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Biomedical subjects

H B Marsden

Publications and source records attributed to H B Marsden.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children.

The results of treatment are reviewed in 18 cases of childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Since 1976 adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and adriamycin has been used in Manchester and Leeds. The outcome is compared in 9 patients treated with radiotherapy alone and 9 patients treated later with both radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Relapse-free survival rates were 0% for those treated with radiotherapy alone and 78% at 13-80 months after diagnosis for those treated with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is concluded that adjuvant chemotherapy improves relapse-free survival in childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a child.

A rare case of a primary early T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the bronchus of a 10 year old boy is presented. Although histological examination of the biopsied material was compatible with the diagnosis of NHL or carcinoma, the use of monoclonal antibodies showed it to be an early T-cell NHL and not carcinoma. Accordingly the child was treated using a chemotherapy protocol of the UKCCG for NHL. The patient responded so well to his treatment regime that within 2 weeks of the initiation of chemotherapy there was re-expansion of the collapsed lobe. Six weeks later bronchoscopy was entirely normal with no evidence of residual tumour and now 15 months after the time of diagnosis he remains very well with normal chest X-ray.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Papillary Wilms' tumour with carcinoma-like foci and renal cell carcinoma in childhood.

Five cases of Wilms' tumour with prominent papillary formation and focal carcinoma-like epithelium are described. The morphology of these tumours is compared with a group of six renal cell carcinomas in childhood. A link between this type of nephroblastoma and renal carcinoma is suggested but pure renal carcinomas are considered to be a separate category. The biological behaviour of the papillary Wilms' tumours was found to be more aggressive than is generally believed. The course of the disease may be influenced by carcinoma-like structures although this fact is not definitely established. Staging seems to be more helpful in such patients as is the case with renal cell carcinomas. Further studies on this type of Wilms' tumour are needed to establish more consistent data.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1985

Mesoblastic nephroma contains fibronectin but lacks laminin.

Non-metastatic mesoblastic nephromas from four young children were shown to contain fibronectin but not laminin using an immunoperoxidase staining procedure. In contrast, one metastasising spindle celled sarcomatous tumour from a neonate was laminin positive. During embryogenesis primitive nephrogenic mesenchyme contains only fibronectin and no laminin; metanephric blastema (permanent kidney) is positive for laminin. The staining for fibronectin and laminin may help to ascertain the histogenesis of different types of renal tumour.

Female↗
PubMed1984

A scoring system for Wilms' tumour: pathological study of the second Medical Research Council (MRC) trial.

The second MRC nephroblastoma trial was devised to determine whether more intensive chemotherapy in the early stages and multiple chemotherapy in the poorer prognosis groups would give improved results. As a separate study the pathological and clinical aspects were assessed to see whether information may be obtained concerning the behaviour of individual tumours of the 159 cases included, 142 were regarded as nephroblastoma. Significant features were the age of the patient, clinical stage at diagnosis, tubular status of the neoplasm and the presence or absence of anaplasia. A scoring system has been devised to take account of these factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Steroid biochemistry of virilising adrenal tumours in childhood.

Steroid excretion in urine of 12 infants with virilising adrenal tumours has been determined using gas chromatography. In six children, (Group A, five female, one male) aged 2.8-5.3 years, very high urinary excretions of 17 oxosteroids (greater than 40 mumol/24 h) were largely accounted for by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In one of the girls, the pattern of steroids excreted in urine was similar to that of newborn infants, with high excretions of 16-oxygenated derivatives of DHA. The histology of this tumour suggested a neoplasia of fetal-type adrenocortical cells. Very large tumours were found in three of the infants, two of whom have died and one has multiple metastases. From the other three children, small, well-encapsulated adenomas were successfully removed. Six children (Group B), had moderately elevated 17-oxosteroid excretions (8-17 mumol/24 h). In five of these cases (four female, one male) aged 0.8-5 years, 11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone was a consistently prominent urinary steroid. In one boy, aged 7.7 years, 17-oxosteroid excretion was 15 mumol/24 h and the major steroids in urine were metabolites of pregnenolone. These six children have survived with no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour. The in vivo functional activities of the tumours can be deduced from the different profiles of steroids in urine. These have revealed heterogeneous patterns of steroid biosynthesis.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1984

Childhood kidney tumours: in vitro studies and natural history.

