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Biomedical subjects

H Boichis

Publications and source records attributed to H Boichis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The renal effects of radiocontrast administration during cardioangiography in two different groups with congenital heart disease.

Renal effects of the administration of contrast media during cardiac catheterisation were compared in two groups of patients with congenital heart diseases. Group A consisted of 21 patients with cardiac malformations, characterised primarily by left ventricular volume overload and known to be associated occasionally with left heart failure, such as: left to right shunts and left ventricular valvular defects. Group B consisted of 23 patients with lesions affecting the right ventricle which are rarely associated with left heart failure, such as: Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonic stenosis. Patients in Group A showed a significant increment in both plasma creatinine and uric acid levels in the 24 h following heart catheterisation. This observation was significantly more prominent in the older age group (above the age of 5 years). In Group B no changes in these parameters were encountered. Plasma renin activity and fractional sodium excretion increased and decreased respectively, by a similar degree in both groups in the 24 h following contrast media administration. No difference in renal tubular handling of uric acid was observed between both groups, nor did any of the patients studied demonstrate any degree of proteinuria or abnormality in the urine sediment, prior to or following heart catheterisation. We suggest that chronic pre-existing left ventricular overload should be considered a risk factor among the other known risk factors which promote the incidence of acute renal failure after contrast media administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Transient renovascular hypertension in childhood.

Two children aged 18 and 30 months presented with severe renovascular hypertension. Initially, surgical intervention was postponed because of the patients' young age. Adequate control of the hypertension and reversal of its sequelae were achieved with aggressive medical management. At present, both patients, aged 9 and 12 years respectively, have discontinued all medication, have achieved normal growth, are normotensive and have normal renal function.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1984

Aldosterone concentrations in dehydrated infants.

The mean serum aldosterone concentration of 37 infants with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration was markedly elevated on admission (mean +/- SE 94.3 +/- 12.1 ng/ml) and approximated to normal values (18.2 +/- 3.7 ng/ml) following recovery from the acute disease (t=3.56 p less than 0.005). Serum aldosterone levels were significantly positively correlated with the percent weight loss (r=0.41, p less than 0.05) and with the blood urea nitrogen levels (r=0.55, p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between either serum sodium levels or blood osmolarity and aldosterone concentrations. Serum potassium levels were positively correlated with aldosterone levels (r=0.53, p less than 0.001). These findings indicate that small infants when dehydrated respond appropriately with elevated aldosterone levels. The amount of body fluid depletion and hyperkalemia are the major factors determining the amount of aldosterone response.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1984

Ischemic colitis in chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis.

A 6-year and 8-month-old boy on chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis for end stage kidney disease presented with severe diarrhea, abdominal distension, cramps, tenesmus and vomiting. Barium enema showed rigidity and irregularity of the mucosa of the sigmoid and distal descending colon, with 'thumb print like' appearance, findings compatible with ischemic colitis. The institution of hemodialysis and discontinuation of the peritoneal dialysis resulted in a marked clinical and radiological improvement. Kidney transplantation performed a month later was associated with a complete cure of his intestinal disease.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Maturation of renal tubular transport of gentamicin.

Previous data have suggested an age-related increase in renal clearance of gentamicin. This phenomenon could be the result of an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and/or of an augmentation in its transtubular influx. To investigate this question, four groups of rats, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks old, were sacrificed. 125I-labeled gentamicin uptake was measured in renal cortical slices as the cpm/mg wet tissue slice/medium (S/M) ratio. There was a significant age-related increment in gentamicin uptake. S/M ratios at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were 3.49 +/- 0.46 (n = 7), 3.52 +/- 0.37 (n = 10), 4.23 +/- 0.42 (n = 10), 4.81 +/- 0.45 (n = 17), respectively (mean +/- SD; r = 0.78; p less than 0.01). Intraperitoneal injections of gentamicin were administered to another group of rats for 10 consecutive days from age 2 weeks and more. Gentamicin uptake of their renal cortical slices at 6 weeks of age was similar to that observed in the parallel age group of the nonstimulated rats (S/M ratio 4.18 +/- 0.41).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Clinical use of captopril in Takayasu's disease.

Three patients with Takayasu's disease (TD), initially observed with hypertension and/or congestive heart failure, were treated with captopril, an orally active inhibitor of converting enzyme. As arteritis in this disease is diffuse and extensive, surgical correction of renovascular hypertension is often delayed or impossible. Our experience enables us to recommend captopril for conservative treatment in TD.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type B infections in hospitalized pediatric patients.

