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Biomedical subjects

H Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to H Adachi.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical value of the sequential study of the uric acid level in the CSF in patients with postoperative meningitis].

In this study we discuss the clinical value of the sequential measurement of the CSF uric acid and CSF cells in patients with postoperative acute meningitis. CSF was investigated for uric acid and cells in 10 cases with postoperative meningitis and 12 cases without it for the control group. The results were as follows; The CSF uric acid level was markedly increased in direct proportion to neutrophilia in the CSF in the acute stage of postoperative meningitis. Some cases with postoperative meningitis had biphasic increasing pattern of the CSF uric acid level. In 12 cases without postoperative meningitis the CSF uric acid level had been progressively reduced and then normalized until the fourth day after operation. The factors contributing to the increase of the uric acid in CSF under the condition of postoperative meningitis were thought to be 1) increased permeability of the blood-CSF barrier, 2) neutrophilia in the CSF and increase of the nucleic acid due to it, 3) increase of hypoxanthine, xanthine or xanthine oxidase activity in the central nervous system and 4) dysfunction of the CSF dynamics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intraoperative color flow mapping by real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography for evaluation of valvular and congenital heart disease and vascular disease.

We have developed real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography, which can display color flow mapping on a two-dimensional echocardiogram. Intraoperative two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography was performed during cardiovascular operations before and after the definitive procedure in 33 patients, 14 with valvular disease, eight with congenital heart disease, and 11 with vascular disease. Its clinical usefulness was evaluated. In patients with valvular heart disease, 13 valve replacements, 10 valvuloplasties, and four untouched lesions were assessed. No paravalvular leakage and three instances of minimal physiological transvalvular leakage from St. Jude Medical valves in the mitral position were noticed. Regurgitation after valvuloplasty was graded by extent of the regurgitant flow. This grading, comparable to postoperative grading, indicated no need for an additional procedure. In congenital heart disease, preoperative diagnoses were confirmed. The effect of the corrective operation was evaluated and no significant leakage or stenosis was found. Interatrial shunt flow was shown to increase after operative balloon atrial septostomy in a patient with dextro-transposition of the great arteries. In 11 patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm, the aneurysm was totally visualized in the operative field, including the structure and flow dynamics. In two patients, the preoperative cineangiographic diagnosis regarding involvement of dissection was corrected. After the vascular procedure, sufficient flow in the major aortic branches was confirmed in all patients and minimal leakage at the suture line was noticed in four patients. In conclusion, intraoperative color flow mapping by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography has enabled the precise diagnosis and the necessary operation to be determined before cardiopulmonary bypass. It has also allowed the effects of the operation to be assessed before chest closure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Coronary reserve of the right ventricle evaluated by double dose T1-201 scintigraphy].

Thallium-201 double dose scintigraphy was applied to exercise to estimate the coronary blood flow reserve of the left and right ventricles and this was compared with the degree of coronary artery stenosis. As an index of coronary reserve we measured the rate of change of blood flow distribution (delta F) calculated from the change in myocardial radioactivity following thallium-201 injections, once at rest and once during exercise. With submaximal exercise the increases in delta F of the left ventricle were less in patients with ischemic heart disease than in the control subjects, and were less as the number of diseased coronary vessels increased. The increases of delta F of the right ventricle were less in patients with stenosis of the proximal portion of the right coronary artery than in patients without stenosis and in the control subjects. The more severe the stenosis of the proximal portion of the right coronary artery, the smaller the delta F of the right ventricle. These results indicate that evaluation of the delta F in the left and right ventricles is useful in estimating coronary artery stenosis.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between tetramer-dimer assembly and the stability of Hb Malmö (alpha 2 beta 2 97Gln).

The effects of the mutation of the alpha 1 beta 2 contact in Hb Malmö (alpha 2 beta 2 97(FG4)His----Gln) on oxygen-binding properties, ease of dissociation into dimeric hemoglobin and stability were studied. The P50 value of Hb Malmö in the absence of organic phosphates was 1.9 mmHg, in contrast to 8.8 mmHg of Hb A. The n-value of Hb Malmö was 1.6. The overall free energy of interaction of oxygen with Hb Malmö was about 25% that of Hb A. The Adair constant, K1, of Hb Malmö was about 10-times larger than that of Hb A, but the K4 of Hb Malmö was similar to that of Hb A. The liganded form of Hb Malmö was found to dissociate into dimers more readily than Hb A by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Dissociation into dimeric hemoglobin was enhanced in dilute solutions. Increased instability during mechanical agitation of diluted samples was greater for Hb Malmö than for Hb A. The denaturation rate constants of tetramers of the oxyform of Hb A and Hb Malmö were about 20-times greater than those of dimers of these hemoglobins. The instability of Hb Malmö depends on a greater alpha 1 beta 2 dissociation constant compared with that of Hb A. These findings allow an examination of the role of the intersubunit contact in determining the functional properties and the stability of the hemoglobin molecule.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1984

An autopsy case of miliary tuberculosis and review of autopsy cases in Japan.

