Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Aoki.
Levels of serum prostaglandins E and F were measured by radioimmunoassay in 40 asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. Levels of both prostaglandins--E and F--were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal control subjects. The prostaglandin F/prostaglandin E ratio was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal control subjects.
A case of infantile XX male syndrome with bilateral scrotal testes and penoscrotal hypospadias is presented. No evidence of XX/XY mosaicism of Y chromatin was obtained in preparations from cultures of the peripheral blood, skin fibroblast, or other tissues. Although true hermaphroditism was suspected, exploration of the bilateral gonadal structures failed to detect the presence of ovarian structures, either grossly or microscopically. Furthermore, exploratory laparotomy revealed no Mullerian structures. The difficulty of early diagnosis of XX males in infancy is emphasized.
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Microscopic examination of cultures of Escherichia coli exposed to bicyclomycin revelaed elongated or spheroplast-like cells. At the lethal level, bicyclomycin was shown to inhibit the synthesis of RNA and protein in the growing cells of E. coli 15 THU, whereas DNA and lipid synthesis were not significantly affected. However, the antibiotic did not block RNA and protein synthesis in vitro. Bicyclomycin was observed to inhibit the synthesis of envelope proteins more markedly than that of cytoplasmic proteins. The synthesis of two major envelope proteins was more sensetive to bicyclomycin than that of the other envelope proteins. One (peak I), which was inhibited to the greatest extent, seemed to be identical with a bound form of lipoprotein, and the other (peak V) with a free form of lipoprotein. Bicyclomycin exhibited inhibitory effects on the exclusive biosynthesis of the lipoprotein in histidine-starved cells of E. coli 15 THU. The biosynthesis of the bound form of lipoprotein was more profoundly inhibited by bicyclomycin than that of the free form. These results indicate that the primary action of bicyclomycin may be due to the interference with the biosynthesis of lipoprotein, and its assembly to peptidoglycan.
Nocardicin A is a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic obtained from the fermentation broth of a strain of actinomycetes. The producing organism, strain WS 1571, was identified as Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsuyamanensis ATCC 21806. The antibiotic, obtained as colorless crystals, exhibits moderate in vitro antibacterial activity against a broad-spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria including Proteus and Pseudomonas. It has low toxicity in laboratory animals.
Apatite ceramics is composed of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] sintered at high temperature. It is known that hydroxyapatite is the main component of bone and tooth minerals. There are two synthetic methods for the apatite powder. One is so called wet synthetic method: Synthesis by the reaction of Ca++ and PO4--- in the aqueous solution of approximately pH 7.0, the other is dry method: Synthesis by the solid state reaction at high temperature. The apatite powder stable below 1400 degrees C was prepared by the latter method in this work. After passing through a sieve, this powder was cold-pressed and then sintered at 1000 degrees C to 1300 degrees C in air. Biological apatite powders were also perpared as a reference. It was found that any apatite ceramics having porosity in the range of 5 to 50% could be obtained under the various sintering conditions. Compressive strength of these apatite ceramics increased with the reduction of the porosity, and those with porosity less than 20% were more than 100 kg/cm2. Vickers hardness was measured. This result showed the same tendency as that of compressibility. Hardness of the apatite ceramics with 90% relative density was almost the same or more as that of enamel. Solubility of the synthetic apatite powder in distilled water and aqueous solution of lactic acid (pH 4.0) was nearly the same as biological apatites. The dissolution rate decreased with the reduction of porosity of the ceramics. It was certified that hot pressing technique was extremely effective to obtain high density ceramics (more than 95% of density) and thus low parosity apatite ceramics. From the facts as described above, it is understood that sintered pure hydroxy-apatite is an excellent ceramics of high mechanical strength.
Induction of killer and helper T-cell activities towards transplantation antigens of two tumour cell lines was analysed in the allogeneic and syngeneic host combinations. The lymphoid cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized with allogeneic viable or mitomycin C-treated X-5563 plasmacytoma cells derived from C3H/He mice revealed both killer and helper T-cell activities against alloantigens, whereas cells from mice immunized with tumour cells killed by a freezing and thawing procedure revealed predominantly helper T-cell activity. On the other hand, when C3H/He mice were immunized with viable syngeneic X-5563 plasmacytoma or MM102 mammary tumour cells, the former generated preferentially killer T-cell activity, whereas the latter induced predominantly helper T-cell activity against tumour-associated transplantation antigens. Thus, immunization with transplantation antigen(s) does not always induce both helper and killer T-cell activities in parallel, but a certain antigenic system induces predominantly one type of T-cell response, thus indicating that two distinct subsets of helper and killer T cells against the transplantation antigen(s) can be raised independently without an absolute requirement of collaboration between these different T-cells subsets.
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Cystic changes are rare in meningioma. The authors reported two cases of the cystic meningioma. 1) The first case was 56-year-old female, whose complaints were motor weakness and hypesthesia on the right side. At the operation, a hen egg-sized tumor with a large cyst was removed totally from the left frontoparietal mid-convexity. Multiple cystic cavities were contained in the tumor. Histologically the tumor was compatible with meningocytic meningioma with angiomatous component and showed numerous myxomatous degeneration and swollen vessel-walls. 2) The second case was 17-year-girl complaining of headache, blurred vision, right hemiparesis and episodes of Jacksonian seizure. At the operation, a goose egg-sized tumor in the left parietal lobe was removed and the tumor contained a large cyst. Histologically the tumor was a malignant meningioma, associating with relatively fresh necroses adjacent the cyst. 3) The pathogenesis of the cystic changes in meningioma was discussed.
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