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Biomedical subjects

H Andrews

Publications and source records attributed to H Andrews.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Opinions on mental illness in Israel.

The study used the Cohen and Struening OMI questionnaire to survey the opinions on mental illness and the mentally ill in Israel's population, and identify underlying domains behind these opinions. Factor analyzing the Israeli respondents' scores on the OMI questionnaire, there was found to be marked similarity in the gestalts underlying the opinions on mental illness in Israel and those found in numerous studies in the U.S.A. The study identified four distinct domains behind people's opinions on mental illness in Israel: social restrictiveness, mental health ideology, authoritarianism and interpersonal etiology. The paper reports the mean score on each of the OMI questionnaire items. These data suggest that people in Israel hold dual, inconsistent opinions on the mentally ill. On the one hand they showed a great deal of liberalism, tolerance and human orientation on issues concerning the treatment of mental illness, their civil rights and their acceptance into the main stream of society. On the other hand, the respondents demonstrated fear, mistrust and rejection of the mentally ill on issues concerning close, more intimate involvement with them. The study found opinions on the mentally ill to be affected by people's education, age and religiosity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Segmental colonic resection is an appropriate operation for short skip lesions due to Crohn's disease in the colon.

Thirty-six patients have had a segmental colonic resection for Crohn's colitis between 1948 and 1984. There were 2 deaths caused by intraabdominal abscesses present before operation. There were no cases of anastomotic dehiscence in the 29 patients having segmental resection and immediate anastomosis. The reoperation rate at 10 years was 66% (95% confidence interval, 48-84%), the majority of reresections being for recurrent large bowel Crohn's disease. The 10-year reoperation rates were higher than after subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (53%; 95% confidence interval, 37-69%) performed in a comparable group of patients with colonic Crohn's disease. The difference did not achieve statistical significance. These findings suggest that when a patient with Crohn's disease has a short segment of diseased large bowel, a segmental resection is feasible and safe.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and material hardship among inner-city children.

Because of the growing concern that exposures to airborne pollutants have adverse effects on fetal growth and early childhood neurodevelopment, and the knowledge that such exposures are more prevalent in disadvantaged populations, we assessed the joint impact of prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and material hardship on the 2-year cognitive development of inner-city children, adjusted for other sociodemographic risks and chemical exposures. The purpose was to evaluate the neurotoxicant effects of ETS among children experiencing different degrees of socioeconomic disadvantage, within a minority population. The sample did not include children exposed to active maternal smoking in the prenatal period. Results showed significant adverse effects of prenatal residential ETS exposure and the level of material hardship on 2-year cognitive development, as well as a significant interaction between material hardship and ETS, such that children with both ETS exposure and material hardship exhibited the greatest cognitive deficit. In addition, children with prenatal ETS exposure were twice as likely to be classified as significantly delayed, as compared with nonexposed children. Postnatal ETS exposure in the first 2 years of life did not contribute independently to the risk of developmental delay, over and above the risk posed by prenatal ETS exposure. The study concluded that prenatal exposure to ETS in the home has a negative impact on 2-year cognitive development, and this effect is exacerbated under conditions of material hardship in this urban minority sample.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of special education placement from birth certificate data.

The overall goal of this research effort was to develop procedures for accurately identifying children at high risk for special education placement, based on information available at the time of birth. A file containing information on all births in New York City between 1976 and 1986 was matched against the 1992 BIOFILE, which contains information on all children enrolled in the New York City public school system in 1992. A matched file containing birth and school information on 471,165 children resulted from this process. Three sets of risk factors were derived from birth certificate data: parental, pregnancy-related, and child-related. Using these risk factors as independent variables, a survival analysis model was developed predicting special education placement for each of three major disability categories: learning disability, emotional disorder, and mental retardation. A model combining all disability categories was also developed. The significant predictors of special education placement were Medicaid payment for birth (a poverty indicator), unmarried status of mother, large family size, low parental education, a mother born in the United States, a low level of prenatal care, male gender, low birthweight, and a low Apgar score. Male gender was the strongest risk factor in all models. Examination of selected survival curves indicated that the predictive power of the models is substantial. The methodology described in this article can be used to identify at-risk children for whom screening and other early interventions, including preschool programs, may be appropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apgar Score↗