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Biomedical subjects

H Austin

Publications and source records attributed to H Austin.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Multiple pancreatic pseudocysts: the principle of internal cystocystostomy in surgical management.

Multiple pseudocysts exist in 5% to 10% of all patients with pancreatic pseudocysts. No procedural recommendations have been previously offered for the elective treatment of coexisting mature pseudocysts. In 10 patients with large (greater than 5 cm in diameter) adjacent pseudocysts, a segment of the common wall was removed (internal cystocystostomy) to create a common chamber, which was then drained by an appropriate cystogastrostomy or cystojejunostomy Roux-en-Y. No recurrences have been observed during an average follow-up of almost 2 years. In each of two patients with two large pseudocysts that were not contiguous, both pseudocysts were drained into a single Roux-en-Y limb (double cystojejunostomy Roux-en-Y). Operative cystography was performed on all small pseudocysts (less than 5 cm in diameter). Simple operative aspiration was employed on five occasions when the small pseudocyst did not communicate with the pancreatic duct. The principle of internal cystocystostomy combined with internal drainage appears useful in the management of large contiguous pseudocysts. For noncontiguous large pseudocysts, multiple cystojejunostomy deserves wider trial, as does operative aspiration of small pseudocysts demonstrated not to be in continuity with the pancreatic ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Humoral regulation of renal growth. Evidence for and against the presence of a circulating renotropic factor.

The stimuli for compensatory renal growth following a decrease in functioning renal mass have interested a number of investigators. The existence of a humoral incitor and/or regulator of renal growth, renotropin, has been postulated; and three types of experiments have been performed to determine its existence. These include parabiotic, in vivo, and in vitro assays. In general, the three different methodologies support the existence of a renotropic factor (or factors) but further investigations are needed to clarify its precise roles in compensatory renal growth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1980

Cervix cancer and cigarette smoking: a case-control study.

The association between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking was examined among 332 white cases and 1725 white controls. Cases were of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and smoked more than controls. After adjustment for both age and SES, no significant association was observed between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking. Many variables related both to cigarette smoking and to known risk factors for cervix cancer are sources of confounding and inadequate control for these variations may cause an overestimation of the effect of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Breast cancer in black American women.

A case-control study of breast cancer among Black American women was conducted in seven hospitals in New York City from 1969 to 1975. Results are reported for 127 cases and 317 controls. Compared to women with a first birth before age 19, those with a first birth after 25 had a relative incidence rate for breast cancer of 3.8 and 2.2 for the pre- and postmenopausal age-groups, respectively. Compared to nulliparous women, parous women had a relative incidence rate of 0.6 for premenopausal and 0.7 for postmenopausal women. The incidence rate of breast cancer for women with a menopause after age 49 was estimated to be 3.1 times that of women with a menopause before age 45. Thus, the known risk factors for breast cancer among Whites are also related to the etiology of the disease among Blacks. The incidence rate of breast cancer has increased among younger Blacks since 1947 and is now similar to that among younger Whites. However, among older women, the incidence rate is still appreciably higher for Whites. The most likely explanation of this pattern is that Black women born since about 1925 are being exposed at the same frequency as White women to the causes of breast cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure to epichlorohydrin and central nervous system neoplasms at a resin and dye manufacturing plant.

This study evaluated the relationship between central nervous system neoplasms (CNSN) and exposure to epichlorohydrin (ECH) among 11 CNSN cases and 44 controls who were members of a cohort of chemical workers. Information on area of employment and potential exposure to ECH was obtained from plant personnel and medical records and from interviews with long-term employees. An elevated odds ratio (OR) for CNSN was observed for subjects who worked in the epoxy resin process line (OR = infinity, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-infinity), and in the production of anthraquinone intermediate dyes (OR = infinity, 95% CI = 1.7-infinity) and azo dyes (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 0.6-41). Routine potential exposure to ECH was associated with CNSN (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 0.7-26). Dose-response relationships were found with duration and with cumulative routine potential exposure to ECH (p = .11 and .08, respectively). Acute exposure to ECH requiring treatment at the plant infirmary also was associated with subsequent CNSN (OR = infinity, 95% CI = 1.5-infinity).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative histological changes in the small intestine of rats artificially reared on different milk substitutes.

Growth of the small intestine was studied in rats reared normally by their mothers (MR) or artificially reared (AR) by intragastric infusion of milk substitutes from postnatal day 5. Two milk substitutes were used: one high in carbohydrate and low in protein as compared with rats' milk (Messer) and the other closely resembling rats' milk in its composition (Auestad). Pups reared on these formulae are termed ARM and ARA, respectively. Pups were killed at 7, 12, and 20 days for quantitative histological measurements on transverse sections of duodenum and ileum. They included cross-sectional areas of muscle and of mucosa and submucosa combined (other tissue), internal and external perimeters, and length of longest villus profile. Artificial rearing affected mucosal and submucosal measures, but did not affect muscle. The effects depended on age, type of milk substitute, and site within the small intestine. There was a tendency for deficient growth of small intestine in the early stages of artificial rearing, especially in the ileum of ARA pups. Enhancement of growth as shown by cross-sectional area of mucosa and submucosa and by longest villus profile occurred later--by 12 days in the duodenum and by 20 days in the ileum of ARM pups. Enhanced growth was less evident in ARA rats, being apparent only in the duodenum, and not until 20 days were the cross-sectional area of mucosa and submucosa and the longest villus profile increased.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.

Risk factors for and serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were analyzed among 557 women. Study subjects were attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and enrolled in a clinical trial of nonoxynol-9 prevention of gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Seventy-eight (14%) showed serologic evidence of past HBV infection. Only age at time of serum collection was significantly associated with HBV marker prevalence (P = 0.04). None of the four measures of sexual activity taken (number of sex partners per month, frequency of sexual intercourse, number of documented episodes of sexually transmitted diseases, and lifetime number of sexual partners) were significantly related to the presence of HBV markers. For each measure, however, differences observed between HBV positive and negative subjects were consistent with what would be expected if these factors did contribute to HBV infection risk. These results support the role of heterosexual transmission of HBV infection in women and are consistent with recommendations for hepatitis B immunization of heterosexually active persons with multiple sexual partners.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospital computer marketing to increase patient census.

Discussed in this article are procedures for creation of a hospital for-profit corporation, formation of a technical and marketing staff, and installation of terminals, microcomputers, and minicomputers in client offices.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic studies of the petroleum industry.

This paper reviews the epidemiologic studies of petroleum workers published in the English language, focusing on research pertaining to the petroleum industry, rather than the broader petrochemical industry. Types of epidemiologic studies are described, then overall cause-specific mortality and morbidity among workers.

Canada↗