The HER2 protein, a member of the epidermal growth factor family, is encoded by the protooncogene c-erbB-2. Its overexpression, occurring in approximately one-third of all breast carcinomas, is associated with a poor prognosis. A humanized mouse antibody against HER2 has been developed by genetic engineering. Here an unspecific human IgG was connected to the recognizing mouse IgG fragment. The allergization typical for allogeneic antibodies does not take place in this context. The effectiveness of this antibody has been confirmed by two international prospective phase III trials that tested it alone and combined with chemotherapy. Both modes of application increased the response rates and the time to progression. Side-effects were rare except for a high rate of cardiac dysfunction when the antibody was combined with anthracyclines. The effectiveness and negligible side-effects of the chimeric antibody against HER2 (Herceptin) render it a valuable tool in the treatment of breast cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolism of dexamethasone: sites and activity in mammalian tissues.

We have used in vitro techniques to study the metabolism of dexamethasone. Tissue slices, homogenates and microsomal fractions of various mammalian organs from rats and humans have been used. We focused particularly on the question of whether or not dexamethasone (Dexa) is oxidized at the C11-OH group by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. High activities of this enzyme system for Dexa were localized in renal cortex and rectum. Material from both human and murine liver was ineffective. The main metabolite formed from Dexa in renal and intestinal systems was identified by different mass-spectrometric techniques including on line HPLC mass spectrometry as 11-dehydro-dexamethasone. This finding was corroborated by the observation that both corticosterone and glycyrrhetinic acid block the metabolic transformation of Dexa.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Divorce as a pathogenic factor--a child and adolescent psychiatric study].

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intra-alveolar transplantation of deeply fractured roots after elongation with titanium roots screws.

Teeth with deep transverse or oblique fractures have posed severe challenges for treatment in the past. Today, such teeth can be saved by transplantation within the alveolus. In this pilot study, a technique is described by means of which roots otherwise determined to be too short can be salvaged. Fourteen fractured short roots were extracted carefully, elongated with titanium screws, and subsequently replanted.

Adult↗