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Biomedical subjects

H Akaza

Publications and source records attributed to H Akaza.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Inverted papilloma: observation with scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Three cases of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic observation was made in one of these. The surfaces of the outer-most tumour cells were covered with short stubby microvilli. Multiple bud like proliferations of the tumour cells were compatible with a trabecular type of inverted papilloma. The tumour cells of the trabeculum mimicked the intermediate and basal cells of the epithelium which covered the surface. Microcysts are believed to be formed by epithelial migration into pits, creating an epithelial inversion, and do not represent central necrosis. Ultrastructure suggests that inverted papilloma is a very well differentiated tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of UFT in advanced renal cell cancer].

Clinical trials of UFT have been conducted on patients with far-advanced renal cell cancer with distant metastasis. All patients had evaluable lesions which had shown no change or progressive disease under prior therapy. Five of these cases had received Interferon as prior therapy. Thus far, the antitumor effects of the drug were evaluated in 8 cases according to the criteria proposed by the Koyama-Saito group. Partial response was obtained in 3 of 8 patients (37.5%). Two patients showed no change and three patients showed progressive disease UFT caused anemia and diarrhea in each of patients. To measure the 5-FU level in the tumor and normal kidney tissues UFT was administered at 600 mg per day on the day before radical nephrectomy in 2 patients, who had received embolization therapy of the renal artery prior to surgery. The 5-FU level was higher in tumor and normal kidney tissues than in serum, but there was no significant difference between tumor and normal kidney tissues. The embolization therapy of the renal artery may have been responsible for this result. UFT is one of the most useful drugs for the treatment of renal cell cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Phase I trial of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin (THP)--a multi-institutional cooperative study].

A phase I trial of a new anthracycline derivative, 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyldoxorubicin (THP), was conducted in 54 patients with various advanced solid tumors and malignant lymphomas. Starting dose was 5 mg/m2 i.v. and dose escalations were made by a modified Fibonacci search scheme. There were 40 evaluable courses. The dose-limiting toxic effect was leukopenia which was dose-related and reversible. The maximum tolerated dose for a single i.v. injection was estimated to be 55 mg/m2. The median nadir day for leukopenia was day 12 with recovery occurring 13 days (median) after reaching the nadir. Thrombocytopenia was less commonly observed than leukopenia. Other toxic effects were mild gastrointestinal disturbances, fever and general malaise. Ventricular extrasystole was observed in a case of pancreatic cancer who received 5 mg/m2 of the drug. There were no cases with alopecia, or with hepatic or renal dysfunction. With regard to objective tumor response, CR was observed in 2 cases with NHL, and MR in 2 cases with lung cancer, and 1 case each with breast cancer and NHL. Response occurred at a dose of more than 35 mg/m2. The recommended dose schedule for phase II trial is 35-45 mg/m2 by single i.v. injection at 3-4-week intervals.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Bladder cancer induced by noncarcinogenic substances.

Chemical carcinogenesis is currently regarded as a complicated series of events requiring initiation and promotion in specific sequences. Carcinogens are thought to be chemicals which can induce both initiation and promotion so that few if any additional host or environmental factors are required in the production of neoplasms. Most experimental studies to date have investigated bladder cancer using these highly active agents and the role of other substances in urothelial neoplasia has not been emphasized. We have examined the role of a variety of solutions, including water and saline, in pilot studies of urothelial carcinogenesis using the ALZA mini-pump for continuous infusion. Bladder tumors indistinguishable morphologically from papillary transitional cell carcinomas were induced. Although experimental induction of bladder cancer with powerful carcinogens may completely overwhelm host defenses and result in more and higher grade neoplasms, similar tumors may occur after exposure to substances not generally considered to be carcinogenic. This process, which probably requires cofactors and host-chemical interaction, may be more representative of environmental carcinogenesis than systems using powerful carcinogens and should be further investigated.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Circulating immune complexes in patients with bladder cancer and other malignancies of the urogenital tract.

