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Biomedical subjects

H Adler

Publications and source records attributed to H Adler.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Generation and functional characterization of bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages.

A culture system for bovine bone marrow derived macrophages (BBMM) was devised, starting with bone marrow cells from tibiae of calf fetuses of over 6 months gestation. Tibiae removed aseptically were sawed open, and the bone marrow was collected, washed and placed in hydrophobic (teflon) containers, thereby allowing the propagation and differentiation of macrophage lineage cells. All other cell types were negatively selected for. This results in enriched macrophage populations between 12 and 18 days of culture which were suitable for use in functional studies. The culture system was strictly serum-dependent but independent of the addition of conditioned medium containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The cells were mature macrophages by morphological and histochemical criteria. They expressed CD14 and CD11b, two typical macrophage markers. They were positive for CD18 and CD36 and bound monomeric murine IgG2a, indicating that a high-affinity Fc receptor for this isotype is expressed by bovine macrophages. The cells ingested erythrocytes opsonized by rabbit IgG, human IgG, bovine IgG1 and IgG2. Upon triggering with opsonized zymosan or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, reactive oxygen species were generated. Upon triggering with lipopolysaccharide, BBMM expressed enhanced amounts of procoagulant activity and secreted cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor and transforming-growth-factor-beta. These criteria identify the cultured cells as resting macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Oxygen sensitivity of an Escherichia coli mutant.

Genetic evidence indicates that Oxys-6, an oxygen-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli AB1157, is defective in the region of the hemB locus. Oxys-6 is capable of growth under aerobic conditions only if cultures are initiated at low-inoculum levels. Aerobic liquid cultures are limited to a cell density of 10(7) cells per ml by the accumulation of a metabolically produced, low-molecular-weight, heat-stable material in complex organic media. Both Oxys-6 and AB1157 cells produce the material, but only aerobic cultures of the mutant are inhibited by it. The material is produced by both intact cells and cell extracts in complex media. This reaction also occurs when the amino acid L-lysine is substituted for complex media.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1991

Mitogenic effects of excitatory amino acids in the adult rat retina.

We studied the retinas of adult rats after the intravitreal injection of excitatory amino acids and ouabain. Kainic acid, domoic acid, N-methyl D-asparate and ouabain produced swelling and vacuolization of the outer plexiform, inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers and pyknosis. Mitoses were present in retinas treated with all agents other than N-methyl D-asparate. Rompun ketamine anesthesia blocked the mitogenic effects. Immunohistochemical labeling of both glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 protein would indicate that the mitoses are occurring in glial cells. We suggest that the mitogenic effects are mediated through action on glial cationic channels, and might account for the reactive gliosis observed in some retinal lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Role of arachidonic acid metabolites in oleic acid induced pulmonary injury in a canine model. Effect of ketoconazole (thromboxane synthetase inhibitor).

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ketoconazole, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and pulmonary function in experimental respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary artery infusion of oleic acid (PAIOA), 0.1 ml/kg, was used to cause lung injury. Ten dogs were randomized into two groups (Gps): Gp I (n = 5) acted as control, whereas Gp II (n = 5) were treated with IV ketoconazole (2.5 mg/kg bolus then 10 mg/kg/hour for 2.5 hours). Hemodynamics, extravascular lung water (EVLW), serum levels of PGE2, and TxB2 were obtained at baseline (BL) and at 30-minute intervals for 2.5 hours (T30-T150). After 30 minutes of PAIOA the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly in both Gps (131 +/- 17 vs. 88 +/- 9 mmHg Gp 1, 119 +/- 9 vs. 79 +/- 8 mmHg Gp II, P less than 0.05); however, while MAP returned to BL values in Gp II, it remained significantly lower throughout the experimental interval in Gp I. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MAP) was not significantly affected by PAIOA in either Gp, while pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly from BL at T120 in Gp II. Pulmonary function measured by partial pressure of arterial O2 (PaO2) and extravascular lung water (EVLW) were significantly affected by PAIOA. There was a significant decrease in PaO2 (66 +/- 6 vs. 96 +/- 8 mmHg, Gp I and 60 +/- 7 vs. 100 +/- 6 mmHg, Gp II) as well as an increase in EVLW (604 +/- 61 vs. 135 +/- 9 ml, Gp I and 641 +/- 110 vs. 117 +/- 18 ml, Gp II) in both Gps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis revealed by organelle-specific antibodies.

Many studies have established the central involvement of the Golgi apparatus in the transport and processing of plasma membrane, lysosomal, and secreted proteins. The Golgi apparatus of neurons is also involved in the axoplasmic flow of fast-moving macromolecules and in the orthograde, retrograde, and transsynaptic transport of exogenous ligands. Markers of the Golgi apparatus, based on traditional methods of enzyme cytochemistry, are not applicable to human tissues obtained at autopsy. For that reason, the Golgi apparatus of brain cells has not been examined adequately in diseases of the human nervous system. Here we report that an antiserum raised against MG-160, a 160-kDa sialoglycoprotein of medial cisternae of the Golgi apparatus of several rat cells, is a specific and easily reproducible immunocytochemical marker of the Golgi apparatus of human neurons and other cells obtained at autopsy. Application of this probe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has shown a fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in motor neurons similar to that induced by depolymerization of microtubules. We suggest that the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has functional implications because significant reductions of secretion of insulin and immunoglobulins have been observed in islet cells and plasma cells, respectively, treated with microtubule-disrupting agents.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Restoration of viability to an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in the 5'----3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I.

An Escherichia coli polA (Ex) mutant that is usually inviable at restrictive temperatures (43 degrees C) was found to grow normally at 43 degrees C when incubated in the presence of a membrane-containing fraction prepared from E. coli. This membrane fraction causes anaerobic conditions that are necessary but not sufficient for restoration of viability since some component present in the membrane fraction is also required for colony formation at 43 degrees C. The accumulation of small DNA fragments typical of aerobic growth of the polA(Ex) mutant was also seen under anaerobic conditions. The polA(Ex) strain was also much more sensitive than the isogenic wild-type strain to hydrogen peroxide.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiological and immunological studies of sweet itch in horses in Israel.

A survey of sweet itch in horses in Israel based on a questionnaire to owners reported that 158 of 723 horses (21.8 per cent) had sweet itch lesions. The results indicated that the likelihood of a horse acquiring sweet itch decreased with increasing altitude but no definite association with rainfall zones was evident. Variation in the density of the horse population, however, obscured these observations. In the population surveyed, stallions were more sensitive than mares and pale horses appeared to be less sensitive than dark ones, but the sample size of this latter group was much smaller. Intradermal injection of extracts of Culicoides imicola and Stomoxys calcitrans gave immediate reactions in sensitive horses but delayed reactions were observed only with extracts of C imicola. Sensitivity to extracts of C circumscriptus was also evident in allergic horses. Antibodies to extracts of Culicoides species and Stomoxys species were demonstrable in the serum of normal and allergic horses by the ELISA technique.

Animals↗