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Biomedical subjects

H Berry

Publications and source records attributed to H Berry.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

In-vitro studies of normal human thyroid cells: responses to thyrotrophin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

Follicular cells isolated from normal human thyroid tissue have been cultured for up to 140 h with bovine thyrotrophin (TSH) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP). Both compounds induced marked reorganization of the cells into three-dimensional follicular structures, whilst non-supplemented cells assumed a monolayer form. Cultures treated initially with TSH or DBcAMP showed a greater iodide uptake capacity, in comparison with unsupplemented cultures, in which iodide uptake was markedly diminished after 24 h. The release of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Both TSH- and DBcAMP-treated cells showed a significant increase in iodothyronine output compared with unsupplemented control cells. In contrast to the "classical" TSH-induced depression of the T4:T3 ratio in vivo, an increase in the ratio was observed for both TSH- and DBcAMP-supplemented cells in vitro. The ratio was also significantly greater after TSH than after DBcAMP, and possible implications of this findings are discussed.

Bucladesine↗
PubMed1977

Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis--report of 10 cases.

The distinction between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has hitherto relied on supporting evidence of characteristic radiological changes in the sacroiliac joints, together with the Rose-Waaler and Latex tests for rheumatoid factor (RF). This distinction has remained incomplete since some 30 per cent of patients with RA may have sacroiliitis, a similar proportion having negative routine tests for RF. The identification of the HLA B27 antigen, present in 90 per cent of cases of AS and six per cent of the normal population, has enabled a number of cases to be recognized in which both diseases appear to co-exist. Ten cases are described in which either RA appears to have developed in patients with AS, or AS in patients with RA. They all fulfil the ARA diagnostic criteria for classical RA, and the criteria for classical AS. The likelihood of these two diseases occurring by chance in an individual might be of the order of 1:50,000 to 1:200,000.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A method of percutaneous laryngeal electromyography.

A method of percutaneous laryngeal electromyography is described. The technique is simple, safe and it allows a sampling of muscles within the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal territories. The procedure can be performed on an out-patient basis in a conventional electromyography laboratory, and complications have not been encountered.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Laryngeal electromyography - techniques, applications, and a review of personal experience.

The techniques and observations of earlier authors on laryngeal electromyography are briefly reviewed. Our personal experience with the use of a percutaneous method in a series of 27 patients is described and discussed. The percutaneous technique is a simple, safe method and permits the examination to be performed on a routine out-patient basis. The presence of denervation, the degree of paralysis, evidence of recovery, can be readily obtained and this permits a more accurate assessment and prognosis to be made.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of thyrotropin- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP- induced thyroglobulin iodination in cultured human thyroid cells.

The relative degree of 125-I labelling of thyroglobulin-- bound mono-iodotyrosine (MIT) and di-iodotyrosine (DIT) in isolated, cultured human thyroid cells has been compared following exposure of 125-I supplemented cells to 100 mU/ml of bovine thyrotropin (TSH) or 1.0 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) for 96 hours. Pronase digestion of the lysed cells and Sephadex G-10 fractionation of the digested lysates revealed a predominance of [125-I]MIT over [125-I]DIT in both sets of experimental cells as well as in controls. Levels of [125-I]DIT, however, were only enhanced above control values in cells incubated with TSH. These findings suggest that an increase in availability of intracellular iodide, following cellular exposure to TSH, may facilitate a preferential synthesis of DIT relative to that of MIT. This theory offers an explanation for the differential effects of TSH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the levels of newly--synthesised T4 recovered from the cells used in this study, and from the culture medium in a previous investigation.

Bucladesine↗
PubMed1976

Azathioprine and penicillamine in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled trial.

Sixty-five patients, 33 receiving azathioprine and 32 receiving penicillamine, took part in a one-year, single-blind external-observer trial designed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of these two drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. By six months there was a significantly greater rise in haemoglobin and fall in erythrocyte sedimentation rate among those receiving penicillamine, and by one year this difference remained only in the increase in haemoglobin levels. Fifteen patients, 10 on azathioprine and 5 on penicillamine, had to stop treatment because of side effects; 90 single side effects occurred, 48 in those on penicillamine and 42 in those on azathioprine. After one year both drugs were similar in efficacy and toxicity, but longer-term trials are needed. Both drugs were effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis occurring together.

Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are often difficult to differentiate, though it is important to do so as the natural history and treatment of the two conditions differ. Nine patients have recently been seen, each of whom fulfilled the criteria for both rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In eight of the nine patients the histocompatibility antigen HLA-27 was present. A possible explanation of these cases is that one of the diseases occurred by chance in patients already suffering from the other, but this is extremely unlikely. If a chance association is not the correct explanation the basic concepts defining rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis must be reconsidered.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Peripheral neuropathy in oxalosis. A case report with electron microscopic observations.

