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Biomedical subjects

H Berger

Publications and source records attributed to H Berger.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Influence of cosmic radiation and/or microgravity on development of Carausius morosus.

Eggs of Carausius morosus were exposed to spaceflight conditions in two spaceflight missions, the German 7 day Spacelab Mission D1 and the Soviet 12.56 day Biosatellite Mission "COSMOS 1887". During spaceflight the eggs continued their development. Eggs of five different ages representing different sensitivity to radiation and different capacity to regeneration were used to investigate the influence of cosmic radiation and/or microgravity on insect development. Using the Biostack concept--eggs in monolayers sandwiched between nuclear track detectors--and the 1 g reference centrifuge of BIORACK in D1 we were able to separate effects of heavy ions of the cosmic radiation from microgravity effects and also from combined effects of these two factors in space. After retrieval, hatching rates, embryonic and larval growth kinetics and anomaly frequencies were determined. Microgravity leads to a reduced hatching rate of eggs exposed in the early stages of development. Hatching was normal in eggs which were exposed on the 1 g reference centrifuge. Hits by heavy ions caused body anomalies. The combined action of heavy ions and microgravity resulted in an unexpectedly high frequency of anomalies. These results obtained from the Spacelab Mission D1, were confirmed in an experiment onboard of COSMOS 1887. In addition to the previous analysis, embryonic development before hatching was followed which showed no major difference between flight and the ground control specimens. Since a reconfirmation of reduced hatching rates was observed in COSMOS 1887, too, the above results suggest some microgravity induced functional impairment of the hatching activity, rather than blockage in embryonic development.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous drainage treatment of primary liver abscesses].

28 primary liver abscesses, including 9 amoebic abscesses, in 24 patients were drained percutaneously. Indication for drainage in amoebic abscesses was imminent rupture and clinical symptoms as pleural effusion, lung atelectasis and pain. 95% of the primary abscesses were cured by percutaneous drainage and systemic antibiotic treatment. There was one recurrence of abscess, which was managed surgically. Reasons for drainage failure were: tumour necrosis and tumour perforation with secondary liver abscess.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous drainage of fistula-associated abscesses and biliary fistulas].

33 abdominal abscesses associated with fistulae in 31 patients were treated by percutaneous drainage. 19 of these patients had had surgery immediately preceding the drainage. In 64% the percutaneous drainage led to a diagnosis of an internal fistula. Additional therapeutic measures, because of the fistula, were necessary in 45% (operation, biliary drainage, repositioning of catheter). The average duration of drainage was 29 days. 77% of those abscesses which could be drained were treated successfully. Mortality in the entire series was 19%.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous cholecystostomy in treating acute cholecystitis in patients at risk].

Percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed in 17 poor surgical risk patients. 16 patients developed acute acalculous cholecystitis postoperatively in the intensive care unit, 1 patient had an acute cholecystitis with calculi. Diagnostic imaging using CT and US was specific for acute cholecystitis in 58% only. Percutaneous cholecystostomy was the definitive treatment in 69% of the patients. Additional cholecystectomy was required in 3 patients with complicated cholecystitis, in 1 patient with bile leakage after catheter dislocation and in 1 patient with gallbladder calculi. 3 patients died, 2 of them from reasons unrelated to the gallbladder disease. Radiology-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy performed by a transhepatic approach is a safe and effective procedure for acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Generalized cutaneous hyperpigmentation in hairless mice induced by topical dimethylbenzanthracene.

The skin of hairless (Ng/Bln) mice topically treated with dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was investigated by light microscopy, histochemistry, electron microscopy and autoradiography in order to gain some insight into the mechanisms by which the DMBA-induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation is mediated. The results of the present study indicate that this phenomenon is due to the DMBA-induced stimulation of both the tyrosinase system and the mitotic activity of dopa-inactive dormant melanocytes.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1989

[Centrofacial hyalinosis].

The changes to the center facial skin of a 65-year-old patient caused by hyalinosis were largely reversed by excising the hyaline material. There has been no remission so far. In this case the histological and electron-microscopical findings suggest that poor vascular circulation was primarily responsible for the formation of hyalin.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Maple syrup urine disease and cystathioninemia].

We report of our experience a case of a patient with the classic type of Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) and the rare combination with a secondary Cystathioninemia. The screening of newborns in terms of looking for MSUD has been terminated in 1979 because the number of cases was too small. An 8 days old boy was admitted to our hospital in al lifethreatening state with unspecific neurological symptoms. We were able to diagnose the MSUD in 36 hours. Although we succeeded in decreasing the plasma leucin level by an exchange transfusion and a continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration over 3 days, the leucin level again increased to neurotoxic levels. Finally we managed the leveling by applying a high caloric parenteral and enteral intake. Also a substitution of valin and isoleucin was necessary. The goal of the long-term treatment with a life-long diet with fixed quantities of BCCAs is to adjusted the plasma leucin level to 100-700 mumol/l, the valin and isoleucin level to 200-300 mumol/l. In summary we want to point out, that the diagnosis for the MSUD should be done early enough, to start the successfull therapy, as described above, and to improve the prognosis.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1989