The growth patterns of mesoblastic nephroma, Wilms' tumour and bone metastasizing renal tumour of childhood (BMRTC) are distinct from one another and are therefore useful in distinguishing children's kidney tumours. Of the 3 tumour types only BMRTC was able to invade native collagen gels. Fibronectin was present in Wilms' tumour and mesoblastic nephroma, but absent from BMRTC. The readdition of fibronectin to fibronectin depleted tissue culture medium markedly reduced the ability of BMRTC to migrate into collagen gels. The significance of the results and their relevance to the natural history of these neoplasms is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Excess risk of breast cancer in the mothers of children with soft tissue sarcomas.

Information was obtained on the health status or cause of death in the mothers of a population-based series of 143 children with soft tissue sarcomas. Among these mothers there were 6 cases of breast cancer. All 6 women were pre-menopausal and 2 had bilateral disease. This represents a significant 3-fold excess risk of breast cancer. Malignant disease had occurred in 6 other women whose ages at diagnosis ranged from 33 to 58 years. This was not significantly in excess of expectation. The incidence of cancer among mothers of various sub-groups of children was computed. For breast cancer mothers of: boys, children who were less than the median age at diagnosis, and children who had pelvic tumours had a greater excess risk than the group as a whole. Among those sub-groups of mothers the highest excess risk was 13.5. For other cancers, no sub-group showed an incidence which was significantly above the expected. A high proportion of infiltrating lobular carcinoma was found among the breast cancers, and histological type may indicate familial disease. These findings are consistent with the cancer family syndrome described by Li & Fraumeni in 1969, but the present results suggest that a higher proportion of childhood soft tissue sarcoma than was hitherto suspected may have a genetic aetiology. Further pedigree and laboratory studies may help to identify familial cases at the time of the child's diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histopathologic prognostic factors in neuroblastic tumors: definition of subtypes of ganglioneuroblastoma and an age-linked classification of neuroblastomas.

Histopathologic prognostic factors of 295 pretreatment tumors of a total 641 neuroblastomas and ganglioneuroblastomas were studied with the use of the following proposed tumor classification. The tumors were divided into 2 groups: stroma-poor (235 cases) and stroma-rich (60 cases) according to their organizational pattern (stromal development). The stroma-poor group was classified further into 2 subgroups: favorable stroma-poor (84% survival) and unfavorable stroma-poor (4.5% survival) according to the patient's age at diagnosis, degree of maturation, and nuclear pathology [mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI)] of the neuroblastic cells. The stroma-rich group was further classified into 3 subgroups: well differentiated (100% survival), intermixed (92% survival), and nodular (18% survival) on the basis of morphology of the immature element in the tumor tissue without regard to patient's age or quantitative maturation. Favorable stroma-poor and well-differentiated and intermixed stroma-rich groups seem to make good prognosis groups (87% survival), which show gradual progression along a maturational sequence according to the age of the patient. Unfavorable stroma-poor and nodular stroma-rich groups form poor prognosis groups (7% survival) and show morphological evidence of malignant or aggressive behavior, such as inappropriate immaturity for age, higher MKI, and gross nodule formation by immature neuroblasts.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

A study of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in childhood brain tumours.

A retrospective study of 366 primary brain tumours in childhood has been carried out, GFAP was detected in juvenile astrocytoma (76/121), adult astrocytoma (34/78), malignant glioma (0/8), other astrocytic tumours (2/4) and medulloblastoma (0/101). In eight medulloblastomas scanty positive cells were seen but were regarded as reactive rather than neoplastic. The presence of GFAP was only found to be of prognostic value in adult astrocytoma, where its occurrence was associated with a more favourable outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Primary renal tumours in the first year of life. A population based review.

