History of Michigan medicine and other MSMS journals.
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American Medical Association↗
Biomedical subjects
H Auer
Publications and source records attributed to H Auer.
[Diagnosis of Barrett esophagus].
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Barrett Esophagus↗
[Therapy of Barrett esophagus].
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Barrett Esophagus↗
[Wound myiasis. Facultative myiasis].
Two cases of traumatic myiasis, one in Bowen carcinoma and one in chronic leg ulcer, are described. The maggots isolated were reared to the adult stage; they proved to be Calliphoridae of the genus Lucilia (presumably L. sericata). The various forms of myiasis and the species involved in such parasitism are described, and the therapeutic efficiency of proteolytic enzymes and the necrolytic potency of maggots are briefly discussed.
Adult↗
Echinococcosis in Austria.
In 1982, a research project on the prevalence of human echinococcosis in Austria was started. Within the period from 1982 to 1988, data on 188 patients with cystic (CE) and of 16 patients with alveolar (AE) echinococcosis were obtained. 15 out of 16 AE patients and 79 (= 42%) out of 188 CE patients were Austrian nationals, 1 AE patient was of Swiss nationality, and 94% of the 109 non-Austrian patients came from Mediterranean countries. Cases of (presumably autochthonous) cystic echinococcosis were found in Lower Austria, Vienna, Burgenland, Styria, Upper Austria, Carinthia, Salzburg and Vorarlberg, the eastern part of Austria being the main distribution area. Cases of (certainly autochthonous) alveolar echinococcosis were recorded in the Tyrol, in Carinthia and in Lower Austria. At the time of diagnosis, the average ages of Austrian patients with E. multilocularis (49 years) and with E. granulosus (55 years), respectively were significantly higher than those of foreign CE patients (34 years). The finding concerning the localisation of the infection (78% of E. granulosus cysts and 100% of E. multilocularis lesions were located in the liver) are consistent with previously published reports.
Adult↗
First report on the occurrence of human cases of alveolar echinococcosis in the northeast of Austria.
Since Posselt (1928) it is known, that Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative organism of alveolar echinococcosis, is prevalent in the western and southern provinces of Austria (Vorarlberg, The Tyrol, Salzburg, Carinthia, Styria). Recent distributional data confirmed the existence of these endemic areas in the mountain range of the Alps. Within the period from 1983 to 1988 human cases of obviously autochthonous alveolar echinococcosis were detected in the northeast of Austria, north of the river Danube, for the first time. This paper presents a clinical, diagnostic, therapeutical and epidemiological documentation of these three cases (2 females, 1 male), which represent the eastern most records of autochthonous E. multilocularis infections of the Central European distribution area of alveolar echinococcosis.
Austria↗
Activation and release of enzymes and major basic protein from guinea pig eosinophil granulocytes induced by different inflammatory stimuli and other substances. A histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopic study.
In order to investigate the availability and release of enzymes from eosinophilic granulocytes in response to a variety of stimuli, guinea pig peritoneal eosinophils were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal injections of freeze-dried Trichinella spiralis larvae. The activities of the enzymes peroxidase, arylsulfatase B, beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, histaminase, cytochrome c oxidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase, and the major basic protein (MBP) were studied histochemically and, in part, also biochemically. Eosinophils were incubated with the following substances: histamine, platelet activating factor, calcium ionophore, compound 48/80, leukotriene B4, prostaglandins E1, and E2, heparin, and eosinophil-chemotactic factors from neutrophils and lymphocytes. Eosinophils displayed a selective and stimulus-dependent enzyme and MBP reaction. Calcium ionophore and compound 48/80 provoked a release of cytotoxic major basic protein, partly associated with peroxidase release, while leukotriene B4 and eosinophil chemotactic factors caused histaminase and peroxidase release and activated leucinaminopeptidase. Heparin and calcium ionophore induced release of both MBP and histaminase. These data support the concept that eosinophils exhibit either inflammatory or cytotoxic, or antiinflammatory properties upon stimulation by various agents.
