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Biomedical subjects

H Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to H Aoki.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Intracerebral hemorrhage immediately following the operation of chronic subdural hematoma].

Complications following the operations for chronic subdural hematoma include recurrence of the hematoma, infection, seizure, and failure of the brain to expand due to cerebro-cranial disproportion. This report presents cases with intracerebral hemorrhage which is relatively rare complication. In case 1, a 35-year-old man developed status epilepticus immediately after the operation for chronic subdural hematoma. An emergency CT scan revealed acute brain swelling, and still, after the external decompressive craniotomy, CT scan showed severe brain swelling with subcortical diapedetic hemorrhage. In case 2, a 78-year-old woman whose CT scan had shown bilateral CSH and brain herniation, demonstrated intracerebral hemorrhage in the medial occipital lobe when examined post-operatively by CT scan. It is possible that the mechanisms of intracerebral bleeding following the operation for CSH are 1) diapedesis through increased permeability of parenchymal blood vessels due to the sudden increase in cerebral blood flow following the existence of longstanding extracerebral mass, and 2) hemorrhagic infarction due to recanalization of posterior cerebral artery compressed by the herniating medial temporal lobe. We should therefore avoid sudden decompression in the management of the cases which showed pre-operative consciousness disturbance or abnormal low or high density on CT scan, because these findings may be preoperative indications of brain fragility.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Local immunotherapy with streptococcal preparation, OK-432 in superficial bladder tumors, and common antigens between OK-432 and the tumor].

In 38 patients with superficial bladder, local immunotherapy with streptococcal preparation OK-432 has been performed. We investigated whether OK-432 was an effective biological response modifier (BRM) against bladder tumors or not, and the relationship between the common antigens which OK-432 shared with the tumors, and antitumor effects of OK-432. In six out of 28 patients treated by intravesical instillation, and three out of 10 cases treated by intratumor injection, tumors were eliminated endoscopically. In the other patients, the tumors did not change. The PAP study using an anti-OK-432 antibody, showed a positive reaction in 66.7% of the instillation cases and in 40.0% in the injection cases. In 66.7% of the patients with the common antigens treated by the instillation and in 75.0% of patients with the antigens treated by the injection, tumors were eliminated. However, the PAP study showed a positive reaction in 9.1% of the no-change cases treated by the instillation and in 14.3% out of the no-change cases treated by the injection. We concluded that OK-432 was a favorable BRM for topical immunotherapy against bladder tumor and the presence of the common antigens between OK-432 and tumor may enhance the immune response of patients and promote tumor regression.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1989

[Successful surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary hypertension using temporary long external bypass in an adult].

A 22-year-old man with patent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary hypertension was operated upon successfully. The operation, trans-aortic direct closure of ductus, was done using temporary long external bypass. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient is now well 6 years and 8 months after operation. Postoperative cardiac catheterization revealed decreased pressure of pulmonary artery from 116 to 44 mmHg. The details of the operative procedure and postoperative course were described and a brief review of literatures was also done.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Interferon-gamma activates the voltage-gated calcium channel in RPMI 4788 cells.

Interferon (IFN) increases cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in RPMI 4788 cells, a human colon cancer cell line. Addition of IFN to the cells loaded with Fura-2, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, causes an immediate increase in [Ca2+]i, which is the earliest event after IFN stimulation. A cyanine dye, dis-C3- (5) was used to determine the effects of IFN on the membrane potential in cancer cells. The depolarization was seen with IFN-gamma, but not with IFN-beta. These results taken together, suggest that the IFN-gamma and -beta induced [Ca2+]i mobilization are clearly different in their dependence on Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Calcium↗
PubMed1988

The microvascular architecture of human malignant glioma. A scanning electron microscopic study of a vascular cast.

The three-dimensional microvascular architecture of human glioma was investigated. The results of the study, the first of its kind, suggested that the process of vascularization in glioma is based on two patterns. In a large proportion of the glioma, one pattern is similar to the vascularization observed in normal developing fetal and newborn rat brain, while in a small proportion of the glioma, another pattern including complicated vascular protrusion and spiral running, is seen.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Immunosuppressive effect of FK506 on collagen-induced arthritis in rats.

FK506, a new immunosuppressive agent, was given intramuscularly to rats for 12 days, starting on the day of type II collagen immunization. FK506 in doses of 0.32 mg/kg or more suppressed arthritis and also suppressed humoral and skin test response to type II collagen. FK506 suppressed arthritis only when given during the afferent limbs of immune response (0-4 days), whereas the drug was only marginally effective when treatment was started during the efferent limbs of immune response (7-11 days). FK506-induced immunosuppression continued and/or was maintained throughout the experiments (50 days). These rats immunized with type II collagen and treated with FK506 failed to develop arthritis even following a secondary immunization 50 days later but were fully capable of developing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. This result suggest that FK506-treated rats develop specific unresponsiveness toward the type II collagen. It is concluded that FK506 is a strong immunosuppressive drug on collagen-induced arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral intracranial fibrous xanthoma.

