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Biomedical subjects

H Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to H Adachi.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Maximum increase of penile circumference as a parameter for evaluation of penile erectile capacity].

PURPOSE: Male erectile capacity has been often evaluated with the maximum changes of penile circumference during nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) by erectometer. However, it has not been fully established that the changes actually reflect penile rigidity. In this paper, we evaluated how the maximum change (the increase in circumference or its rate) of the circumference is related to penile rigidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 116 men with or without complaints of sexual dysfunction. The maximum increase (penile circumference on erection-that when flaccid) and increase rate ¿(penile circumference on erection-that when flaccid)/penile circumference when flaccid¿ of penile circumference and penile rigidity were studied during artificial erection induced by intracavernous injection of vasoactivedrugs. RESULTS: When the maximum increase of penile circumference on erection was 21 mm or more, more than 80% of men achieved adequate rigidity of the penile for vaginal penetration. However, if the increase was 10 mm or less, all men had poor rigidity. In men having an increase of 11 mm or more and less than 21 mm, more than 80% did not achieve adequate rigidity if their penile circumference in the flaccid state was less than 95 mm. In contrast, 80% or more of the men showed penile rigidity sufficient for vaginal penetration when the flaccid circumference was 95 mm or more. Studies on the maximum increase rate revealed results similar to those in the study on the maximum increase. These two parameters had a similar diagnostic accuracy for evaluating penile rigidity. CONCLUSIONS: A higher prediction rate for penile rigidity was achieved by adding the parameter of penile circumference in the flaccid state to the maximum increase or increase rate of penile circumference. Thus, evaluation of erectile capacity by maximum changes (the increase in circumference or its rate) of penile circumference with an erectometer can be used for screening of men with sexual dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Detection of mycobacterial DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by duplex polymerase chain reaction: application to histopathologic diagnosis.

Granuloma is a chronic inflammatory process associated with noninfectious agents or infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Determination of the causative agent might be occasionally difficult in histopathologic sections. In this study, we examined 60 specimens of granuloma or inflammatory lesions that were originally diagnosed as 51 cases of granulomatous inflammation, 6 of leprosy, and 3 of atypical mycobacteriosis. The diagnoses in the last two categories were made both histologically and clinically. All of the sections and DNA were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were compared with the results of duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primers to amplify mycobacterial-common 383-base pair (bp) DNA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex-specific 240-bp DNA. Six samples of leprosy and three of atypical mycobacteriosis showed the 383-bp but not the 240-bp band. Among the 51 specimens of granulomatous inflammations, nine showed no band of even the beta-globin, the cases being excluded from this analysis. The 42 specimens of granulomatous inflammation were subdivided into three categories by PCR: (1) 383- and 240-bp positive; (2) 383-bp positive and 240-bp negative; and (3) both negative. Category 1 included 32 specimens (76.2%), being considered as tuberculosis. One specimen was classified into Category 2, indicating possible atypical mycobacterium. Category 3 included nine specimens, composed of five of sarcoidosis and four other agent-induced granulomas, when compared with histologic and clinical findings. These findings indicate that the PCR assay using DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded materials provides useful information to differentiate tuberculosis from other type of granulomas.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed1997

[Bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy accomporying pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia].

A 46-year-old man had had an occasional dry cough in the early morning since about the age of 20, but had received no treatment. He had been taking an antirheumatic drug for 2 years for rheumatoid arthritis. The patient complained of fever and dry coughing that began in the middle of November 1995, and he was treated for acute bronchitis. His condition did not improve, and he was admitted to the hospital in early December. Wheezing and rhonchi were heard in both lung fields. His white blood cell count was 19,000/mm3, and the eosinophil percent age was 48%. A chest CT scan revealed macular lesions with an increased density in both lung fields, and markedly swollen mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Analysis of alveolar lavage fluid revealed an increased number of cells (total) and eosinophilia (37%), and examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen indicated infiltration with eosinophils and lymphocytes. Our diagnosis was eosinophilic pneumonia. The patient's condition improved soon after the start of pulse therapy with steroids. Bilateral swelling of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes is rare in patients who have pulmonary in filtration with eosinophilia (the PIE syndrome).

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[An emergent surgical case of acute massive pulmonary embolism supported by antithrombotic percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system].

