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Biomedical subjects

H Bell

Publications and source records attributed to H Bell.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Five years' follow-up of patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alcoholic liver disease, with special reference to mortality rate and development of malignancy.

Plasma-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was analyzed by a modified CEA-Roche radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 109 alcoholics with various degrees of liver disorders. The total mortality rate during the 5-year observation period was 48%, compared with an expected mortality rate of 12% (p less than 0.001). Sixty-one per cent of 46 alcoholics with CEA values greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l died during the observation period of 5 years, compared with 38% of 63 cases with normal CEA values (p less than 0.05), indicating a possible prognostic value of CEA. Ten patients developed malignancies during the observation period, which is more than three times the expected cancer frequency in this groups. The frequency of malignant disease was not higher in alcoholics with initially elevated CEA than in those with normal values. Thus, CEA seems to be of no value for predicting malignancy in alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A progress report: the investigation of brain tumors at the Texas Division of Dow Chemical.

During the six-month period since this investigation was initiated, an increased risk of death due to brain tumor was linked with employment at the Texas Division of Dow Chemical by the results of a case-control study based on county death certificates. Specifically, the county-based case-control study yielded an odds ratio of 2.54 with a 90% confidence interval of the odds ratio extending from 1.23 to 6.80. Additional investigations were initiated which resulted in the ascertainment of 25 brain tumor deaths among former Dow employees. Of these cases, 84% were initially employed between 1940 and 1946 and 64% can be described as glioblastomas or astrocytomas grade III and IV. Detailed protocols have been developed for a sample-based cohort study and a series of in-plant case-control studies. The sample-based cohort study is nearing completion and the in-plant case-control studies are anticipated to begin in the near future. The study design serving as the framework of this investigation represents a modest departure from the traditional epidemiologic study designs. This sample-based approach was designed to circumvent or minimize the usual problems associated with the use of massive collections of data that have been partially automated, if at all. The anticipated benefits will be conservation of limited staff resources and a reduction of the time necessary to complete a large-scale epidemiologic investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary liver carcinoma, metastatic liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GT) were determined in three groups of patients: 21 with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), 106 with metastatic liver disease, and 110 with various degrees of alcoholic liver diseases. AFP was elevated in 12 out of 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma but in none of 7 with cholangiocarcinoma. CEA was elevated in 8 of 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma and in 5 of 7 with cholangiocarcinoma. In metastatic liver disease, 83% had elevated CEA greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l, 50% having CEA levels greater than 20 micrograms/l. AFP was moderately elevated in 26% of the patients, the values being less than 100 micrograms/l in all but one. In patients with alcoholic liver disease, 31% had elevated CEA levels greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l; one of these had an extremely high value of 245 micrograms/l. AFP was moderately elevated to less than 100 micrograms/l in only 9%. CEA is a sensitive indicator of metastases: a value above 20 micrograms/l is almost always associated with malignancy. However, the presence of alcoholic liver diseases must be considered in evaluating patients with increased CEA levels. AFP and CEA seemed to be of value in differentiation between primary and secondary liver carcinoma. ALP and GT are also relatively sensitive indicators of malignant liver disease, but they are more unspecific than AFP and CEA.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1981

Mapping by gene dosage, using aneuploid human lymphoid cell lines.

Human lymphoblastoid cell lines evolve in vitro by the emergence of successive waves of clones which are often chromosomally marked. This offers the opportunity to compare tissue samples of the same genetic origin but differing in certain defined parts of the karyotype. Using selected sets of lines in which the members of genetically matched pairs differed in the number of copies of 8p or of 12p, levels of GSR and LDH B respectively have been shown to correlate with the specific chromosome aberrations, supporting existing data on the regional assignment of these two structural loci. This approach represents a useful addition to established methods for human gene mapping.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1980

Acute epiglottitis in an adult.

