Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Baba.
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Facial nerve schwannoma is rare. Since the first description by Schmid, about 150 cases have been reported mainly in the otological field. The authors recently had a case of facial nerve schwannoma with a marked capsular calcification, extending into the middle cranial fossa. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on June 20, 1986. About 44 years prior to the admission, he noted facial weakness of the right side which gradually progressed. Neurological examination on admission revealed complete right facial paralysis of the peripheral type with loss of taste, right hearing loss, diminution of lacrimal secretion and no reaction to caloric stimulation. Stenvers' view and tomogram of the right temporal bone showed destruction of petrous ridge. CT scan demonstrated bony destruction of the right petrous pyramid and high dense mass lesion, extending into the middle cranial fossa. Peritumoral and intratumoral calcifications, characteristics of facial nerve schwannoma were also noted. Right external carotid angiography demonstrated the tumor was fed by petrous branch of the right middle meningeal artery. On July 11, 1986 right temporal craniotomy and extradural approach to the floor of the petrous portion of the middle cranial fossa were performed. There was an extradural mass which extended to the middle cranial fossa through the destroyed pyramis. The tumor appeared to originate from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve and invaded the inner and middle ear which were almost completely removed. Operative specimen demonstrated that the tumor was a schwannoma. Postoperative hearing test and facial nerve function showed no changes as compared with preoperative findings. Similar case reports with CT findings were reviewed.
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With the purpose of obtaining more potent and less toxic camptothecin (CPT) analogs, we prepared many derivatives of CPT. Among them, 7-ethyl-CPT (SN 22) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-CPT (SN 38) showed strong antitumor activity with less toxicity. They were, however, insoluble and when they were made soluble, their activity was markedly diminished, as a result of cleavage of the delta-lactone ring. We therefore attempted to make soluble derivatives without breaking the delta-lactone ring and obtained 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxy-CPT (CPT-11), which showed very strong antitumor activity by i.p., i.v. or p.o. administration against the ascites type of L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia, sarcoma 180, Meth A fibrosarcoma, B16 melanoma, Ehrlich carcinoma and MH134 hepatoma and the solid type of sarcoma 180, Meth A fibrosarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, C3H/HeN mammary carcinoma, Ehrlich carcinoma and MH134 hepatoma. The antileukemic activity of CPT-11 against L1210 was much higher than that of adriamycin. The acute toxicity of CPT-11 was extremely low, particularly in the case of oral administration, the LD50 being 765.3 mg/kg, 22 times greater than that of CPT-Na.
Two hundred and twenty-three patients who underwent gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma arising from the cardia and upper third part of the stomach were studied with regard to esophageal invasion. One hundred and twenty-seven (57 per cent) had a malignant invasion into the esophagus and 96 (43 per cent) did not. In the curative instances, 52 of 74 patients (70.3 per cent) without esophageal invasion survived for five years, while 14 of 52 patients (26.9 per cent) with esophageal invasion survived: The prognosis of patients with esophageal invasion was poor regardless of the presence or absence of metastases to the lymph nodes. No patient who underwent noncurative resection survived for five years. To elucidate the high risk factors of esophageal invasion, a proportion of patients with esophageal invasion was statistically compared with patients without esophageal invasion, according to clinicopathologic factors. High risk factors included anatomic location, advanced disease and Borrmann IV type in gross appearance, more than 5 centimeters in diameter, positive serosal in filtration and positive metastases to the lymph nodes. Histologic type and mode of invasion did not relate to the esophageal invasion. The patients with high risk factors had a significantly poorer prognosis than did those without high risk factors. The results of the present study clearly show that high risk factors for esophageal invasion have an untoward effect on the rate of curative resection and the prognosis after removal of a lesion from the upper third part of the stomach.
