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Biomedical subjects

H Bickel

Publications and source records attributed to H Bickel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Protein supply and the use of carbadox in growing swine].

In a growth experiment with 144 pigs of the landrace breed in the body weight range of 20 to 100 kg the effect of Carbadox at constant and decreasing levels in the feed until 60 kg body weight on the growth performance and the digestibility of the nutrients in rations with a varying protein supply was studied. The following results were obtained: The supplementation of Carbadox to protein rich diets caused only a small increase in daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The increase of growth performance as a consequence of the addition of Carbadox was more pronounced with the low protein diets. From this result a protein sparing effect of Carbadox can be derived. The effect of Carbadox on growth performance could be observed from 20 to 60 kg body weight and over the whole experimental period from 20 to 90 kg. The increase of growth performance could be largely explained by a better digestibility of the nutrients.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Inter-laboratory quality control in neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism.

Screening of neonates for inborn errors of metabolism has been carried out on a national level since 1969 in the Federal Republic of Germany. To raise the reliability of these routine investigations, we introduced an external quality control in March 1982. Every 2 months ten filter paper samples were sent to the screening centres in West Germany. Some of these samples have a normal and others a slightly raised content of phenylalanine, leucine, methionine and galactose. The success of this external quality control is appraised on the basis of the number of false negative results. In the course of time, screening centres in France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey and Yugoslavia have also participated in these inter-laboratory quality controls.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed1985

Reduced and compensatory growth: endocrine and metabolic changes during food restriction and refeeding in steers.

Effects of food restriction, followed by refeeding, on energy and nitrogen metabolism, growth rates and blood levels of hormones and metabolites were studied in steers. During the restriction period, which lasted for almost 5 mo, allowance for energy and nitrogen were close to maintenance requirements. Heat production and growth rates were markedly lowered. In response to reduced food intake concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), insulin (IRI), glucose and alpha-amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) were reduced, those of growth hormone (GH) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were elevated, whereas 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) and albumin were not different from levels measured in nonrestricted animals. During refeeding heat production and energy balances increased, nitrogen balances were transiently elevated and the animals exhibited compensatory growth. In response to refeeding, concentrations of T4, T3 and IRI increased within days. In contrast, GH decreased whereas rT3 did not change. Within 2 d of refeeding there was a rapid fall of NEFA, and an increase of glucose, and beta-hydroxybutyrate within 2 and 12 d, respectively. The data demonstrate the ability of growing ruminants to adapt rapidly to variations in food intake by closely linked metabolic and endocrine changes, which are associated with shifts in energy and nitrogen metabolism and, finally, by reduced or compensatory growth.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1984

Population screening and the early detection of dementing disorders in old age: a review.

The scope for the early detection of dementing disorders in the elderly by means of screening techniques is reviewed in the light of the basic principles of early disease detection. It is concluded that, while there is an increasingly urgent need for the development and application of psychogeriatric screening methods as a step towards preventive action, such methods are still at an early experimental stage. Prescriptive screening programmes are contra-indicated at present. The most immediate requirement is for evaluative research, which should be planned to take account both of the properties of the screening instruments and of the health-care and social settings in which these are to be applied. No major progress in this field can be expected unless it proves possible to integrate methods of early case-detection, and of systematic surveillance of the at-risk elderly, into the work of primary medical and social services.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Diet therapy and coenzyme therapy in hereditary metabolic diseases].

A greater number of inherited metabolic disorders can now be treated with special diets or cofactors. Recent progress is illustrated by the example of various hyperphenylalaninaemias (HPHE), of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and of various homocystinurias (HCY). Of special importance for the future is a severe embryopathy in infants of mothers with HPHE and its possible prevention by reintroducing a phenylalanine - restricted diet for the mother before conception. Of considerable scientific interest and therapeutic impact is also the treatment of patients with HPHE due to tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. This consists in substituting the patients' metabolism with this cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase as well as with neurotransmitters. Cofactor deficiencies have also been described in MSUD and HCY, and substitution with high doses of thiamine and pyridoxin has been successful. The management of the acute metabolic derangement of neonatal MSUD is a great therapeutic challenge even to experienced metabolic centres. Rational therapy for homocystinurias due to remethylation defects is still being explored. In siblings with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency we used leucovorin for the first time and with success.

Biopterins↗
PubMed1982

Phenylalanine levels in PKU following minor surgery.

Serum phenylalanine values were measured in 10 PKU patients who had minor operations. No individual value exceeded 17 mg/dl and the interpolated mean did not exceed 10 mg/dl on any postoperative day. These data confirm the consensus that minor surgery does not cause major and long-lived perturbations of serum phenylalanine levels in PKU and requires no special dietary measures.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Standardized loading test with protein for the differentiation of phenylketonuria from hyperphenylalaninaemia.

Eighty-nine protein-loading tests were performed in 80 patients with an increased blood phenylalanine concentration. The amount of protein corresponding to 0.18 g phenylalanine/kg body weight per day was calculated and given for 3 days, during which time eight phenylalanine and eight tyrosine blood concentrations were determined. Nine numerical evaluations were checked for discrimination between phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninaemia. The two most powerful discriminants were the phenylalanine blood concentration after 72 hours (sample taken in the morning of the 4th day after the beginning of the load) with a limit value of 15 mg/dl (0.91 mmol/l), and the mean value of the 5th to 8th phenylalanine values, also with a limit value of 15 mg/dl. In only eight of the 80 patients would the final diagnosis not have been established by the loading test.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1980

Thyroid hormone levels related to energy and nitrogen balance during weight loss and regain in adult sheep.

Caloric deprivation (feeding 50 and 25% of the original maintenance requirement for 126 days), followed by overnutrition (feeding 133 and 200% of the original maintenance requirement) for 37 days, were induced in 7 adult sheep. Before and after the periods of undernutrition and after overnutrition the animals were fasted (total energy withdrawal) for 5 days. Energy- and nitrogen-balances were determined and related to concentrations of thyroxine (total: T4; free: FT4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (total: T3; free FT3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3,rT3). caloric deprivation led to decreased T3 and FT3 levels, overnutrition to increased T3 and FT3 concentration. T3 was significantly correlated with energy- and nitrogen-balances (r = 0.73 and 0.71, respectively; P less than 0.001). T4 and FT4 behave similar to T3, but correlations between T4 levels and energy- and nitrogen-balances were low. In contrast to T3, rT3 levels increased during energy withdrawal and decreased during overnutrition. After an overnutrition for months, an additional fasting for 5 days did not increase rT3 levels, however, rT3 was significantly correlated with energy- and nitrogen-balances (r = -0.50 and -.50, respectively; P less than 0.01).

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

[Sulfites in infusion solutions].

9 commercially available high-calorie carbohydrate solutions were investigated for their sulfite content. It became evident that 6 manufacturers of infusion solutions add varying amounts of sulfite to their solutions. We consider such an addition to be unnecessary and risky from the toxicological point of view.

Carbohydrates↗