We present an emergent surgical case of massive pulmonary embolism. A 57-year-old male patient was refereed to our medical center for progressive dyspnea. He was intubated because of severe hypoxia. Pulmonary arteriography revealed massive pulmonary embolism. In the catheter laboratory he fell in shock and the heart was arrested, antithrombotic percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) was introduced immediately. Emergent thrombectomy was carried out consequently under moderate hypothermic complete cardiopulmonary bypass. Up to 30 x 20 x 10 mm in size fresh clots were removed. Antithrombotic PCPS and IABP were maintained for 168 hours postoperatively. There were no hemorrhagic complication during the support because low dose heparin was administered continuously to keep ACT around 150 sec. He discharged from the hospital two months later and alive in good health. In conclusion, antithrombotic PCPS is very useful to care massive pulmonary embolism with thrombectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Problems of the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma and neuroblastomas].

Neurons arising from neural tube or neural crest do not express epithelial markers from the beginning of their differentiation and neuroblastomas arising from these anlages also do not express epithelial markers. On the other hand, neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as small cell carcinomas of the respiratory tract, express epithelial markers in addition to neuronal or neuroendocrine markers and demonstration of epithelial marker has been regarded as subtle evidence to rule out neuroblastomas. However, this general rule can not be applied to olfactory neuroblastomas. Unlike neurons derives from neural tube or neural crest, developing neurons arising from the anlage of olfactory nerve, i.e., olfactory placode, have keratin during the embryonic stage. Accordingly, it is unnatural for neoplastic neuroblasts of olfactory placodal origin to have keratin as the embryonic phenotype. In addition, neurons arising from this anlage have an epithelial antigen (EA) detected by Ber-EP4 from the beginning of their differentiation, and this antigen is preserved in the olfactory sensory nerve even in the postnatal stage, though it is lost from the neurons migrating from olfactory placode to brain, i.e., luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone producing neurons (LHRH neurons) during post embryonic stage. Therefore, demonstration of this epithelial antigen in the tumor with neurite formation can be regarded as a satisfactory diagnostic evidence of true olfactory neuroblastoma. LHRH also seems to be a useful marker to determine true olfactory placodal origin of the neuroblastoma. Finally, it is concluded that demonstration of epithelial markers could not be regarded as evidence to rule out neuroblastoma developed in the olfactory nerve region.

Antigens↗
PubMed1997

Beneficial effects of long-term enalapril treatment and low-salt intake on survival rate of dahl salt-sensitive rats with established hypertension.

We investigated the effects of long-term treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril and low-salt intake on the survival rate of Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt (6.0% NaCl) diet. The systolic blood pressure of the rats increased gradually from 5 weeks of age and reached >240 mm Hg at 12 weeks of age. At this point, a low-salt diet group received a placebo (group 1, n = 10), and the high-salt diet group was divided into three groups: those given a placebo with the high-salt diet (group 2, n = 15), those given a chow change from a high- to a low-salt diet with a placebo (group 3, n = 14) and those given enalapril (30 mg/kg/day p.o., group 4, n = 14). At 19 weeks of age, all rats in group 1 were alive, and the survival rate of group 2 was only 40% (P < .001 vs. group 1). The survival rates of both groups 3 and 4 were significantly better: 86% (P < .01 vs. group 2) and 93% (P < .01), respectively. This beneficial effect on mortality was accompanied by an amelioration of the elevated plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and a decrease in the glomerular sclerosis lesion scores in both groups. These results suggested that a high-salt content diet and the renin-angiotensin system are deterioration factors in lethal renal damage and the limitation of the diet salt content and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system are important to improve the survival rate in high-salt-loaded hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1997

[Recent progress in surgical management for urogenital cancers--improvement of patients' QOL following surgery].

We report our experience of urinary reconstruction with ileal neobladder, and nerves-paring radical cystoprostatectomy or radical prostatectomy in an attempt to improve quality of life (QOL) in patients following surgery. While the ileal neobladder is not always indicated for patients who require cystectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma, voiding through the urethra in this urinary reconstruction contributes to improvement of post-cystectomy QOL. Daytime continence is achieved in 90% of patients. However, nighttime incontinence was found in 30%, which indicates a need for further refinement of the operative procedures or more investigations into the mechanism of continence in this condition. Recovery of erectile function following nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy or prostatectomy was found in 50% of the patients who received this procedure. Subjective and objective erectile capacity before operation partly determine post-operative erectile function. Several patients whose post-operative erectile function was recovered had not had sexual intercourse after surgery. Anxiety about the disease, still inadequate penile rigidity and a non-cooperative attitude of the sexual partner were involved in the results, suggesting that more careful care and counseling before and after operation are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