Subtracted versus non-subtracted digital imaging in peripheral angiography.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) plays an important role in the management of vascular diseases of the lower extremities. A disadvantage is the lack of an automatically moving table top. We used a 1,024 x 1,024 matrix with a large-screen intensifier system and an automated "stepping" facility. In 161 examinations of the arteries of the lower extremity digital peripheral arteriography was performed with and without the subtraction technique. We compared the influence of different iodine concentrations in DA and DSA. Peripheral DA proved to be equal to peripheral DSA in the region of the pelvis, thigh and knee, with no adequate contrasting being obtained merely in the region of the lower leg arteries in about 45%. It is necessary to use contrast medium at a concentration of 300 mg I/ml. The installation of an automated "stepping" facility reduces the amount of contrast medium needed and the exposure time.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous drainage treatment of abscess and fluid retention following abdominal surgery].

61 patients with abdominal abscesses and fluid collections as a postoperative complication underwent percutaneous drainage. 60 abscesses, 11 haematomas, 3 steril seromas and 3 bile collections were drained. The fluid collections were associated with biliary or enteric fistulae in 16 cases. The percutaneous drainage was successful in 69%, additional surgery was required in 15%. The overall mortality rate was 13%. Reasons for drainage failure were infected clots, phlegmonic abscesses and pancreas involvement of the abscesses.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed in 8 poor-surgical-risk patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis. Seven patients had had previous laparotomy, 1 patient a coronary bypass operation. A transhepatic approach was used in all patients. Insertion of the drainage catheters was guided by ultrasound and fluoroscopy. Percutaneous drainage was successful in all patients, with no need for further surgical intervention. Two patients died, for reasons unrelated to the gallbladder disease. Percutaneous cholecystostomy may be definitive treatment for acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Angiography of segmental pancreatic transplants.

Arteriography was routinely performed in patients with suspected vascular complications after pancreas transplantation. Dysfunction of the grafts was suggested by 99mTc-DTPA scanning and metabolic tests. Thirty arteriograms obtained in 25 patients were evaluated. Nineteen conventional film angiograms and 11 intraarterial DSA were performed. Five different angiographic patterns were observed: normal vascular anatomy, low-flow phenomenon, arterial or venous thrombosis, and venous neovascularity. On the basis of the angiographic findings, various reasons for graft failure were identified. Recipient venous collaterals or well-functioning grafts without angiographically detectable blood supply were observed in 9 cases, and must be considered to represent neovascularisation by donor and recipient vessels.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1989

Aspirin acetylates fibrinogen and enhances fibrinolysis. Fibrinolytic effect is independent of changes in plasminogen activator levels.

In addition to its antiplatelet effect, aspirin has been reported to have fibrinolytic and hypoprothrombinemic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms underlying the enhanced fibrinolysis after aspirin. Five healthy subjects received 650 mg of aspirin every 12 hr for 5 days. Blood samples were collected before aspirin (control), and immediately before (0 hr) and 2 hr after (2 hr) the last dose for determinations of clot lysis time, time course of thrombin-induced fibrin aggregation, tissue plasminogen activator activity, intrinsic pathway fibrinolytic activity, plasminogen, fibrinogen, aspirin and salicylic acid, and the coagulation tests activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and prothrombin time. Clot lysis time was shorter after aspirin, control: 9.1 +/- 12.4 min (mean +/- S.D.); 0 hr: 4.6 +/- 4.0 min; 2 hr: 5.7 +/- 6.2 min (P: .04) and the fibrin aggregation curves showed increased relative absorbance at 10 min, control: 8.4 +/- 2.2; 0 hr: 11.2 +/- 0.2; 2 hr: 13.3 +/- 5.4 (P: .02). Control values of tissue plasminogen activator (0.11 +/- 0.04 IU/ml), intrinsic pathway fibrinolytic activity (2.20 +/- 0.54 IU/ml), plasminogen (10.9 +/- 1.0 mg/dl), fibrinogen (288 +/- 37 mg/dl) and the coagulation tests were not different from those after aspirin. Aspirin concentration was below detection limits at 0 hr and 1.63 +/- 0.97 micrograms/ml at 2 hr, whereas salicylic acid concentration was 55.0 +/- 35.8 and 136 +/- 71.9 micrograms/ml at 0 and 2 hr, respectively. In vitro studies using fibrinogen-free plasma and added acetylated fibrinogen showed an inverse relationship between the extent of acetylation and clot lysis time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylation↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of patients with congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation and developmental delay in relation to the pre- and perinatal period].

There are substantial differences in the family history, the history of pregnancy and delivery and the course in the first week of life of patients with congenital malformations and patients with developmental or intrauterine growth retardation. Patients with malformations demonstrate a high degree of relatives with malformations; in contrast problems in pregnancy, delivery and postnatal development are less pronounced. Mothers of children with intrauterine growth retardation present with a history of early abortion, prematurity, bleeding, toxemia of pregnancy and tobacco abuse. These children present a great number of problems during the first week of life. Patients with mental retardation present with a history of previous abortion prematurity and tobacco and alcohol abuse during pregnancy. These children also present with significant morbidity in the first week of life. The history of these children discloses an unusual number of siblings with death in early life.

Austria↗