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Biomedical subjects

H Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to H Aoki.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[A study on the possible transmission of hepatitis B virus from HBsAg carrier women to their husbands (author's transl)].

In order to assess the possible sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the occurrence of post-marital acute hepatitis and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) were investigated among the husbands of HBsAg carrier women. The possible infectious routes and influencing factors in the HBV infection of the husbands by their HBsAg carrier wives were also discussed. This study demonstrates: 1. In the husbands examined, the exposure marker of HBV was found to be 32.8 per cent and the occurrence rate of post-marital hepatitis came up to 7.2 per cent. 2. The transmission of HBV from HBsAg carrier women to their husbands was supposed to take place shortly after marriage. E-Ag and e-Ab in ther sera of HBsAg carrier women could serve respectively as indicators of positive and negative HBV transmission. In the husbands with wives whose serum HBsAg-titers by R-PHA were higher than 39, a high exposure marker of HBV (87.5%) was observed. 3. The results of HBsAg detection rates and titers in various kinds of body fluids obtained from HBsAg carrier women suggested that cervical mucus and vaginal discharge might play an important role in the sexual HBV transmission.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of altered BHK cells resistant to HVJ (Sendai virus) infection.

An altered baby hamster kidney cell culture which resists the c.p.e. of HVJ (haemagglutinating virus of Japan - the Sendai strain of parainfluenza I virus) has been obtained and characterized. These cells, designated BHK-R, were originally obtained by prolonged cultivation of cells surviving HVJ infection; they have been subcultured in the presence of HVJ. No infectious virus was recovered from BHK-R cells and no evidence for the presence of HVJ antigens in the cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining. When BHK-R cells were inoculated with HVJ the growth of challenge virus was suppressed and no obvious cytopathic changes were detected, while these cells normally supported the replication of mumps, influenza, Newcastle disease, vesicular stomatitis or Sindbis viruses. BHK-R cells became susceptible to HVJ infection after serial subculture in growth medium free of HVJ. It was suggested that sialic acid residues present in the surface of BHK-R cell membranes and responsible for adsorption of HVJ were split off by the action of neuraminidase of virus particles, resulting in inhibition of the attachment of challenge virus of HVJ.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1980

Enumeration of immune interferon-producing cells induced by allogeneic stimulation.

We succeeded in enumerating interferon-producing cells induced by allogeneic stimulation, and proved that they were indeed T lymphocytes. The peak level of these cells in spleen was attained on day 5 after immunication, was maintained for about 2 days, and declined thereafter. Titers of interferon produced in vitro by sensitized spleen cells were maximum on day 7. This suggests that the maturation of immune interferon-producing cells follows cell proliferation after antigen stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Generation and maintenance of immune interferon-producing cells induced by allogeneic stimulation in mice.

When spleen cells derived from C57BL/6 mice immunized with L cells 7 days previously were cocultured with antigenic cells, immune interferon appeared in the culture fluid. We analyzed the tissue distribution of the immune interferon-producing cells (IIPC) which appeared in various lymphoid organs after allogeneic stimulation. Although fluid from cocultures of L-cell-sensitized thymocytes and L-cells could not detect interferon activity consistently, small numbers of IIPC could be detected by using the enumeration method of IIPC. The generation, maintenance, and nature of IIPC emerging in the spleen were different depending on how the host mice were immunized. Multiple antigenic stimulations were more effective and induced longer-lasting immune interferon production than a single stimulation. IIPC induced by a single stimulation appeared to be sensitive to cortisone, vinblastine, and cyclophosphamide and were relatively short lived. In contrast, IIPC induced by multiple stimulations seemed to be partially resistant to these drugs and long lived. When mice were immunized with intact L-cells, carrageenan, a known antimacrophage agent, had no effect on immune interferon production. However, when mice were immunized with solubilized L-cell antigen, this drug displayed a suppressive effect on immune interferon production.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Streptomyces auranticolor Sp. Nov., a new anticoccidial antibiotics producer.

A new species of Streptomyces is described and designated Streptomyces auranticolor (FERM-P No. 5365) which produces new anticoccidial antibiotics, designated as WS-5995 A and WS-5995 B. The organism is characterized by gray spore mass color, spiral spore chain with smooth spores, non-chromogenic reaction, soluble pigment, and carbon utilization characteristics. It differs from previously described streptomycetes on the basis of carbon utilization, and pigment production.

Coccidiostats↗
PubMed1980

New anticoccidial antibiotics, WS-5995 A and B. I. Isolation and characterization.

WS-5995 A, B and C are produced by a new strain of Streptomyces designated Streptomyces auranticolor. These antibiotics were purified by solvent extraction followed by chromatography on silica gel and then crystallized. WS-5995 A (C19H12O6, m.p., 289 approximately 291 degrees C) and WS-5995 B (C19H14O6, sublimation at 300 degrees C) protect chickens from infection with Eimeria tenella, a species of coccidia, which produces morbidity or mortality in chickens. WS-5995 C (C19H14O 7, m.p. 288 approximately 290 degrees C), a biologically inactive component, was found to be converted to WS-5995 A on treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

FR-900130, a novel amino acid antibiotic. I. Discovery, taxonomy, isolation, and properties.

A new antibiotic, designated FR-900130, has been discovered in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces. The producing organism has been identified as Streptomyces catenulae. The antibiotic was purified by adsorption onto Duolite C-20, passage through Amberlite IRC-50, final purification and desalting on Sephadex G-25. It shows antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and synergy with D-cycloserine. The antibiotic is very labile in alkaline solution above pH 8.0 and decomposed during lyophilization or solvent precipitation. It was converted to an acetyl derivative and the biological properties of the derivative were examined.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1980

Studies on new phosphonic acid antibiotics. I. FR-900098, isolation and characterization.

A strain of Streptomyces, isolated from a soil sample and identified as Streptomyces rubellomurinus sp. nov., has been found to produce FR-900098, an interesting new antibiotic containing phosphorus in its molecule. The antibiotic, obtained as colorless crystals, was shown to inhibit a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Escherichia coli. Its antibacterial action involves interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis as evidenced by the fact that it causes spheroplast formation by susceptible cells.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