A 33-year old man developed acute epiglottitis of sudden onset which resulted in severe respiratory distress. A small endotracheal tube was passed as an emergency procedure. Respiratory arrest developed after he pulled it out 12 hr later. Subsequent progress was satisfactory following endotracheal intubation and treatment with ampicillin and hydrocortisone. Blood cultures grew Haemophilus influenzae.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

HLA antigens in alcoholics, with special reference to alcoholic cirrhosis.

HLA antigen determination showed that the frequency of HLA-B40 was significantly increased (49%) in 43 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, compared with the frequency found in 234 healthy blood donors (18%). The HLA-B40 frequency was not increased in three other patient groups: 36 patients with alcoholic liver disease without cirrhosis (14%), 21 patients with miscellaneous liver disease (24%), and 26 alcoholics without liver disease (24%). We could not confirm the previously reported association between advanced alcoholic liver damage and HLA-B8, which has been taken as support for the relation to autoimmune mechanisms. The association with HLA-B40, however, favours the idea that genetically determined individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver cirrhosis may exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Identify super donors through direct mail.

Landing donors who are willing to make a planned gift is a difficult task if not all of the avenues of fund raising are uncovered. One of the most effective means to target your "super donors" is through an adequate program in direct mail.

Financial Management↗
PubMed1979

Five-year follow-up of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass.

Two hundred eighty-two patients who underwent coronary artery bypass operation between January, 1971, and July, 1972, were followed until the time of death or for 5 years after operation. The angina-free status progressively decreased during the period of follow-up but at 5 years 57% of the survivors were free from angina. The total (early and late) incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction was 3.3 per 100 patient years of follow-up. Nine (3.2%) of the patients had a repeat coronary artery bypass operation within the first 5 postoperative years. The overall 5-year survival was 86.9%. The expected 5-year survival of the general population, matched by sex and age, is 90.7%. Five-year survival was 97% for single-vessel disease, 87% for double-vessel disease, and 85% for triple-vessel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with alcoholic liver diseases.

The mean plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was found to be significantly increased in 66 patients with alcoholic liver disease (4.4 micrograms/1) compared with the mean CEA level in 164 healthy blood donors (1.6 micrograms/1, p less than 0.001). Eighteen of the patients (27%) had values above our upper normal values of 5 micrograms/1, compared with 3 of 41 (7%) in a group of patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases. On the other hand, the mean CEA values in the two groups did not differ significantly. The CEA level remained unchanged in patients who continued drinking. However, in 20 patients who stopped drinking, the mean CEA levels dropped significantly from 6.6 micrograms/1 to 3.7 micrograms/1. Concomitant fluctuations were seen in CEA, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), asparate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alkaline phosphatase, although a significant correlation was found only between CEA level and the level of gamma-GT (r = 0.32, p less than 0.02). The correlation between CEA and gamma-GT was best in 41 patients without complicating disorders (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). CEA was significantly increased in patients with complicating disorders. Much of the increase of CEA in many patients with alcoholic liver disease might be secondary to complicating disorders in the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tracts. This could possible explain why patients with alcoholic liver disease more often than other patients with benign diseases have elevated CEA.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Molecular and cellular aspects of facultative delayed implantation in the mouse.

Various aspects of RNA, DNA and protein synthesis, as well as cellular fine structure, were examined in mouse embryos during the developmental diapause associated with delayed implantation, and during the reactivation of the embryo either by hormonal administration or by culture in vitro. The findings from these studies demonstrate that a cessation of DNA synthesis and mitosis, and a marked decline in the level of protein synthesis, but not of RNA synthesis, accompany diapause. Reactivation of the blastocyst results in the resumption of DNA synthesis and cell division, as well as in quantitative and qualitative changes in protein synthesis. At the fine-structural level diapause is indicated by the accumulation of lipid-like vacuoles, microfilaments, a basal lamina coating trophectodermal cells and the disassembly of polysomes into ribosomes. Significantly, nucleolar morphology remains unaltered during diapause and cisternae of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum persist at least for the first five days of delay. Reactivation of diapausing blastocysts is associated with the reassembly of polysomes and the accumulation of large quantities of an amorphous material within the cisternae of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Studies of blastocyst growth and development in vitro suggest experimental approaches to the question of the regulation delayed implantation. Finally, the role of ionic balances and concentrations in the control of the onset, maintenance and termination of delayed implantation in the mouse is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The influence of vasodilatators on intraocular pressure and blood pressure (author's transl)].