Sera from 70 patients with bladder cancer, 26 patients with kidney cancer, and 20 patients with prostate cancer were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) utilizing the human red blood cell (HRBC) radioimmunoassay. Elevated CIC levels were found in 32% of patients with bladder cancer, 30% of patients with kidney cancer, and 20% of patients with prostate cancer. For comparison, CIC was also measured in 37 sera from patients with bladder cancer by the polyethylene glycol precipitation complement consumption (PEG-CC) test. 13 of them (35%) had elevated CIC levels. The correlation between the results of the two tests was significant. There were significant correlations between CIC levels and the extent of tumor invasion and the degree of malignancy in patients with bladder cancer. The elevation of CIC level was also significantly associated with poor prognosis of these bladder cancer patients. It is proposed that measurement of CIC in patients with bladder cancer by the HRBC radioimmunoassay may be useful to evaluate their stage, degree of malignancy, and prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Randomized clinical trial on chemoprophylaxis of recurrence in cases of superficial bladder cancer.

Several postoperative adjuvant therapeutic modalities have been adopted in attempts to reduce the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer. However, no definite conclusions on the effectiveness of intravesical chemoprophylaxis have been reached. A randomized clinical study on intravesical chemoprophylaxis was conducted by the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin to compare the recurrence rates among 575 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Group A received 30 mg/30 ml Adriamycin; group B received 20 mg/40 ml Adriamycin; group C received 20 mg/40 ml mitomycin C, and group D, no treatment (for control). Instillation was performed twice a week for 4 weeks after surgery. The postoperative observation period was 18 months. The overall recurrence rate in group D was 61.5%, which was statistically higher than in the other groups. The Adriamycin and Mitomycin C groups showed recurrence rates of 43%-48% and 57%, respectively. Intravesical Adriamycin and Mitomycin C appeared to be effective in the prophylaxis of recurrence during this observation period. The main side-effect was cystitis syndrome, which was observed in 10%-20% of the patients. There were no life-threatening adverse effects in this series of patients.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Chemoimmunotherapy of implanted murine bladder cancer.

The unaltered incidence of recurrence of superficial bladder tumor after discontinuation of intravesical chemotherapy has prompted a search for effective adjuvant therapy. The technique of cauterization and implantation of tumor cells was performed in C3H/He mice to simulate the early stage of bladder cancer to evaluate a regimen of intravesical mitomycin C followed by the systemic immunopotentiator, levamisole. Mice received either normal saline (control), mitomycin C (MMC), levamisole (Leva), or MMC plus Leva. Chemotherapy was given intravesically on days 6 and 13. Immunotherapy was given intraperitoneally on days 7 and 14. All mice were sacrificed on day 21. In the treatment groups, the incidences of bladder tumor varied from 50 to 63 per cent whereas that of the control group was 91 per cent. An increase in spleen weight was observed in the treatment groups of Leva and MMC plus Leva as well as the control group but not observed in the group receiving MMC. Our study suggests that although Leva did not reduce the tumor incidence, an immunostimulator might be of benefit when used in conjunction with MMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Increase of T lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin G receptors during circulation in human renal cell carcinoma.

We studied the membrane markers and functions of lymphocytes from venous and arterial blood in kidneys from patients with renal cell carcinoma. The proportion of T lymphocytes that bore the receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G increased significantly in venous blood compared to arterial blood in kidneys with tumors. The assay of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity demonstrated that lysis of target chicken erythrocytes was significantly less when caused by lymphocytes from the arterial blood (38 plus or minus 18 per cent, standard error) than those from the venous blood (54 plus or minus 21 per cent) in kidneys with tumors. There was no significant difference in the spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assay between the venous and arterial blood. Increment of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity seemed to correlate with the increased proportion and absolute number of T lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin G.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical effect of long-term administration of PSK in a combination in patients with malignant urologic cancer].

Long-term administration of PSK was made in 40 patients with urological cancer. Mean duration of the administration was 201, 358 and 243 days for the patients with bladder cancer, renal cancer and other urological cancers, respectively. The clinical evaluations were performed by the standard of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy and historical control study. In some cases, it seemed that the immunological therapy by PSK was a benefit to some degree. However, more accurate evaluation should be made by the matched control study.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Restoration of E-rosette formation by bestatin in patients with bladder cancer.

Incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer in bestatin (specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase) solution resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes. The increase in the proportion of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes was abolished after reincubation with 100% autochthonous serum. The fraction of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer which had restored receptors for sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by incubation with bestatin also expressed receptors for the Fc portion of IgG and IgM. The proportion of EAC-forming lymphocytes remained unchanged after the incubation with bestatin. When 600 mg of bestatin was administered for 1 day to patients with bladder cancer, restorative effect on the proportion of E-rosette forming lymphocytes was also demonstrated. The proportion of EAC-forming lymphocytes, however, did not change significantly.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