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Biomedical subjects

H Baumann

Publications and source records attributed to H Baumann.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Phorbol ester modulates interleukin 6- and interleukin 1-regulated expression of acute phase plasma proteins in hepatoma cells.

Interleukin 6 (IL 6) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) regulate the expression of acute phase plasma proteins in rat and human hepatoma cells. Phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), partially mimics the stimulatory effect of IL-6 but reduces that effect of IL-1. TPA and IL-6 act synergistically. These regulatory properties of TPA are also manifested in HepG2 cells transiently transfected with an indicator gene construct carrying the IL-1/IL-6 regulatory enhancer element of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene. IL-6 and IL-1 act independently of TPA-inducible kinase C, and of changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. However, prolonged pretreatment of HepG2 cells with TPA results in a drastically reduced cytokine response that is proportional to the loss of cell surface binding activity for the cytokine. These data suggest that hormones activating protein kinase C probably play a contributing role in stimulating the expression of acute phase plasma protein genes but they may be crucial in controlling the responsiveness of liver cells to inflammatory cytokines during subsequent stages of the hepatic acute phase reaction.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Tissue- and species-specific regulation of murine alpha 1-antitrypsin gene transcription.

Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that the tissue specificity of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) expression differs among closely related mouse species. In laboratory mice (Mus domesticus), AT mRNA is found almost exclusively in the liver. In the wild-derived species Mus caroli, the mRNA is expressed not only in the liver but also in the kidney, where it is regulated by androgens during post-natal development. We presently show that the tissue specificity, the species specificity, and the developmental regulation of AT mRNA levels correlate with the transcription rate of the AT gene, as measured by nuclear run-on assays. During the course of these experiments, we found that some AT-specific probes are complementary to constitutively synthesized RNAs that do not accumulate and that are unrelated to functional AT mRNA expression. These RNAs, which result from both sense and anti-sense transcription, may derive from aberrant initiation events within certain regions of the AT gene.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[Pregnancy and delivery in a mother with Ebstein's anomaly].

Ebstein's anomaly is characterized by abnormalities both in the basal and in the free attachments of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve. Fairly frequently the developmental defect is associated with a WPW syndrome (Type B). The main obstetric problems arise from tachyarrhythmias. Since tachycardias in these patients are due to physical stress, correct planning of delivery calls for lightening of the hemodynamic burden of labor, careful analysis of the cardiac status, meticulous preparation for optimum antiarrhythmic therapy and correct timing for induction of labor. The case of a young primipara with Ebstein's anomaly is presented to typify the need for cooperation of subspecialities.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral blood flow velocity waveforms in hydrocephalic fetuses.

Pulsed Doppler recordings of intracranial arterial velocity waveforms were made in 9 hydrocephalic fetuses during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Normal, increased, and decreased velocity waveform indices could be measured in these cases, and 1 fetus presented retrograde diastolic flow. Cerebral blood flow patterns of hydrocephalic fetuses seem to differ individually from case to case, presenting no uniform waveform type in late pregnancy. There was no obvious correlation between ventricular dilatation and the type of the velocity waveform.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed1988

[Modification of the risk profile of obese essential hypertensive patients by the group "hypertension discussion" program].

The programme "Discussions on Hypertension" is a programme for group treatment of obese essential hypertensives in medical practices on the basis of behavioural therapy. A co-operation model was developed between the Department for General Medicine of the "Medizinische Hochschule Hannover", the Institute for Medical Psychology of the "Philipps-Universität Marburg" and the company Galenus Mannheim and was offered to doctors in general practice. The effects of the programme on the modifying of the risk profile for coronary heart disease was investigated in a controlled study in 137 patients by nine general practitioners. 81 patients were enrolled in the experimental group and 56 patients were assigned to a control group that was not using the programme. The experimental and control groups were comparable with respect to sociodemographic, psychological and medical parameters. Three months after completing the programme, the results of the study was shown in specific effect both on the psychological criteria of success (well-being, health knowledge, healthy behaviour, salt use and compliance) and in a reduction of the diastolic blood pressure in spite of a reduction of the antihypertensive drug treatment. The blood lipid levels (cholesterol and triglycerides) and the blood glucose level were also favourably affected. Patients in the experimental group had reduced their weight by an average of 5.6 kg. The patients in the control group only by 0.8 kg. Overall, there was a marked reduction in the proportion of patients with several risk factors in the experimental group, so that the programme can be attributed a preventive effect.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1988

Blood flow velocity waveforms in large maternal and uterine vessels throughout pregnancy and postpartum: a longitudinal study using Duplex sonography.