The influence of different vasodilatators on blood pressure and intraocular pressure has been tested in animal experiments. For that purpose substances with alphasympathicolytic effect (Hydergin, Trental) have been tested as well as substances which are of direct influence on the muscles. In all cases a decrease of the blood pressure was noticed. Furthermore in most of the cases an increase of the intraocular pressure could be seen. This is due to a direct dilatation of ocular vessels. The effects were short-lived and reversible. We tried to find an explanation for the variations of intraocular pressure during the decrease of blood pressure. The low transmural pressure (PTM) and the corresponding low starting point of the muscle tonus seemed to be responsible for this phenomenon. Without doubt the starting point of the blood pressure, the dose, and the cardiac ability for compensation are of great influence in the development of the curve. Only a sufficiently high blood pressure is able to dilate the ocular vessels, so that one has to draw therapeutic conclusions from the constellation blood pressure/intraocular pressure before deciding on treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Photochemical conversion of sugar dimethylthiocarbamates into deoxy sugars.

Protected sugar derivatives having one free hydroxyl group may be deoxygenated at the alcoholic position by ultraviolet irradiation of the corresponding dimethylthiocarbamic esters; a concomitant process leads also to the original alcohol. Thus, on photolysis, the 6-dimethylthiocarbamate (1) of 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranose (3) gives 6-deoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranose (2) together with 3. Likewise, the 4-dimethylthiocarbamate (6) of 1,6-anhydro-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-mannopyranose (8) gives a mixture of the 4-deoxy derivative 7 and the alcohol 8. 3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribo-hexofuranose (10) was obtained by irradiation of 3-O-(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose (9), and was accompanied by 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose (11). The 3-deoxy-3-iodo analog (14) of 11 underwent conversion into 10 by photolysis, and the deoxy sugar 10 was also prepared from 3,3'-dithiobis(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose) (12) by the action of Raney nickel. Photolysis of the 2-dimethylthiocarbamate (16) of methyl 3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-arabinopyranoside (18 gave the 2-deoxy derivative (17), together with the parent alcohol 18, and the same pair of products was obtained by the action of tributylstannane on the 2-(methylthio)thiocarbonyl derivative (19) of 18, although the dimethylthiocarbamate 16 was unreactive toward tributylstannane.

Arabinose↗
PubMed1975

Oxygen uptake/heart rate relationship in leg and arm exercise, sitting and standing.

The effect of leg exercise and of arm exercise in sitting and standing body positions on energy output and on some cardiorespiratory parameters was studied in seven male subjects. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (fH), pulmonary ventilation (VE) and respiratory frequency were measured at rest, in the 7-8th min of submaximal work (300, 600, 900 kpm/min), and at maximal effort. Significantly higher Vo2, fH, and VE in arm cranking than in cycling were found at submaximal work loads above 300 kpm/min. Though the maximal work load in arm exercise was 50-60% of that in cycling, Vo2 in arm work was at maximal effort only 22% lower than in leg exercise while the difference in fH was insignificant. No differences were found in arm work between the results obtained at any work level in sitting and standing body positions. The only postural difference in arm work was a 13% higher work load achieved at maximal effort when standing than when sitting. Differences in fH between arm and leg exercise were much smaller for the same Vo2 than for the same work load and were time dependent. While fH quickly leveled off in leg exercise, fH in arm cranking rose steadily during the first 6 min of work which created the fH differences observed in the 7-8 min of submaximal arm arm and leg exercise. At submaximal work levels a tendency to synchronize the respiratory frequency with the frequency of the rotatory movements was more apparent in arm cranking than in cycling.

Adult↗