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A 72-year-old female was admitted because of a palpable hard tumor, 15 X 7 cm in size, in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. According to a diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumor, laparotomy was performed, revealing a large tumor extending between the descending colon and the pelvic cavity, which could not be separated from the retroperitoneum, uterus, left ovary, urinary bladder or rectum. A number of metastatic nodules were disseminated to the peritoneum and mesenterium. The pathological diagnosis of the nodules was poorly differentiated carcinoma of transitional cell type, origin unknown. After discharge, oral administration of bestrabucil (100-200 mg/day), the benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate, was given to the patient at an outpatient clinic. The tumor ceased to be palpable when the total amount administered reached at 14 g. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated significant reduction in tumor size. A decrease in the peripheral leukocyte count was observed after every consecutive administration and it took about 2 months to recover to the normal level. No other side effects were observed in this case. Although administration was stopped at a total amount of 16.1 g, reenlargement of the tumor has not been observed for 9 months.
The degrading activity for human parathyroid hormone [hPTH-(1-84)] was studied in a rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line UMR106. At 37 C,UMR106 cells degraded hPTH-(1-84) into fragments in a time-dependent manner, which was shown by a radioimmunoassay with the use of antibody recognizing the C-terminal and middle regions of PTH molecule, whereas the degradation was completely suppressed at 4 C and failed to occur in the absence of the cells. The Lineweaver-Burk plot of this degrading activity at 37 C showed a fairly good linearity and gave a Km value of 5.1 X 10(-7) M. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of immunoreactive PTH fragments in the medium disclosed two peaks aside from intact PTH, indicating a limited PTH-hydrolyzing activity of UMR106 cells cleaving the molecule between at least two separate positions. This study suggests the possible involvement of osteoblasts on the metabolism of intact PTH.
Neutral protease is shown to be present in cell-free human cerebrospinal fluid. Incubation of heated human myelin with CSF at 25 degrees C resulted in a marked reduction of myelin basic protein (MBP) with time. Degradation products appeared at apparent mol wt 14 KDa and 12 KDa on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimal pH of the protease was 7.0. This protease was activated by calcium ion. Degradation of MBP was inhibited by FOY305 (camostat mesilate), Trasylol, and Leupeptin, but not a specific calcium-activated neutral protease inhibitor, E-64-a. FOY305, which is a synthesized specific serine protease inhibitor, was the strongest inhibitor of all. The role of this protease in CSF has not been elucidated. In may be related to the physiological turnover of MBP, and may affect myelin maintenance in pathological conditions such as demyelination.
The ability of crude extracellular enzyme produced by the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans AL7-1 to lyse living cells of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, 10557 and 10558 was examined. This enzyme showed lytic activity of living cells and cell walls of only Strep. sanguis ATCC 10558 strain and severed at random the long chains of this strain of living cells. Early log phase cells of this strain were more sensitive to this lytic enzyme than were late-log phase cells. In view of these results, the relationship between this lytic enzyme from Strep. mutans and a decrease in the number of serotype III strains of Strep. sanguis in dental plaque is discussed.
The existence of cross-antigenicity between myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and natural killer cells has been reported previously. In this study, we have characterized the antigenic determinant on HSB-2 cells which is shared with MAG using two types of mouse monoclonal anti-MAG antibodies, one recognizing the peptide molecule (IgG-P) and the other recognizing the carbohydrate molecule of MAG (IgM-C). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that IgM-C was absorbed by cell homogenate of HSB-2, and some bands were stained by IgM-C on the immunoblot of HSB-2 cell homogenate, while IgG-P was not absorbed by HSB-2 cell homogenate and no band was stained by IgG-P on the immunoblot of HSB-2 cell homogenate. Therefore it is suggested that the shared antigenic determinant between MAG and HSB-2 cells is not in the peptide molecule but in the carbohydrate molecule.
A rapid decrease in the number of tumor cells from S180 tumors was caused by several antitumor polysaccharides including the beta (1-3)glucans lentinan and TAK-N and a mannoglucan MGA, but not by those lacking antitumor activity. MGA was demonstrated to induce potent tumor-regressing activity in the serum of tumor-bearing mice similar to that reported previously to be induced after an injection of CM-TAK, a carboxymethylated beta (1-3)glucan. It is probable that the induction of rapid regression of established tumors is a phenomenon common to antitumor polysaccharides and some microbiological products and that the tumor-regressing factor in the serum underlies a common mechanism.