Thirty-two pediatric patients with invasive Hemophilus influenzae type B (HITB) infections were evaluated according to the frequency of resistant strains and the clinical profile. The incidence of resistant strains was 28% (9/32), all of them due to beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. The rate of ampicillin resistance was significantly higher among patients who had received beta-lactam antibiotics. The initial treatment of HITB infections in our region should therefore include chloramphenicol; the indiscriminate day-to-day use of beta-lactam antibiotics should be reconsidered.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

The chest radiograph in the diagnosis of atypical nephritis due to infectious mononucleosis.

A four-year-old boy developed oliguria, proteinuria and hypocomplementemia, without hematuria, in the course of proven infectious mononucleosis. A chest radiograph revealed a mild cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vasculature and pleural fluid. These abnormalities were compatible with acute glomerulonephritis and were in support of this clinical diagnosis in spite of the absence of hematuria.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Acquired obstructions of the lower urinary tract in children.

Acquired obstructions of the lower urinary tract in children are uncommon. They can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic lesions, and have a very varied etiology. Several illustrative cases are reported, such as traumatic and infectious strictures, meatal stenosis, benign and malignant tumors, fused labia, and epidermolysis bullosa. Many of these lesions have distinct radiographical features, best demonstrated by micturating cystourethrograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The effect of lithium chloride on tumour appearance and survival of melanoma-bearing mice.

The possible effect of lithium chloride, a compound which reduces the incidence of infection in cancer patients, was investigated on murine melanoma. C57 BL syngeneic mice were inoculated i.p. with B16 melanoma cells. The animals were divided into 4 groups, receiving daily i.p. treatment with saline--group 1, controls; lithium chloride--group 2, bleomycin and vinblastine--group 3, and lithium chloride with bleomycin and vinblastine--group 4. Animals in group 4 had a significant delay in tumour appearance, a higher degree of tumour necrosis, and a longer survival rate. In addition a significant reduction of serum lithium concentration was noted in animals of this group in comparison with animals in group 2, treated with lithium chloride alone. There was no lithium-induced leukocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic hypercalciuria: a familial generalized renal hyperexcretory state.

Twenty-two children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) as well as their parents and siblings were compared to 29 control children and their parents and siblings. Urinary calcium excretion following calcium deprivation or calcium loading was significantly higher in parents and siblings of the IH children than in the corresponding controls. Significantly higher rates of glomerular filtration and increased urinary excretion of sodium potassium and phosphate were found in all family members in the IH group as compared to controls. Significant positive correlations of the five variables studied (glomerular filtration and urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium) were noted within individuals and also within families, both in the IH and the control groups, notwithstanding the lower mean levels in the latter. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, potassium, and sodium were similar in the IH and controls. The distributions of all urinary variables in both the IH and control groups were unimodal with considerable overlap of the two groups, suggesting that IH may be a single entity, possibly representing the upper end of normality. Our data seem to indicate that IH is more likely to be due to nutritional than to genetic factors, since maintenance of sodium potassium homeostatis in the face of increased excretion necessitates increased ingestion of these electrolytes, while increased sodium ingestion is known to be associated with increased urinary excretion of calcium, potassium, and phosphate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae in hepatic cirrhosis.

Cyanosis, clubbing, and arterial oxygen desaturation may occur in patients with liver disease, and are attributed to the presence of pulmonary or peripheral arterio-venous shunting. Cardiac catheterisation and angiocardiography in a patient with a normal heart did not demonstrate the presence of abnormal arterio-venous anastomoses. Pulmonary shunting was proved when intravenous technetium-labelled macroaggregated albumin, normally held up in capillary networks, was passed quickly through the lungs and immediately detected in high systemic blood flow organs. The opening of peripheral and pulmonary anastomoses in patients with liver disease may be owing to the presence of a vasodilatory substance such as ferritin, which was found to be abnormally increased in the patient's blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Renal function in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus was investigated in 9 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Both under baseline conditions and during saline-induced diuresis, urinary excretion rate of sodium (UNaV), potassium, phosphorus and calcium did not differ significantly from control values although the fractional excretion of sodium was significantly higher in patients with CF during saline diuresis. When distally acting diuretics were administered, this difference between CF patients and controls was magnified and in addition, UNaV in CF patients was also significantly higher than in controls. Following saline loading the increment in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with CF was significantly lower than that of controls. We conclude that patients with CF when subjected to volume expansion demonstrate a lower tubular reabsorptive capacity of sodium as well as a reduced ability to increase their GFR. The defect in sodium reabsorption is probably located in the proximal tubule.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium.

Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium is reported in a 1-year-old child. Despite vigorous antibiotic therapy, the child's vision deteriorated, and loss of light perception occurred in the infected eye. Endophthalmitis is a very rare complication of salmonellosis, and it should alert physicians because of its severe damage to the eye.

Endophthalmitis↗