Animals↗
Demonstration of a specific Echinococcus multilocularis antigen in the supernatant of in vitro maintained protoscolices.
Serodiagnosis of echinococcosis is still often met with difficulties resulting from unspecific reactions due to crude antigens which contain numerous host-derived proteins. In order to eliminate host protein contamination we produced Echinococcus multilocularis antigen by methods of in vitro technique: Evaginated protoscolices of Echinococcus multilocularis isolated from experimentally infected Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium. Although no serum proteins were added, protoscolices could be kept alive for more than 2 weeks. The supernatants harvested from protoscolices cultures were tested for their immunoreactivity against sera of patients with confirmed alveolar or cystic echinococcosis, cysticercosis, schistosomiasis or fascioliasis by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A polypeptide band at about 62,000 mol. mass was identified which proved to be specifically immunoreactive with sera from patients with alveolar echinococcosis, whereas sera from patients with cystic echinococcosis or with other helminthic infections as well as sera from healthy blood-donors did not react with this polypeptide band. Thus, the use of supernatant antigen in immunoblotting technique allows a serological differentiation between infections with Echinococcus multilocularis and those with Echinococcus granulosus and provides an accurate diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis.
Animals↗
Combined application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) as a useful tool for the diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis.
A combined application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) for the diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis is described. Since January 1985 each serum sample submitted for the detection of specific antibodies was examined with both an ELISA using Echinococcus multilocularis antigen (EmELISA) and an IHA using E. granulosus antigen (EgIHA). In the course of our study altogether 72 human cases of Echinococcus infections were diagnosed. All 16 cases of alveolar echinococcosis (= 100%) and 48 out of 56 cases of cystic echinococcosis (= 86%) were revealed as Echinococcus infection at least in one of the two tests. Although crude antigens were used in both, EmELISA and EgIHA, species-specific diagnosis was achieved in 57 (= 89%) of 64 cases of the infections with E. multilocularis or E. granulosus. The diagnostic value of EmELISA and EgIHA for the post-operative surveillance is demonstrated by the follow-up of the immune response of one case of alveolar and three cases of cystic echinococcosis.
Adolescent↗
Nucleolus-organizer regions and heterochromatin in three species of bovidae.
Ag-NOR staining and a counterstain-enhanced fluorescence technique (chromomycin A3/distamycin A/DAPI staining = CDD-method) have been applied to ibex (Capra ibex L.), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) and bison (Bison bison L.) chromosomes. Chromomycin A3 visualization led to a well defined R-banding pattern along the chromosome arms and to a clear demonstration of centric heterochromatic bands of variable size. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were found in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 28 of the ibex, of the chromosomes 1/3 (short arm), 2, 4, 5 and 28 of the chamois and of the chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 11 and 28 of the bison.
Animals↗
Experimental studies on circulating antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in intermediate hosts: criteria for detection and structural properties.
The present study was performed to demonstrate circulating antigen (cag) of Toxoplasma gondii in the sera of orally and intraperitoneally infected rabbits and swine, to determine the time of their appearance after infection, and to characterize the antigenic components of the cag by means of affinity chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electrophoretic blot onto nitrocellulose sheets. Cag, as detected by an indirect ELISA, was found in the sera of both rabbits and swine from week 5 to week 8 after infection. Electrophoretic separation of cag extracted from swine and human sera showed 5 and 8 distinct protein bands, respectively, the molecular weight of which ranged between 25 and 100 kD. After Western blot, 2 of the 5 protein bands of swine-cag (27 and 57 kD) and 3 of the 8 protein bands of human cag (27, 32, and 57 kD) reacted with the anti-Toxoplasma antibody used in the ELISA. On the basis of the data presented, the influence of the dose and mode of infection as well as that of the preparation method of antisera on cag detection is discussed.
Animals↗
Offspring of a trisomic cow.
A cow, trisomic for chromosome 22, became pregnant and gave birth to a karyotypically normal and healthy calf. Thus, a second example of reproductive capability in autosomal trisomies in mammals, in addition to trisomy 21 in man, is provided.