cDNA cloning and expression of intracellular platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase II. Its homology with plasma PAF acetylhydrolase.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase, which inactivates PAF by removing the acetyl group at the sn-2 position, is widely distributed in plasma and tissues. We previously demonstrated that tissue cytosol contains at least two types of PAF acetylhydrolase, isoforms Ib and II, and that isoform Ib is a heterotrimer comprising 45-, 30-, and 29-kDa subunits, whereas isoform II is a 40-kDa monomer. In this study, we isolated cDNA clones of bovine and human PAF acetylhydrolase isoform II. From the longest open reading frame of the cloned cDNAs, both bovine and human PAF acetylhydrolases II are predicted to contain 392 amino acid residues and to exhibit 88% identity with each other at the amino acid level. Both enzymes contain a Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif that is characteristic of lipases and serine esterases. Expression of isoform II cDNA in COS7 cells resulted in a marked increase in PAF acetylhydrolase activity. An immunoblot study using an established monoclonal antibody against the bovine enzyme revealed that the recombinant protein exists in the membranous fraction as well as the soluble fraction. Isoform II is expressed most abundantly in the liver and kidney in cattle, but low levels were also observed in other tissues. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA of isoform II had no homology with any subunit of isoform Ib. Interestingly, however, the amino acid sequence of isoform II showed 41% identity with that of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase. Combined with previous data demonstrating that isoform II shows similar substrate specificity to plasma PAF acetylhydrolase, these results indicate that tissue type isoform II and the plasma enzyme may share a common physiologic function.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1996

Transforming growth factor-alpha promotes tumor markers secretion from human ovarian cancers in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The regulatory mechanism of tumor markers secretion has not been well clarified. METHODS: Serum levels of CA 125 and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) from 17 patients with Stage III serous cystadenocarcinoma were measured prior to an initial surgical treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status was examined by an 125I-EGF binding assay in a human serous cystadenocarcinoma cell (SHIN-3) and in the 17 primary carcinomas. SHIN-3 cell and the EGFR-expressing primary cancer cells (n = 4) were cultured with or without various concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha), a ligand for EGFR, and the CA 125 and TPA concentrations in the conditioned media were measured. RESULTS: EGFR was expressed in 12 primary carcinomas and in the SHIN-3 cell, and it was absent in the remaining 5 carcinomas. Pre-therapeutic serum CA 125 and TPA levels were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in patients with EGFR-expressing carcinomas (n = 5). These data suggest a possible involvement of EGFR in regulating these tumor markers secretion. TGF-alpha increased the CA 125 and TPA secretion from SHIN-3 cell. It also promoted the CA 125 secretion in 2 of 4 EGFR-expressing primary ovarian carcinoma specimens. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a signal through the EGFR may be involved in regulating the CA 125 and TPA secretion from human ovarian carcinomas.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1996

SRB1, a class B scavenger receptor, recognizes both negatively charged liposomes and apoptotic cells.

Scavenger receptors mediate the recognition of a wide range of negatively charged macromolecules such as acetylated low-density lipoproteins (AcLDL). We previously reported the isolation of CHO cell variants expressing a novel type of scavenger receptor, distinct from type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors, that recognize both AcLDL and negatively charged liposomes. In the present study, we found that these isolated CHO cells express class B scavenger receptors (SRB1), which have recently been identified as a new member of the CD36 family of membrane proteins. The isolated CHO cells and CHO transfectants constitutively expressing SRB1 recognized and mediated the endocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis as well as that of negatively charged liposomes. In contrast, CHO cells constitutively expressing type I or II scavenger receptors were unable to take up these ligands.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A research to develop a predicting system of mammalian subacute toxicity. II. Single dose detailed toxicity studies.

"Single dose detailed toxicity study" in rats was conducted with 6 chemical substances to establish a predicting system of subacute toxicity of non-congeneric industrial chemicals. In the detailed examinations, new and previously reported biological parameters were developed and utilized for the establishment and confirmation of the correlations for both qualitative and quantitative prediction of target organs and effects in repeated dose toxicity studies of non-congeners; the new parameters were concerned with liver, kidneys and blood and the established relating equations for prediction had a correlation coefficient of 0.83 (liver), 0.49 (kidneys) and 0.94 (blood), while the old parameters effectively confirmed the previous correlations. The serial changes in the study gave a biological explanation to the established relationships between acute and subacute toxicities in terms of extrapolation.

Animals↗