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Biomedical subjects

H Brünner

Publications and source records attributed to H Brünner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Alps, genes, and chromosomes: their role in the formation of species in the Sorex araneus group (Mammalia, Insectivora), as inferred from two hybrid zones.

During the Pleistocene glaciations, the Alps were an efficient barrier to gene flow between isolated populations, often leading to allopatric speciation. Afterwards, the Alps strongly influenced the post-glacial recolonization of Europe and represent a major suture zone between differentiated populations. Two hybrid zones in the Swiss and French Alps between genetically and chromosomally well-differentiated species-the Valais shrew, Sorex antinorii, and the common shrew, S. araneus-were studied karyotypically and by analyzing the distribution of seven microsatellite loci. In the center of the Haslital hybrid zone the two species coexist over a distance of 900 m. Hybrid karyotypes, among them the most complex known in Sorex, are rare. F-statistics based on microsatellite data revealed a strong heterozygote deficit only in the center of the zone, due to the sympatric distribution of the two species with little hybridization between them. Structuring within the species (both F(IS) and F(ST)) was low. An hierarchical analysis showed a high level of interspecific differentiation. Results were compared with those previously reported in another hybrid zone located at Les Houches in the French Alps. Genetic structuring within and between species was comparable in both hybrid zones, although chromosomal incompatibilities are more important in Haslital, where a linkage block of the race-specific chromosomes should additionally impede gene flow. Evidence for a more restricted gene flow in Haslital comes from the genetically intermediate hybrid karyotypes, whereas in Les Houches, hybrid karyotypes are genetically identical to individuals of the pure karyotypic races. Genic and chromosomal introgression was observed in Les Houches, but not in Haslital. The possible influence of a river, separating the two species at Les Houches, on gene flow is discussed.

Altitude↗
PubMed2000

Microsatellites can be misleading: an empirical and simulation study.

It has been long recognized that highly polymorphic genetic markers can lead to underestimation of divergence between populations when migration is low. Microsatellite loci, which are characterized by extremely high mutation rates, are particularly likely to be affected. Here, we report genetic differentiation estimates in a contact zone between two chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus), based on 10 autosomal microsatellites, a newly developed Y-chromosome microsatellite, and mitochondrial DNA. These results are compared to previous data on proteins and karyotypes. Estimates of genetic differentiation based on F- and R-statistics are much lower for autosomal microsatellites than for all other genetic markers. We show by simulations that this discrepancy stems mainly from the high mutation rate of microsatellite markers for F-statistics and from deviations from a single-step mutation model for R-statistics. The sex-linked genetic markers show that all gene exchange between races is mediated by females. The absence of male-mediated gene flow most likely results from male hybrid sterility.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Prevention of thrombosis in surgery: low molecular weight heparin/standard heparin].

In a randomized study the efficiency of the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) Fragmin and unfractionated heparin Calciparin in preventing thromboembolic disease was examined. Ninety patients undergoing a herniotomy participated in the study. The LMWH also showed good efficiency in a laboratory test of anti-factor Xa-activity. There were no complications.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1983

[Crohn's disease and pregnancy].

The interrelationship of pregnancy with Crohn's disease is as nebulous as aetiology and pathogenesis of this inflammatory bowel disease. In the years 1964-1981 we have operated upon 342 patients with Crohn's disease. 47 women suffering from this disease became pregnant. Whereas pregnancy appears to have little influence on the course of Crohn's disease, the incidence of miscarriages appears to rise with increasing activity and extent of bowel involvement. Only in case of exacerbation or complications is medical or even surgical therapy indicated in the course of pregnancy. Abortion does not appear to influence the course of Crohn's disease favourably.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Gardner's syndrome. Diagnosis and surgical treatment (author's transl)].