Animals↗
An extended chicken karyotype, including the NOR chromosome.
Chicken chromosomes were identified up to No. 18 by a sequential counterstain-enhanced fluorescence technique. A heterochromatin characterization of macro- and microchromosomes was performed; in general, the microchromosomes were GC-rich, but with a high degree of variation. The NORs are localized on chromosome No. 17.
Animals↗
In vitro cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii under defined, serum-free conditions.
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Animals↗
Experimental eosinophilia and inflammation--the effect of various inflammatory mediators and chemoattractants.
An experimental subcutaneous inflammation was produced in guinea pigs with peripheral blood eosinophilia. The eosinophilia resulted from two subsequent infections with Trichinella spiralis larvae. One group of guinea pigs served as non-infected control. Inflammation was induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, histamine, platelet activating factor and eosinophilotactic factors of lymphocytic or neutrophilic origin. Whereas in the control group no eosinophil granulocytic response was observed, this response was seen in the group with peripheral blood eosinophilia. The inflammatory substances and mediators (carrageenan, bradykinin, histamine, platelet activating factor) did not attract eosinophils alone, but also neutrophils. Under peripheral blood eosinophilia within the time course of the inflammatory reaction a second emigration with a shifted neutrophil/eosinophil ratio in favour of eosinophils was found. This could be due to a generation of chemoattractants by the injected substances themselves or more probably, by already emigrated granulocytes. Neither histamine, bradykinin, carrageenan, nor the eosinophilotactic factors (ECF's) in the concentrations used did release the cytotoxic major basic protein from eosinophils. Platelet activating factor exhibited a release of major basic protein from some eosinophils but no release of the peroxidase under our experimental conditions. The immigration of sufficient numbers of eosinophils into inflammatory areas might be one cause of the reduction of the inflammatory edema found in a previous investigation under similar conditions.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Heterochromatin composition and nucleolus organizer activity in four canid species.
Sequential staining with a counterstain-contrasted fluorescent banding technique (chromomycin A3-distamycin A-DAPI) revealed the occurrence of distamycin A-4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DA-DAPI) staining heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of chromosomes 33, 36, 37, and 38 in the wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) and of chromosomes 13, 16, and 23 in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) lacked such regions. Staining with DAPI--actinomycin D produced a QFH-type banding pattern with clearcut differences in the staining behaviour of DA-DAPI positive regions between these three canid species. Staining with the fluorochrome D 287/170 did not preferentially highlight any of the DA-DAPI positive regions in any of them. Counterstain-enhanced chromomycin A3 R-banding and studies of nucleolus organizer region location and activity confirmed a close relationship between the karyotype of the wolf and the domestic dog. Few heterochromatic marker bands were encountered in these two species, but heterochromatin polymorphism was evident in the blue fox.
Animals↗
Levels of conservation and variation of heterochromatin and nucleolus organizers in the Bovidae.
Chromomycin A3 banding of the mitotic sets of 10 species of Bovidae (cattle, wisent, yak, banteng, gaur, red buffalo, swamp buffalo, sheep, mufflon, and goat) serves to demarcate both centromeric constitutive heterochromatin and R-banding patterns capable of identifying all the chromosomes within a given complement. In all species significant amounts of chromomycin-bright heterochromatin are present at the centromeres of all autosomes, though there was a high degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in the size of the heterochromatic blocks. Marked interspecies differences in the centromeric patterns were evident. The X chromosomes contained appreciable amounts of centromeric heterochromatin only in the two buffaloes. All the animals studied lacked distamycin A - diamidinophenylindole type heterochromatin. AgNO3 staining was applied sequentially to detect the location of active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). The distribution of NORs was reasonably conservative in most of the species. An exceptional situation was found in the two buffaloes, where only one NOR pair matched with the standard karyotype of the Bovidae.
Animals↗
A viable calf with trisomy 22.
Karyotyping of eight malformed calves resulted in the detection of trisomy 22 in one calf. This calf had a hernia umbilicalis, a urachus fistula, and slight brachygnathia inferior. This trisomy was not associated with lethality.
Animals↗