Blood flow velocity waveforms in large maternal and uterine vessels were measured longitudinally from 16 weeks gestation onwards until 12 weeks postpartum in 21 singleton pregnancies by duplex sonography. In the maternal carotid artery, time average mean velocity (TAVmean) did not show significant changes. In both the femoral artery and vein, however, significant changes were observed. In the femoral artery, TAVmean and systolic maximum velocities decreased with advancing gestation. In the femoral vein, TAVmean remained constant throughout pregnancy and was lower than postpartum. The resistance index in the uterine arteries decreased with advancing gestation and increased after delivery. Among many factors contributing to femoral arterial blood flow velocity changes in pregnancy, we suggest that a major one is the increase in uterine blood flow. Reduction in venous femoral blood flow velocity and increase in the femoral vein diameter might be associated with the common occurrence of venous disorders in pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hepatocyte-stimulating factor, beta 2 interferon, and interleukin-1 enhance expression of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene via a distal upstream regulatory region.

The rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene is transcriptionally regulated by dexamethasone, interleukin 1 (IL-1), hepatocyte-stimulating factor, and beta 2 interferon. The steroid and peptide hormones stimulate expression of the AGP gene synergistically as well as independently. The regulatory sequence responsible for dexamethasone-stimulated expression has been localized previously to a region that is 120 to 64 base pairs (bp) upstream of the transcription start site (H. Baumann and L. E. Maquat, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2551-2561, 1986). To identify the regulatory sequence that is responsive to the peptide hormones, different lengths of the AGP gene 5'-flanking DNA were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and then assayed for hormone-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression in transiently transfected HepG2 cells. We demonstrate that an enhancer region that is responsive to IL-1, hepatocyte-stimulating factor, and beta 2 interferon lies within a 142-bp sequence located 5,300 to 5,150 bp upstream of the transcription start site. This distal regulatory region can confer hormone inducibility to a heterologous promoter; exert its affect in either orientation; and function, to a lesser degree, in nonhepatic but IL-1-responsive cells.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Prenatal ultrasonographic findings in extralobar subdiaphragmatic lung sequestration--a case report.

We present the prenatal ultrasonographic findings of an echo-dense solid mass above the normal left kidney and below the diaphragm. This mass was diagnosed as extralobar lung sequestration (ELS) at laparotomy of the child. ELS (or accessory lungs) is a rare congenital abnormality defined as a lung segment outside a normal lung, usually localized in the left lower thorax. A subdiaphragmatic localization is rare. The prognosis depends upon both the presence (as found in over 50% of reported cases) and severity of additional congenital anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Regulation of acute phase protein genes by hepatocyte-stimulating factors, monokines and glucocorticoids.

The synthesis of all the major acute phase plasma proteins is stimulated in rat hepatoma and primary cultures of hepatocytes by three, structurally and functionally distinct groups of hormones: 1) hepatocyte-stimulating factors (HSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); 2) interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); and 3) glucocorticoids. Each plasma protein gene requires a specific combination of these 3 hormone types for maximal expression. One set of acute phase proteins, including alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin ( = contrapsin), cysteine protease inhibitor ( = thiostatin), alpha 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogens are predominantly regulated by the keratinocyte-derived HSF-III/-II or IL-6, while a second set of proteins, including alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin and complement C3 are predominantly regulated by keratinocyte-derived HSF-I, IL-1 or TNF. In conjunction with the above peptide hormones, glucocorticoids synergistically enhance the stimulated expression of most, but not all, acute phase proteins. An exceptionally strong synergy between HSF (or IL-6), IL-1 and glucocorticoids is noted for the activation of the AGP gene. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of regulation, we have identified the cis-acting genetic elements through which all these hormones control the transcriptional activity of the AGP gene. It appears that acute phase activates a specific nuclear binding protein in the rat liver that interacts with the peptide hormone responsive element located 5 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Postpartum blood flow velocity waveforms of the uterine arteries.