A 61 year old man had chronic renal failure because of oxaluria and renal calculi. Two years before death, while on hemodialysis, he developed severe progressive peripheral neuropathy. At autopsy calcium oxalate crystals were found in the peripheral nerves and other tissues. Nerve lesions included segmental demyelination, axonal degeneration and crystalline deposits within the myelin sheath. Ultrastructurally there were foci of osmiophilic granular material within myelin lamellae and endoneurium, and pleomorphic lamellar bodies in the perinuclear Schwann cell cytoplasm. It is probable that chronic hemodialysis favors the deposition of oxalate in the Schwann cells and the development of neuropathy in patients with primary hyperoxaluria and renal failure.

Demyelinating Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Common peroneal nerve palsy: a clinical and electrophysiological review.

In a series of 70 patients (75 cases of common peroneal nerve palsy) the common causes were trauma about the knee or about the hip, compression, and underlying neuropathy. A few palsies occurred spontaneously for no apparent reason. The prognosis was uniformly good in the compression group; recovery was delayed but usually satisfactory in patients who had suffered stretch injuries. In the acute stage, when clinical paralysis appears to be complete, electrophysiological studies are a useful guide to prognosis. They may also indicate an underlying neuropathy and they detect early evidence of recovery. The anatomical peculiarities of the common peroneal nerve are noted and aspects of the clinical picture, management, and prognosis of palsy are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Central auditory dysfunction.

The numerous tests applicable to the assessment of central deafness are briefly reviewed. It is likely that the more specific verbal and non-verbal tests, which assess more complex auditory function, will prove to be most useful in the assessment of these problems. We believe that the concept of a spectrum of clinical-anatomical types of central deafness is useful, namely, cortical, brainstem and more peripheral forms; a detailed study of an example of a predominantly brainstem type of central deafness is presented. An interdisciplinary approach which applies the methods of the audiologist, otolaryngologist, and neurologist to these patients is required to localize the site of the lesion, to detect and describe the deafness and to establish its etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Electrophysiologic assessment of the lower portion of the auditory pathway in the human subject. A preliminary report on auditory evoked eighth nerve and brain stem potentials including their relation to the electrocochleogram.

The electrophysiologic approaches to the assessment of electrical activity of the various portions of the human auditory pathway are reviewed. A method of detection of click evoked eighth nerve and brain stem responses with the use of surface electrodes is described. Preliminary observations in the normal subject with different stimulus parameters and in patients with unilateral deafness are presented. Simultaneous recordings of the eighth nerve and brain stem responses with the cortical evoked response and with the extratympanic electrocochleogram are described. The technique of click evoked eighth nerve and brain stem potentials offers us an additional method of objective assessment of auditory function in a human subject.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1976

Click evoked eighth nerve and brain stem responses (electrocochleogram)--experimental observations in the cat.

The origin of waves two to five occurring in the first 10 milliseconds after repetitive click stimuli is not definitely established. Published studies have suggested that waves two and three are derived from the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex respectively and that waves four and five are generated by the inferior colliculus. Our studies of the effect of chronic brain stem lesions in the cat do not support this hypothesis of specific localization, but reveal that a more general reduction in amplitude, and at times prolongation in latency, occurs with lesions in the pons and lower midbrain and that wave one amplitude is also diminished with brain stem lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Clinical electroretinography by the skin electrode and signal averaged method.

Conventional electroretinography requires the application of a ring or contact electrode to the anaesthetized cornea. A simplified method for routine clinical electroretinography is described. Skin electrodes are used, signals are appropriately filtered, amplified, passed to a signal averager and displayed on an oscilloscope. Sixteen sweeps are employed and a wave form similar in appearance and frequency content to that obtained by the corneal electrode method, is obtained. Values for the light and dark adapted eye in normal subjects (pupils undilated), are provided and the findings in the stages of retinitis pigmentosa and in other disease states, are noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with fenoprofen: comparison with aspirin.

Fenoprofen, a compound with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties in animals, has been compared with placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial in 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was a statistically highly significant reduction in pain, duration of morning stiffness, analgesic requirements, and articular index, with increase in grip strength. There was no significant reduction in joint size or temperature. In a subsequent double-blind group-comparative study fenoprofen proved to be as effective as aspirin in relieving the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, with strikingly fewer side effects. Almost half of the patients taking aspirin were unable to tolerate the drug in adequate dosage for six months. The remainder were able to take on average only 4 g daily, and at this dose almost half still complained of tinnitus and deafness.Fenoprofen is likely to be useful for patients who cannot tolerate aspirin and other more toxic anti-inflammatory drugs or whose disease is not of sufficient severity to justify their use.

Acetaminophen↗