The early appearance of "hard" and "soft" tumors should give cause to search regularly for intestinal polyposis. Once the diagnosis is made prophylactic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis is justified. With regard to a polyposis of the upper gastrointestinal tract, there is room for observation. The possibility of a peripapillary carcinoma with or without simultaneous involvement of stomach and duodenum must be reckoned with even years after a colectomy. Postoperative mesenteric fibroses and widespread adhesions are responsible for subileus and ileus. Because of their tendency to recur, desmoid tumors should only be treated operatively when this appears unavoidable by reason of local symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Small intestine plication by the Noble method. Critical evaluation with reference to its results].

Based on our own cases (1964-1979) the indications for and the surgical technique of small intestine-plication (Noble-procedure) are discussed. The mean follow-up period was 10.3 years. Utilizing this surgical procedure 87% of 15 patients treated for chronically recurring adhesive ileus experienced good results. These statistics correlate with other publications that propose recurrent adhesive ileus as the 'indicatio causalis' for Noble-procedure. Possible major complications and the problem of symptoms from adhesions occurring or persisting after small intestine-plication are demonstrated with reference to our own cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Investigation of the oral-anal frequency gradient of the slow waves in the reversed intestinal segment].

Slow waves on small intestine are recognized by decreasing frequency from oral to anal direction. By means of an unipolar recording we found in 65,7 percent of our probes the higher frequency on oral side, in 15,7 percent on anal side and 18,6 percent no remarkable difference between both. After the reverse of a segment of small intestine we still found a reverse of the gradient of the frequences in that way, that nearly in the same percentage the higher frequency was now to be found on the anal side. The mechanical activity of the reversed segment remains also permanently reversed. These indicate that the oral-anal frequency gradient is bound causally to the direction of mechanical activity of the small intestinal wall. They further indicate the permanent antiperistalsis of the reversed small intestinal segment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in old age (author's transl)].

A report is given on perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers in 111 patients, who were 60 years and older. In the course of investigation the percentage of older patients rose from 15 to 30%. The mortality rate depends upon accompanying complications of other organs. If a long history of ulcer exists, we turn to definitive surgery in the state of perforation, so far as the patient is in a good conditions. An improvement of prognosis can only be expected by shortening the interval between perforation and operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[O2-uptake of the cirrhotic liver. An experimental study (author's transl)].

In 15 Beagles with cirrhosis of the liver (TAA induced) and in 22 healthy controls the flow in the hepatic artery (Q a.h.) and in the portal vein (Q v.p.) was measured by kineangiodensitometry. The oxygen content in the hepatic artery, portal and hepatic vein was determined after withdrawal by inserted catheters. Thereafter the O2-uptake (V O2) via portal vein (V pO2) and hepatic artery (V aO2) was calculated. The control animals showed Q a.h. of 175 +/- 25 ml/min and Q v.p. of 511 +/- ml/min. In the cirrhotic animals Q a.h. rose up to 205 +/- 31 ml/min, there was a decrease of Q v.p. to 260 +/- 49 ml/min. V O2 of the liver of the controls was 5,6 +/- 1 ml/100 g/min. V aO2 ws 2,0 +/- 0,4 ml/100 g/min (35%), V pO2 was 3,6 +/- 0,7 ml/100 g/min (65%). In the cirrhotic animals V O2 decreased to 4,7 +/- 0,9 ml/100 g/min, V aO2 rose up to 3,0 +/- 0,6 ml/100 g/min (64%), V pO2 was reduced to 1,7 +/- 0,6 ml/100 g/min (36%). There was a statistically significant difference of all values measured (p less than or equal to 0,01). In cirrhosis of the liver the hepatic artery carries the main oxygen supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Histological and enzyme histochemical studies of intestinal interposition after total gastrectomy].

The formation of a stomach substitute with various intestinal interpolations (jejunum, ileocecum, colon) and the esophagojejunostomy by a Roux-anastomosis are carried through after total gastrectomy in animal experiments. The structural rebuilding proceedings in the intestinal interpolations were histologically and enzyme-histochemically examined after an experimental time of 3 months. A dilatation of the intestinal wall in connection with muscular wall hypertrophy appears in all operating method. In that way the reservoir function is guaranteed in the various stomach substitutes. The mucosa of the jejunal interpolation shows a hyperregeneratoric atrophy. A small enlargement of the surface originates in the colon interpolation from a villiferous conversion of the proximal parts of the crypts. The advance of the activity of the brush border enzymes in the ileocecum and the colon interpolation refers to an attempt of the mucosa on a change of the conditions of resorption. The essential pathogenetic factor of all rebuilding events appears in the intralumic environmental alteration in the intestinal interpolations.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Long stump of the cystic duct causing trouble after cholecystectomy (author's transl)].

