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Biomedical subjects

H Barth

Publications and source records attributed to H Barth.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Pathologico-anatomic studies in the area of the vertebral artery with special reference to perivascular connective tissue].

On the basis of pathological-anatomical examinations of 25 human cervical vertebral columns a report is given on changes of the perivascular tissue in the region of the Aa. vertebralis. The possible influence of degenerative changes in the skeleton of the cervical vertebral column on this connective tissue reaction is discussed. For a verification of the findings obtained comparative clinical-anatomical examinations are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical investigation on the development of dependence during oral therapy with tramadol.

In a multicenter study 153 in- and outpatients suffering from severe pain were treated for three weeks with capsules containing 50 mg 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol, Tramal). The daily dosage was limited to 400 mg. At the end of the third week the patients received in a randomized double-blind manner 1.6 mg naloxone or saline (both i.m.) to evaluate the risk of developing dependence during the 3-week tramadol treatment (precipitation test). A total of 109 patients completed the trial. Development of tolerance was not observed as was evident from a constant daily tramadol dose associated with constant analgesia. The median net withdrawal scores for the naloxone treated group (mean = 0, Xmin = 0, Xmax = 13) and for the saline treated group (mean = 0, Xmin = 0, Xmax = 5) indicate absence of dependence. The outcome of the study thus suggests that tramadol under the conditions described does not induce dependence.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Histamine content, diamine oxidase activity and histamine methyltransferase activity in human tissues: fact or fictions?

To understand the role of histamine in the aetiology and pathogenesis of human diseases reliable data are urgently needed for the histamine content and for the activities of histamine-forming and -inactivating enzymes in human tissues. In order to make a substantial progress toward this aim a tissue-sampling programme during surgical interventions was carefully conceived and conducted. From March 1982 until January 1983 106 tissue specimens were taken from 56 patients who underwent surgery. Only healthy tissues, not injured or oedematous, and without adherent structures were taken by only one surgeon who was interested in this research and experienced in tissue preparation procedures in biochemistry. The times of 'warm' ischaemia during the operative procedures were visually estimated, the times between resection of the organs or specimens and deep-freezing of the tissues were precisely recorded. Compared to previous work in the literature and especially to our own work using the same assays for determination higher histamine contents were found in this study in most of the tissues, in particular in the gastrointestinal tract. Also the diamine oxidase activities were considerably higher in many organs, e.g. 3-4 times higher in the gastrointestinal tract when compared with those in publications of our group who used always the same analytical test. However, the histamine methyltransferase activities in this study were not at variance to those determined in previous investigations. Many of them were reported in this communication for the first time. Since the methods for histamine determination and those for measuring enzymic activities were not different in this study and in previous communications of our group we are convinced that the optimized tissue-sampling and -preparation techniques were responsible for the higher values in this communication. But the problem of the 'warm' ischaemia period could not be solved by sample-taking procedures of this type during operations. There are good reasons to prefer biopsy specimens for the analysis of histamine storage and metabolism in human tissues in health and disease, but - unfortunately - they are not always available.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gastric histamine methyltransferase: different methylation rates for enantiomers of side-chain methylated histamine analogues using a highly purified enzyme preparation.

The inhibitor/activator and substrate properties of enantiomers of two methylated histamines (MH) were investigated using a histamine methyltransferase preparation which was purified 1207-fold from pig fundic mucosa by ultracentrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and preparative electrofocusing. In 1-100 microM concentrations, S-alpha-MH and R-alpha-MH were acceptor substrates as good as histamine itself. When substrate concentrations were increased to 1 mM these substances were methylated to an even greater extent than histamine, since they did not exert substrate inhibition on HMT. Introduction of a further methyl-group into the N alpha-position reduced acceptor substrate properties drastically. A difference in methylation was then seen since R-alpha,N alpha-DMH was a better substrate than S-alpha,N alpha-DMH. Whereas alpha-MH's could not activate HMT the alpha,N alpha-DMH's did. The poorer the substrate affinity of the investigated substances was, the better they were able to activate HMT.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Computer-assisted monitoring in intensive care].

Computerized intensive care in children and infants is possible. But it requires: 1. a modification and extension of the commercially available soft-ware, 2. a sampling rate of 2 values/min or more [7,8] and 3. the noninvasive measurement of the parameters, especially for long-time recordings. - The graphical presentation of the parameters for a longer time shows typical patterns, which lead to an earlier recognition of critical situations. Thus earlier therapy becomes possible. Other characteristic patterns no doubt will be discovered by further research.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1984

[Combination of ventricular septal defect with unilateral pulmonary artery stenoses and contralateral pulmonary hypertension].

The clinical features and hemodynamics of the triad ventricular septal defect, unilateral stenoses of the pulmonary artery and contralateral pulmonary hypertension are illustrated by means of 2 case histories. At the time of cardiac catheterization the discovery of severe pulmonary vascular disease of the left lung with inoperable multiple peripheral stenoses of the right pulmonary artery in the first patient, a 4-year old girl, meant that corrective surgery could no longer be undertaken. The second patient, a 10-month old infant with embryofetal alcohol syndrome, suffered from peripheral and two central stenoses of the right pulmonary artery with a total systolic pressure gradient of 62 mm Hg. In our opinion, if the contralateral pulmonary vascular bed has to cope largely single-handed with the increased cardiac output of the right ventricle as a result of additional unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis, the hemodynamic impact of a ventricular septal defect is considerably increased and the development of pulmonary vascular disease accelerated. Since there are strong indications that unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis has more than a mere mechanical effect causing regulative (humorally?, neurogenically?) pulmonary hypertension due also to increased resistance, we are in favour of early closure of the ventricular septal defect and additionally, if technically possible, of an angioplasty or a bypass operation of the stenosis. Since, to the best of our knowledge, an association between proved pulmonary artery stenoses and embryofetal alcohol syndrome has not yet been reported, we feel that our findings are worth sharing.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Problems of contraception in teenage girls].