Uterine arterial velocity waveforms, recorded by pulsed Doppler technology, demonstrated a significant increase in vascular resistance after the first postpartum day until the fourth to sixth postpartum week. In patients with an isthmic postcesarean hemorrhage, partial placental retention and puerperal endometritis, the corresponding waveforms presented higher diastolic velocity components than was the case for normal puerperal courses, indicating that lower uterine vascular resistance might be associated with these complications.

Arteries↗
PubMed1988

[Anesthesiologic management of cesarean section in a patient with transposition of the great vessels].

The maternal mortality associated with cesarean section in the presence of congenital cyanotic heart disease is high. We report the anesthetic management of a 26-year-old pregnant patient with transposition of the great vessels and a functional single ventricle whose child was delivered by elective cesarean section under continuous epidural anesthesia. There were no hemodynamic problems and the outcome was successful for both mother and child, who could be discharged from the hospital on the 17th postoperative day. Elective cesarean section may be an acceptable method of delivery, and lumbar epidural block proved to be an appropriate procedure for this patient. The cooperation of cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and obstetricians was necessary to assure maternal and fetal survival. Continuous invasive hemodynamic monitoring and use of small epidural top-up doses (2-3 ml) of local anesthetic were of utmost importance in maintaining the hemodynamic stability.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interaction among hepatocyte-stimulating factors, interleukin 1, and glucocorticoids for regulation of acute phase plasma proteins in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells.

Human hepatoma (HepG2) cells respond to unfractionated conditioned media of human squamous carcinoma (COLO-16) cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes by increasing the synthesis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, complement C3, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and fibrinogen, while decreasing the synthesis of albumin. The regulation of the acute phase proteins is mediated by hepatocyte-stimulating factors (HSF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) present in the conditioned medium. Purified HSF-I from COLO-16 cells stimulates preferentially alpha 1-acid glycoprotein synthesis, whereas COLO-HSF-II stimulates preferentially the synthesis of haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and alpha 1-antitrypsin. HSF from monocytes, which has been identified as interferon-beta 2 (B cell stimulating factor-2), displayed the same activity as COLO-HSF-II. Dexamethasone alone had no effect on acute phase plasma protein synthesis but enhanced the response to various HSF severalfold. IL-1 had a relatively low stimulatory activity on the synthesis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin but strongly reduced the basal expression of fibrinogen. The only synergistic action between IL-1 and HSF (or interferon-beta 2) was noted for the synthesis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Tumor necrosis factor active on other hepatic cells failed to modulate significantly the expression of any plasma proteins in HepG2 cells. These studies showed that for an optimal HepG2-cell response a combination of HSF (or interferon-beta 2), IL-1, and dexamethasone is needed. This finding might indicate the identity of some of those hormones involved in regulation of the hepatic acute phase response in vivo.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Developmental expression, cellular localization, and testosterone regulation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in Mus caroli kidney.

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1-protease inhibitor), an essential plasma protein, is synthesized predominantly in the liver of all mammals. We have previously shown that Mus caroli, a Southeast Asian mouse species is exceptional in that it expresses abundantly alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA and polypeptide, in the kidney as well as the liver (Berger, F.G., and Baumann, H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 1160-1165) providing a unique model for examination of the evolution of genetic determinants of tissue-specific gene expression. In the present paper, we have further characterized alpha 1-antitrypsin expression in M. caroli. The extrahepatic expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin is limited to the kidney, specifically within a subset of the proximal tubule cells. The developmental pattern of alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA expression in the kidney differs from that in the liver. In the kidney, alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA is present at only 2-4% adult level at birth and increases very rapidly to adult level during puberty between 26 and 36 days of age. There are no significant changes in liver alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA levels during this period. Testosterone, while having only modest affects on alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA accumulation in the adult kidney, causes a 20-fold induction of the mRNA in the pre-pubertal kidney. This suggests that the increase in alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA expression during puberty is testosterone mediated. Southern blot analyses of Mus domesticus and M. caroli genomic DNA and a cloned M. caroli alpha 1-antitrypsin genomic sequence, indicate that a single alpha 1-antitrypsin gene exists in M. caroli, whereas multiple copies exist in M. domesticus. These data show that the alteration in tissue specificity of alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA accumulation that has occurred during Mus evolution is associated with distinctive developmental and hormonally regulated expression patterns.

Animals↗