Of 4,058 patients who had had surgery in the years 1964-1977 because of disease of the extrahepatic biliary system 232 had to be operated upon again; in 9% of these the remaining stump of the cystic duct was found to be too long. In one third of these cases a causal relationship between long stump and clinical trouble could be suspected. From analysing these cases it became clear, that complications arising in the long stump e.g. inflammation or formation of new stones, involving in some cases extended parts of the hepatic biliary system,--caused the troubles. Reoperation should be performed early; a long stump should be shortened and the biliary duct system should be investigated intraoperatively in order to exclude other pathological conditions. Three fourths of our patients became symptom-free after the second operation; in the other patients secondary changes of the hepatic biliary system had already become autonomous and were responsible for the further course of the disease.

Cholangitis↗
PubMed1980

[Problems of surgical re-intervention in primary retroperitoneal tumours in adults (author's transl)].

After a short discussion of primary retroperitoneal tumour characteristics, the effectiveness of surgical re-interventions in recurrences of these tumours with regard to our own cases (1964 to 1978: 97 primary retroperitoneal tumours) is analysed. Repeated aggressive surgical interventions combined with chemo-and radiotherapy, particularly in malignant mesenchymal primary retroperitoneal tumours with an average of 5.8 years (10 cases), show a distinct improvement in survival rates, while the same procedure in 3 malignant neurogenic and teratoid primary retroperitoneal tumours resulted in an insignificant average prolongation of life of 8.3 months since the first operation for malignant growth. In 6 patients malignant degeneration of the primary retroperitoneal tumour, as described in literature, occurred. Malignant metaplasia appeared on an average of 5 years after radical extirpation of the primary benign tumour, partly after repeated benign recurrences. Therefore the benign primary retroperitoneal tumour should principally be put on a level with the malignant form concerning surgical tactics and tumour aftercare.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Primary retroperitoneal tumours (author's transl)].

Mean duration from symptoms to diagnosis in 87 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumour was 4.8 months for malignant tumour (67 patients), 18.1 months for benign tumour (20). The cardinal symptoms were palpable abdominal mass (68%), feeling of fullness and nausea (64%), as well as ill-defined abdominal pain (55%). Radiological diagnosis, especially selective angiography, provided important pointers to the global diagnosis of "retroperitoneal tumour". Small-needle biopsy, guided by ultrasound, has now become available in the pre-operative diagnosis of the type and malignancy of these tumours. After radical resection of 30 malignant tumours there was a mean survival time of, so far, 30.2 months. Results were worse with palliative malignant-tumour removal in 25 patients, at an average of 17.3 months. Survival time was only 4.8 months for 29 patients declared inoperable. In individual instances cytostatic treatment achieved an increase in survival time of up to 12 years.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

[Histological and histoautoradiographical examination of the interposed jejunum after total gastrectomy in dogs (author's transl)].

Total gastrectomy was performed on purebred beagle dogs and a 30--40 cm jejunal segment was grafted isoperistaltically between oesophagus and duodenum. Histological and histoautoradiographical examinations were carried out and the wall-thickness and the cell-transformation rate in the interponate determined. Despite the isoperistaltic substitute-stomach a muscular wall-hypertrophy of 140% of the interponated jejunum was found. The reason for this hypertrophy is thought to be the result of adhesions and the functional mechanical demands. Histoautoradiographical examinations confirmed that the regeneration time in the substitute-stomach decreased by 70% compared with the normal jejunum. The distinct reduction of cell regeneration in the regeneration in the interponated jejunum could be attributed to the considerable regression of the absorbent performance and to the increase in its mechanical exercises.

Animals↗