930 female teenagers of 17 years were questioned to their knowledge of contraceptive methods and its use. Nearly 63,6% of the female teenagers with experiences of cohabitation practised no contraception. There is the demand of an increasing attention of contraception under the frame of sexual education of the youth; it's the main point.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Metabolism and function of gastric histamine in health and disease.

Histamine is not uniformly distributed in the human and animal organisms, but occurs in high concentrations in the gastric mucosa. The enzymes responsible for its metabolism--histidine decarboxylase, histamine N-methyltransferase and diamine oxidase--seem to be less predominantly localized in the stomach. Considerable effort was necessary to detect and measure histamine formation in the gastric mucosa. This was a controversial subject that only was solved recently. Histamine inactivation by histamine methyltransferase occurs in man in the fundic gastric mucosa that has reasonable enzymic activity. However, liver, spleen and intestine show much higher activities indicating less specificity of histamine catabolism in the gastric mucosa. Finally, diamine oxidase activity was once thought to be absent in the corpus mucosa, but more recently, moderate activities of this enzyme were found in several species, including man. Thus, histamine metabolism in the gastric mucosa is by no means unique in mammalian tissues, but the presence of these enzymes may be regarded as an indicator of its physiological function. To some extent enzymic activities involved in histamine formation and inactivation are regulated in the process of acid secretion. Histidine decarboxylase and histamine N-methyltransferase activities are enhanced by gastrin, but are not influenced by vagal stimulation. Hitherto, only histamine methylation was found to be diminished in duodenal ulcer disease. Vagotomy and histamine H2-receptor antagonists modulate histamine catabolism by histamine methyltransferase. The implication of these findings for treatment of duodenal ulcer are discussed.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1982

Assay and identification of histamine in human gastric aspirate by a fluorometric--fluoroenzymatic technique. Its application in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer.

Histamine assays can be unreliable in individual subjects or samples even though the particular method is in general working very well. Therefore the specificity and accuracy of histamine determination in the gastric aspirate of individual duodenal ulcer patients was thoroughly examined and shown to be satisfactory. Pitfalls of the fluorometric assay were investigated. A native (non-histamine) fluorescence in gastric aspirate which occurs before the addition of OPT was not removed by the original Shore procedure. In the combined assay (Dowex 50 + butanol extraction) this fluorescence no longer interferes with the assay. For the identification of histamine in a single gastric aspirate of an individual duodenal ulcer patient, the reversed blank (3 M HCl added to the reaction mixture before OPT instead after OPT), excitation and fluorescence spectra, the heating test with spectra recorded and the HMT test were found to be reliable. The formaldehyde test and the heating test without recording the spectra were useless since they gave false negative results. Since the HMT test was regarded as a reference method it was thoroughly investigated both by theoretical considerations (enzyme kinetics) and by a series of measurements in a single patient as well as in a group of nine subjects. Samples from the period of peak acid output in response to pentagastrin showed an average histamine concentration of about 8 ng/ml and a histamine output of 1.5 microgram/30 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The need for a specific postoperative, total parenteral nutrition therapy after various intra-abdominal procedures].

119 metabolically healthy surgical patients, who had to undergo elective intraabdominal surgery, were separated into upper -- cholecystectomy, gastric resection -- and lower -- colonic and sigma surgery -- intraabdominal procedures and divided into 8 groups with different infusion regimes. During the early postoperative period patients with upper abdominal surgery had significantly higher postoperative enzyme changes compared with patients with lower abdominal surgery. Patients with cholecystectomy had the significantly highest postoperative enzyme changes. On postoperative day 6 the enzyme changes showed a significant dependence from the duration of total parenteral nutrition, the chosen calorie-nitrogen-ratio, and the chosen energy substrate, xylitol or glucose. We could show a significant negative correlation between the extent of the stimulation of hepatic lipid synthesis and the protein parameters. Of all chosen infusion regimens xylitol in a dose of 0.11 g/kg BW X h together with the high amino acid infusion rate of 1.76 g/kg BW X day had the most favourable effect on the extent of stimulation of hepatic lipid synthesis, the late postoperative enzyme changes and the synthesis rate of visceral proteins. This study could demonstrate, that different intraabdominal surgical procedures need a more specific nutritional therapy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

[Comparison of xylose and glucose as energy sources in hypocaloric, postoperative parenteral nutrition].

After a 5 day preoperative preparing period 24 metabolically healthy patients, who had to undergo gastric resection, were fed postoperatively by hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition for a 5 day period. Group I (n = 13) received 0,11 g Xylitol/kg BW X h; Group II (n = 11) received 0,11 g Glucose/kg BW X h; Both groups received 1,71 g L-crystalline amino acids/kg BW X day. During the whole postoperative period group II had significantly higher serum Glucose and Insulin levels. Due to the high postoperative Insulin concentration in group II. Free Fatty Acids, Acetate, beta-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched Chained Amino Acids were significantly lower. The augmented release of Muscle Amino Acids and the covering of a part of the energy expenditure by increased Fatty Acid oxidation in group I led to a higher postoperative synthesis rate of visceral proteins. From postoperative day 3 on Transferrin and from postoperative day 6 on Albumin and Total Protein were significantly higher in group I. This study could demonstrate, that due to its special role in the intermediary metabolism during the postoperative period Xylitol leads to a significantly higher regeneration rate of visceral proteins compared to Glucose during total parenteral nutrition.

Adult↗