We present a case of fibrous xanthoma in a 6-year-old boy who showed disturbance of consciousness and signs of increased intracranial pressure. A computed tomographic (CT) scan showed bitemporal enhanced masses and hydrocephalus. The patient was operated on in two stages. The tumors were located intradurally and extracerebrally and were firmly attached to the dura mater at the base of the middle fossa. Glial fibrillary acidic protein stain was negative, and histologic examination suggested a diagnosis of bilateral fibrous xanthoma. Postoperative CT scan showed residual tumors and an enlarged choroid plexus adjacent to it. A CT scan at 12 years of age showed no enhanced tumor, but disclosed bitemporal high-density areas and diffuse brain atrophy; the choroid plexus reverted to normal size. The patient showed mental and physical retardation, perhaps owing to the compression of the hypothalamus during early childhood. This would appear to be the first known case of bilateral intracranial fibrous xanthoma.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Immunosuppressive effect of FK506 on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats.

We investigated the effect of a new immunosuppressant, FK506, on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. EAE developed in 100% of rats immunized with myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant. FK506 in doses of 1.0 mg/kg/day or more prevented the clinical signs of EAE for at least 50 days, when administered intramuscularly 5 days a week for 2 weeks starting on the day of immunization (days 0-4 and days 7-11), and a similar result was obtained, when the compound was given for 5 days (days 0-4). FK506, however, showed a significant but weak effectiveness when started from 7 days after immunization. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to MBP developed before EAE, and anti-MBP antibody levels increased. Both humoral and cellular immune response to MBP were completely suppressed in rats treated with FK506. From these results, it is presumed that immunosuppression of cell-mediated immunity and/or humoral immunity by the treatment of FK506 actually causes the decreased incidence noted in the experiment for the development of EAE.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on interleukin 1 production from mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) was shown to augment interleukin 1 (IL-1) production from peritoneal resident and exudate macrophages in C3H/HeN mice. The mol. wt of the N-CWS-induced IL-1 product was about 17,000 daltons, which is a similar weight to that obtained by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The stimulation of IL-1 production by N-CWS was seen as early as 8 h after the start of incubation and peak production was observed at 48 h. Profound effects were seen with 10 micrograms/ml or more of N-CWS. Experiments on the regulation of the N-CWS-augmented IL-1 production showed that prostaglandin E2 inhibited the augmentation, and indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) further augmented it. Leukotriene B4 and AA861 (lipoxygenase inhibitor) had no effect. Our findings suggest that the previously reported adjuvant effect of N-CWS may, in part, be mediated via its ability to stimulate IL-1 production; and that such a stimulation may be blocked by prostaglandins.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prolongation of skin allograft survival in rats by a novel immunosuppressive agent, FK506.

FK506, an immunosuppresant, was isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Intramuscular administration of FK506 (0.32 mg/kg or more) 5 days a week for two weeks after grafting prolonged the acceptance time of F344 skin allograft to WKA rats. Similar results were obtained with cyclosporine at 32 mg/kg or more, but other immunosuppressives (i.e., prednisolone, azathioprine, and bredinin) gave only a marginal prolongation. The prolonging effect of FK506 was obtained in various donor-recipient combinations across a major or minor histocompatibility barrier. The agent also prolonged the acceptance time of mouse skin xenografts to rats. Furthermore, maintenance doses of 3.2 or 0.32 mg/kg twice a week after an initial 14-day treatment with the agent at 3.2 mg/kg gave graft survival as long as the treatment was continued for more than 120 days. Our findings show that FK506 has a potent immunosuppressive effect in rats and suggest that the agent merits further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture of Japan. Incidence.

During the 5-year period from 1980 to 1984, the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage due only to rupture of aneurysms was investigated in Izumo City, a small city with a population of 79,026. Additionally, to ascertain the relation of incidence to the size of the geographic area and/or population, a similar analysis was made on a larger area of Shimane Prefecture, including Izumo City, with a total population of 789,712. During this 5-year period, a total of 83 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were hospitalized in Izumo City, 548 patients in Shimane Prefecture. Ruptured aneurysms were confirmed in 77 cases (93%) in Izumo City and 466 cases (85%) in Shimane Prefecture. The crude annual incidences of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage for Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture were 21.0 and 13.9 per 100,000 population for all ages, and the age-adjusted annual incidences (adjusted to the 1980 population of Japan) were 18.3 and 11.0 per 100,000 for all ages, respectively. For both Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture, the age-specific annual incidences peaked at the ages of 50-69 years, and the highest incidence was 92.3 per 100,000 men from Izumo City in the eighth decade of life. The annual incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage for Izumo City is the highest reported to date. If a wider area, such as Shimane Prefecture, were studied many patients in poor condition, particularly elderly patients, would be missed. To determine accurately the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, it thus might be better to conduct the study in a small city such as Izumo City.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture of Japan. Outcome.

The overall outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was investigated in Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture. Of the patients from Izumo City, the clinical grade on admission was Grade I or II in 41% and Grade IV or V in 31%. Of those from Shimane Prefecture, 49% were graded as Grade I or II and 24% as Grade IV or V. The overall mortality rates 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage were 46% for Izumo City and 35% for Shimane Prefecture, while the surgical mortality rates were 18 and 15%, respectively. The mortality rates were particularly high among the elderly over the age of 70 years and among unoperated cases. The leading cause of death in these cases was the effect of aneurysm rupture itself, followed by rebleeding and vasospasm. The 5-year survival probabilities according to life table analysis were 50% for Izumo City and 59% for Shimane Prefecture, and a significant difference was observed in survival curves between Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture. It is concluded that the smaller the community studied, the less favorable the overall outcome, mainly because of poorer clinical conditions on admission.

Actuarial Analysis↗