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Biomedical subjects

H Begleiter

Publications and source records attributed to H Begleiter.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The N2 component of the event-related potential in schizophrenic patients.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) to easy and difficult infrequent visual target stimuli were recorded in unmedicated schizophrenic patients and age-matched controls. N2 difference wave forms were computed by subtracting the ERP to a frequent non-target stimulus from the ERP to each target. The N2 component was identified in these difference wave forms. All subjects showed longer latency N2 and P3 peaks to the difficult target than to the easy target. Schizophrenic patients had longer latency N2 peaks than controls to both targets. Schizophrenic patients also showed reduced P3 amplitudes to both targets compared to controls. The prolonged N2 latency in schizophrenics accounts for a substantial portion of the delayed reaction time commonly observed in this group. N2 latency prolongation appears to be yet another evoked potential abnormality in schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Auditory brainstem potentials in sons of alcoholic fathers.

With the use of event-related brain potentials we have observed sensory as well as cognitive deficits in abstinent alcoholics. By recording auditory brainstem potentials (BSP) from abstinent alcoholics we demonstrated significant delays in brainstem transmission time. We have also reported that P3 amplitudes are significantly reduced in abstinent alcoholics compared to control subjects. Although the neurophysiological deficits observed in abstinent alcoholics are presumed to be alcohol-related effects, it is possible that some of these deficits may exist prior to alcohol exposure, and may be present in subjects at high risk for alcoholism. We have recently observed significantly reduced P3 components in young sons of alcoholics similar to those observed in abstinent alcoholics. In the present study, we examined auditory BSPs in young boys at high risk for alcoholism and matched controls. We found no statistically significant difference in brainstem transmission time between high risk individuals and matched control subjects. These findings suggest that while some brain deficits observed in abstinent alcoholics may antecede the development of alcoholism (P3) and may represent a predisposing factor, other deficits (BSP) appear to be the consequence of alcohol and/or nutritional-related effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spectral methods for principal components analysis of event-related brain potentials.

Principal components analysis has been a widely used method for the analysis of event-related, electrical brain potentials (ERPs). Recent emphasis has been placed on measuring the topography of ERPs, as derived from the instantaneous measurements from multiple locations, and on defining diagnostic differences in ERPs among various clinical populations. One goal of the present paper is to discuss inherent difficulties in utilizing PCA as an analytical technique in multiple location and multiple group studies. Another goal is to demonstrate the utility of spectral analysis and its equivalency to PCA when the signal imbedded in stationary noise model is used. Spectral analysis readily permits analysis of multiple lead multiple group studies.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Event-related brain potentials in boys at risk for alcoholism.

Recent neurophysiological findings have demonstrated that abstinent chronic alcoholics manifest deficits in event-related brain potentials. To explore possible biological antecedents of alcoholism the present study examined boys at high risk for alcoholism. Event-related brain potentials were recorded from biological sons of alcoholic fathers and matched control boys. Differences in the P3 component of the potentials were obtained between the high-risk and control subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Multivariate time series discrimination in the spectral domain.

Multivariate time series discrimination for evoked potentials from two cognitively different populations is discussed. A method for constructing linear and quadratic discriminant functions in the spectral domain using a stepwise frequency selection procedure is described and applied. Further, the effects of rank transformations on the estimated nonerror rates are examined. Finally, the validity of the signal plus stationary noise model (SSN) is examined. The performance of the SSN model is compared with the performance of a model (SNN) which consists of a signal plus nonstationary noise and a model (Mix) which consists of mixtures of subpopulations.

Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
PubMed1983

Event-related brain potentials to high-incentive stimuli in unmedicated schizophrenic patients.

Schizophrenic patients have been observed to have a significantly diminished P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP). We investigated whether this result would be obtained with high-incentive stimuli. We presented 14 unmedicated patients and 14 controls with two easily identified visual stimuli under three conditions: (i) a nonincentive condition, (ii) under the condition of $1 payment for each correct identification, and (iii) under the condition of $1 payment for each correct identification within a criterion time. The patients responded accurately but showed a significantly reduced P300 in the incentive conditions. We interpret our results as neurophysiological evidence for possible limbic system dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Auditory brainstem potentials in chronic alcoholics.

Auditory brainstem potentials were recorded from abstinent chronic alcoholics and control subjects. The latencies of peaks II, III, IV, and V were significantly delayed in the alcoholic patients compared to control subjects. Brainstem transmission time was longer in alcoholics than in controls. This study provides systematic evidence that chronic alcohol abuse results in brainstem deficits suggesting possible demyelination of auditory tracts.

Adult↗