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Biomedical subjects

H Blackburn

Publications and source records attributed to H Blackburn.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Improvement in hypertension detection and control from 1973-1974 to 1980-1981. The Minnesota Heart Survey experience.

Blood pressures from a 1980-1981 survey of 1,656 adults in Minneapolis-St Paul were compared with BPs from a similar community survey of 3,475 adults conducted in 1973-1974. Mean age-adjusted BPs in 1980-1981 were 3 mm Hg lower for men and 2 mm Hg lower for women than in 1973-1974. Hypertension prevalence, defined as diastolic BP of 95 mm Hg or greater and/or use of antihypertensive medication, was essentially unchanged. In 1973-1974, however, only 40.4% of hypertensive persons had adequately controlled BPs, 13.7% were treated but had conditions that were uncontrolled, 20.4% had known hypertension but were untreated, and 25.5% had previously undetected hypertension. In 1980-1981, the respective percentages were 76.1%, 8.5%, 8.8% and 6.6%. These impressive changes in hypertension detection and control may have contributed to the recent decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in this community.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect of alcohol on serum high density lipoprotein (HDL). A controlled experiment.

A cross-over study using 11 male subjects and a closely controlled diet, investigated the effect of alcohol on serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) components. Smoking status and body weight remained essentially constant and exercise changes were adjusted for in the analysis. As compared to sucrose, alcohol consumption was associated with a significant elevation in serum apolipoprotein A-I (0.37 mg/dl/g/day of alcohol) with similar effects for serum HDL cholesterol (0.14 mg/dl/g/day of alcohol) and serum apolipoprotein A-II (0.11 mg/dl/g/day of alcohol) achieving borderline levels of statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Blood lipids in young men followed 32 years.

The relationship of baseline characteristics to serum cholesterol at baseline (CHL47) when aged 16-25 (mean 20.5) yr and at 32-yr follow-up (CHL79) was assessed in 162 men. Mean CHL rose over the follow-up period. CHL47 predicted CHL79 (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001) but not CHL79-CHL47. The mean (+/- SD) weight change (DW) was 12.0 kg (+/- 26.0 kg). DW was not significantly related to CHL47, but was independently related to CHL79-CHL47 (4 = 0.30, p less than 0.001). Age, height, DW, any of 7 measures of baseline obesity and CHL47 predicted CHL79 with R2 of 0.40 and CHL79-CHL47 with R2 of 0.37. Thus, weight change but not baseline relative weight was a determinant of serum cholesterol change from youth to middle age. There was strong tracking of serum cholesterol over this period.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Current strategies for explaining the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality.

Mortality from ischemic heart disease has declined sharply since the mid 1960's in the United States and several other industrialized nations. The causes of this decline have thus far not been established. Six major strategies for investigating determinants of ischemic heart disease mortality trends are discussed in this review: (1) analyses of mortality data; (2) morbidity surveillance; (3) surveillance of change in medical care; (4) surveillance of cardiovascular risk factors; (5) social and ecological surveillance; (6) experimental and quasi-experimental community approaches. The rationale, problems and limitations of each are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Indices of obesity and blood pressure in young men followed 32 years.

In order to assess the effects of baseline indices of obesity, lean body mass, blood pressure, and weight change on future blood pressure, 112 former college men were examined 20 and 32 years after initial examination at age 20.5 (+/- 2) yr. Baseline body weight, relative body weight, body mass index and body density all showed similar significant correlations with baseline systolic blood pressure (r = 0.35, 0.31, 0.30 - 0.31) but not baseline diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.13, 0.07, 0.10 - 0.11) or follow-up blood pressure. Changes in body weight, relative body weight, body mass index and sum of skinfolds were significantly correlated with change in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Baseline systolic blood pressure was the most powerful predictor of 20- and 32-yr follow-up systolic (r = 0.57, 0.42), but baseline diastolic was a much weaker correlate of follow-up diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.24, 0.18).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Physician practice in the management of patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction: changes in the past decade.

To determine changes in the patterns of care between 1970 and 1980 for patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, questionnaires were sent to almost 6000 physicians in 1979 and responses were compared with those of a similar survey taken in 1970. Almost all physicians in 1979 reported the availability and use of an intensive care/coronary care unit facility with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Progressive-care facilities are also becoming more widely available. The median length of hospitalization has decreased markedly. Early ambulation and an earlier return to work are more common. There is a high level of informal patient and patient-family counseling about myocardial infarction and its management, both during and after hospitalization, and wider use of educational materials. Most physicians continue to recommend progressive physical activity after hospitalization. The routine prescription of anticoagulant therapy during hospitalization has declined, while prescription of prophylactic antiarrhythmic agents has increased. Nitrate drugs and tranquilizers are routinely prescribed by a large percentage of physicians for their patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Use of standard exercise tests has increased among all physician specialties. The treadmill test is most often used, and testing is typically done 6 weeks after infarction. A significant increase in the availability of and familiarity with exercise testing is characteristic of all medical specialties. Symptoms of new chest pain and palpitations are now considered important enough to warrant the recommendation to report immediately to an emergency room. Other current findings include the routine use of coronary angiography by a large percentage of physicians to evaluate the need for surgical intervention, and the routine posthospitalization prescription by only a small percentage of physicians of aspirin and of nitrate drugs for patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1982

Long-term effects of a blood pressure survey on patient treatment in a community.

The influence of a systematic survey and follow-up of blood pressure in a population sample was assessed by a subsequent survey performed an average of 40 months later. A subsample of 764 men, originally ages 35-57 years, was randomly selected for telephone follow-up, while blood pressure was remeasured in 133 (17% of the subsample). These were drawn from 6779 men who had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, the average of the second two measurements of three at the initial survey. Ninety percent of the men in the telephone survey reported they had visited their physician or medical-care source. Of these visits, 70% were for consideration of blood pressure, and in 36% this visit was directly attributed to the screen. At follow-up, 52.8% were taking antihypertensive medication and in 61% of this group the medication was started after the initial screen. Follow-up revealed DBP reduced by 8.7% in the group not treated with antihypertensive agents either before or after the initial survey, by 13.4% in the group on treatment before the survey and by 17.7% in the group started on therapy after the survey. Although lack of a suitable comparison group is a limitation, these findings in a population-based cohort strongly suggest that systematic blood pressure screening, combined with effective immediate referral, may be associated with an important effect on blood pressure control in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of various vegetable supplements on serum cholesterol.

Several previous studies have indicated that vegetables may lower serum total cholesterol. This study, using a Latin square experimental design, investigates the effect of three vegetable supplements (vegetable roots, vegetable leaves and stalks, whole grains) on serum lipoprotein cholesterol. The results from each vegetable supplement are compared to the results from a sucrose supplement of equal caloric content. Dietary fat, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, body weight, and physical activity are all controlled in the experimental design or the analysis. The results show that the effect of vegetables on serum cholesterol is not confined to one vegetable grouping or one type of lipoprotein cholesterol. Vegetable leaves and stalks are associated with lower values of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (and possibly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and total cholesterol. Whole grains are associated with lower values of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. In addition to the actual cholesterol lowering effect compared to sucrose, the lack of an increase, suggests some advantage in the use of these vegetable groupings (even roots) as a replacement for fat in the diet, and vegetable leaves and whole grains as a replacement for sucrose.

Adult↗