Presented is an autopsy case of a 79 year-old male who died of miliary tuberculosis. The patient was admitted to the University Hospital with an unknown fever and suspicion of leukemia. He expired on the 13th day of hospitalization. Postmortem examination revealed generalized miliary tuberculosis. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was established only after autopsy. Difficulty in diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis is discussed. Also discussed is a probable association of acute interstitial nephritis with chemotherapy or miliary tuberculosis. Leukemoid reaction is thought to be associated with miliary tuberculosis. The present case reminds us that miliary tuberculosis should never be forgotten when treating a patient having a fever of unknown origin. Cases with tuberculosis were compiled from the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan during 1974 through 1981. There were 3,242 cases of tuberculosis (1.4%) out of 235,095 autopsies recorded in the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan during the above 8 years. Of 3,242 cases 618 were miliary tuberculosis. The latter figure indicates 19.0% of all tuberculosis and 0.26% of all autopsies. Although all age groups were not spared, the 7th and 8th decades were more affected than the others. Tuberculosis has markedly declined since the advent of antituberculous antibiotics. But, autopsy cases with tuberculosis have not recently decreased in number. Clearly, increased awareness of the continuing presence of tuberculosis is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effect of prostaglandin E1 on fractional distribution of cardiac output and organ blood flow in man: a simultaneous and non-invasive determination using double dose thallium-201 scintigraphy.

Taking advantage of the fact that the distribution of Thallium-201 in an organ almost parallels the blood flow to the organ, we devised a non-invasive method of simultaneously determining blood flow and its distribution in human organs. With this method, we investigated the effect of exogenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the central and peripheral circulation. Scintigraphy was performed after two injections of 201Tl chloride, one at rest and one after the administration of PGE1 or saline. In eight subjects given PGE1 (0.2 microgram X kg-1 X min-1, iv), blood pressure fell, whereas both heart rate and cardiac output rose. The fractional distribution was increased in the heart (+13.3 +/- 2.98%, mean +/- SD), but decreased in the liver (-10.2 +/- 1.95%) and gastro-intestinal tract (-7.09 +/- 2.65%). No significant change was observed in the kidneys or leg. The blood flow in all these organs was increased. In the six control subjects given saline, there was no change in these central and peripheral haemodynamics. Thus, the intravenous infusion of PGE1 in man causes uneven blood flow distribution in heart, liver, kidney, gastro-intestinal organs and leg muscles, despite increased blood flow to all these organs. The method used in this study is relatively non-invasive and useful in evaluating organ blood flow in man, and seems to be widely applicable to physiological and pharmacologic research.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1984

Receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin on rat pancreatic acini.

In dispersed acini from rat pancreas, binding of 125I-labeled vasoactive intestinal peptide and 125I-labeled secretin was relatively rapid, reversible, saturable, and temperature dependent. The rate of dissociation of bound 125I-labeled peptide was not a function of the concentration of free vasoactive intestinal peptide or secretin, indicating that the apparent affinities of these labeled peptides for their binding sites do not depend on the extent of receptor occupation. Four classes of receptors are required to account for the actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin on enzyme secretion, cellular cAMP, and binding of 125I-vasoactive intestinal peptide and 125I-secretin. One class has a high affinity for vasoactive intestinal peptide, and occupation of this class of receptors causes increased cellular cAMP and stimulation of amylase secretion. A second class has a low affinity for vasoactive intestinal peptide and for secretin, and occupation of these receptors does not cause changes in cAMP or amylase secretion. A third class of receptors has a high affinity for secretin, and occupation of these receptors causes increased cAMP and stimulation of amylase secretion. A fourth class of receptors has a low affinity for secretin, and occupation of these receptors causes stimulation of amylase secretion by a non-cAMP-mediated mechanism.

Amylases↗