Of 30 patients presenting with primary renal tumours in the first year of life, there were 23 Wilms' tumours (15 classical, six epithelial and two rhabdomyomatous), three rhabdoid neoplasms and four mesoblastic nephromas. Criteria for the diagnosis of rhabdoid tumours and mesoblastic nephromas are discussed with reference to histological difficulties. Although Wilms' tumour was the commonest neoplasm, mesoblastic nephroma predominated in the first three months of life. The clinical behaviour of the cases is reviewed, and rhabdoid tumours, although relatively few in number, accounted for a significant part of the overall mortality.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Aseptically collected calf serum as an effective alternative to fetal calf serum in the culture of amniotic fluid cells.

The growth-promoting activities of three different bovine sera have been compared in primary and secondary amniotic fluid cell cultures. In secondary amniotic fluid cell microcultures, aseptically collected calf serum (CS) was slightly, though not significantly more effective than fetal calf serum (FCS) in promoting DNA synthesis, while newborn calf serum (NCS) was significantly less effective than either CS or FCS. All three sera were optimally effective at concentrations of 10 per cent (v/v). Significant variation in quality occurred within four batches of each of CS and FCS, but not within four batches of NCS. A selected batch of CS was significantly more effective in promoting the growth of primary amniotic fluid cell cultures than were a number of batches of FCS then in routine laboratory use. It is suggested that CS may serve as an effective and economical alternative to FCS in the culture of amniotic fluid cells, thereby expanding the scope of serum batch testing. A possible explanation for the varying growth-promoting activities of different sera is discussed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Pre-natal factors in the origin of germ cell tumours of childhood.

The Manchester (England) Children's Tumour Registry is population-based with a high level of ascertainment. Pathologic review ensured diagnostic accuracy. Routine monitoring of annual incidence revealed a significant increase in germ cell tumours from approximately 1 per million person years to approximately 4. Analysis of the children's case records and their mothers' obstetric records showed an association between germ cell tumours and congenital malformations, particularly of the central nervous system, in the children themselves and in their stillborn sibs. An association between infections in pregnancy and early onset of tumours in the offspring was demonstrated. Other factors such as chronic illness in the mothers and drug-taking during pregnancy may be important, but further work is required to establish any definite associations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Wilm's tumour and renal dysplasia: an hypothesis.

The incidence of renal dysplasia in a series of Wilms' tumours is presented. The distribution of such lesions is discussed, together with their course of development and regression. The kidney is regarded as a particularly suitable organ for studying the relation between dysplasia and neoplasia. A schema is suggested for this association with regard to Wilms' tumour.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Childhood leukaemia in North West England 1954-1977: epidemiology, incidence and survival.

The annual incidence of leukaemia among children aged up to 14 years as estimated by the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry has been analysed for the 24 years 1954-1977. A significant increase in acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) was found, while the incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remained constant. Other types of leukaemia were too rare to be analysed separately. The increase in ALL was concentrated among boys in the 1--5-year age group. Analysis with respect to initial white-cell count showed the increase to be more pronounced in children with initial white cell counts of 1-5 x 10(4)/microliters. The proportion of cases presenting in Lancashire compared with Greater Manchester did not change during the study period. The distribution of cases with respect to social class and socio-economic group of the parents also remained constant. Due to advances in the treatment of childhood ALL survival improved considerably during the study period and no increase in mortality was seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hepatoblastoma as a cause of intrauterine fetal death. Case report.

A hepatoblastoma was found in a 36 week stillborn infant. The tumour compressed the inferior vena cava and was the cause of hydrops foetalis. There was also agenesis of the gall bladder. Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels at 15 weeks were normal and did not indicate the presence of the tumour.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