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Biomedical subjects

H Abe

Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of ACNU and radiotherapy on malignant glioma.

A randomized clinical study of irradiation and irradiation combined with ACNU in the treatment of malignant gliomas was performed in order to determine if there was an enhancing therapeutic effect of ACNU given in addition to radiotherapy. An effect was defined as a reduction in tumor size, changes in neurological signs and performance status within 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy, or statistically improved survival times. Seventy-seven patients from 14 neurosurgical clinics were included in this validated study group. Radiotherapy with a total dose of 5000 to 6000 rads, given in 25 to 30 subdoses, was applied to the whole brain and to a generous field surrounding the tumor. Patients who were assigned to receive chemotherapy were given ACNU intravenously once or twice during radiotherapy at a dose of 100 mg/sq m of body surface area. The response rate (more than 50% reduction of the tumor size) was 13.5% in the group treated by radiotherapy alone and 47.5% in the group with radiotherapy and ACNU. The hematological toxicity was more severe in the group treated with radiotherapy and ACNU. Other toxicity was mild and acceptable. The survival rates of patients with astrocytoma grade III and glioblastoma multiforme at 36 months after the surgery were 48.9% and 0% for radiotherapy alone and 59.0% and 16.3% for radiotherapy plus ACNU, respectively. The differences between the survival curves were not significant at the p = 0.05 level. This study has demonstrated that, although the use of ACNU during radiotherapy suppressed malignant gliomas more than radiotherapy alone, the survival time was not extended significantly. It is necessary to continue to search for an effective chemotherapeutic regimen to prolong survival of patients with malignant gliomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[The N2 component of event-related potentials to CV syllables in a task-free situation].

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects simply listened to sequences of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables. Each sequence was presented in random order and consisted of two kinds of CV syllables--90% ('frequent') and 10% ('rare deviant'), respectively. The features separating these two syllables were varied in phoneme (consonant and/or vowel) or intensity in different runs. In all eight conditions, a fronto-centrally dominant, negative wave peaking around 200 ms (N2) was observed for the deviants. The shorter latency N2 was found for the separating features of vowels or intensities but not for consonants. The results were interpreted as showing that N2 reflects a covert orienting response to rare deviants and that its latency can serve as an index for identifying the separating feature. Observation of N2 in the task-free situation suggested that it might be a useful tool for assessing linguistic discriminability in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin (PVB) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of intracranial malignant germ cell tumors--a preliminary report of a phase II study--The Japanese Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Study Group].

Cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin (PVB) combination chemotherapy was undertaken in 30 patients with primary intracranial malignant germ cell tumors in 11 neurosurgical clinics. The response rate of 17 evaluable patients with nonrecurrent tumors was 64.7% (eight CR and three PR), and that in eight patients with recurrent tumors was 50% (two CR and two PR). The one-year and two-year survival rates were 76.2% and 67.7%, respectively, which are better than the treatment results by radiation therapy alone, i.e., 69.8% and 46.5%. These findings suggest that PVB therapy is effective for intracranial malignant germ cell tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical studies of cefoperazone in neurosurgery].

A multicenter trial consisting of 164 institutions through out Japan, has been conducted to study the transfer of cefoperazone (CPZ) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the clinical effectiveness of CPZ as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent in neurosurgery. The levels of CPZ in serum and CSF were determined in 96 patients. After initial dose of 2 g CPZ (intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes), the serum level of CPZ after 1 hour was 124.5 +/- 6.6 micrograms/ml (Mean +/- S.E.), and even after 6 hours, it maintained as high as 47.8 +/- 16.6 micrograms/ml. The peak CPZ levels in CSF in patients with normal or minimal impairment in blood-CSF-barrier (BCB) (group I) and in those of localized impairment in BCB (group II) were 1.0 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 3.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml at 3 hours, respectively. The highest CSF level was seen in patients with meningitis (group III) and showed 5.0 +/- 2.4 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. After multiple dose of 2 g CPZ (intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes), the serum kinetics of CPZ were not significantly different from those obtained after initial dose. However, the CPZ levels in CSF were higher than those observed after initial dose in all 3 groups and were higher than MIC75 against relevant pathogens for meningitis such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, in group III peak level of CPZ in CSF exceeded the MIC75 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is also frequently isolated from patients with meningitis in neurosurgery. As a therapeutic agent CPZ administered as sole agent was effective in 42 out of 55 cases (76.4%) in meningitis, in 78 out of 116 cases (67.2%) in pneumonia and in 36 out of 47 cases (76.6%) in urinary tract infection (UTI). Its efficacy rate against all infections treated was 72.2% (184/255). Regarding CPZ's prophylactic use, 39 out of 514 cases (7.6%) were judged as having or possibly having infections as follows; meningitis (13/514, 2.5%), pneumonia (15/514, 2.9%), UTI (2/514, 0.4%). In prophylactic use of CPZ, the incidence rates of postoperative meningitis and other central nervous system (CNS) infection following ventricular drainage and supratentorial craniotomy for aneurysm were higher than those observed in other types of operation, 12.0% (3/25) and 6.2% (8/130), respectively. Also, regarding prophylactic use of CPZ, the organisms isolated by culture from 13 cases of postoperative CNS infections included 2 strains of Staphylococcus sp., 1 strain of Serratia sp. and 3 strains of other Gram-negative bacteria (GNB).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found useful in the evaluation and management of patients with intramedullary tumors. Both T1 and T2 weighted images are mandatory for depicting intramedullary pathology and sizable change of the spinal cord. Intratumoral cysts and syrinxes were often associated with tumors and shown as a low signal intensity on the T1 weighted image. Computed tomography (CT) with intravenous iodine showed enhancement of tumor nodules, in all mixed gliomas, ependymomas and hemangioblastomas. Enhanced MRI using gadolinium-DTPA is equal or superior to enhanced CT in localizing intramedullary tumors.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Radionuclide ventriculographic assessment of cardiac function based on the analysis of cardiac reserve during dynamic exercise].

To evaluate the contribution of myocardial contractility and preload to increase cardiac output during supine bicycle exercise, quantitative radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest (R) and during peak exercise (Ex) in 43 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 13 normal subjects. Myocardial contractility was estimated from the ratio of peak systolic pressure to end-systolic volume index (P/V index). During Ex in normal subjects, P/V index invariably increased and its percent change from R to Ex averaged 98 +/- 46 percent. Stroke index (SI) in normal subjects increased from 48 +/- 9 to 57 +/- 7 ml/m2 during Ex (p less than 0.001) without an increase in end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) (76 +/- 11 vs 78 +/- 11 ml/m2, NS). Ten of 43 patients with CAD, whose percent increase in P/V index was more than 40 percent, showed a significant increase in SI during Ex (44 +/- 5 vs 51 +/- 12 ml/m2, p +/- 0.05) without an increase in EDVI (86 +/- 14 vs 87 +/- 15 ml/m2, NS). In 16 of 43 patients with CAD whose percent increase in P/V index was less than 40 percent, SI increased from 44 +/- 10 to 51 +/- 15 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01) during Ex with an increase in EDVI (102 +/- 24 vs 117 +/- 29 ml/m2, p less than 0.001). In the remaining 17 patients with CAD whose P/V index decreased during Ex, SI did not increase during Ex (48 +/- 14 vs 44 +/- 12 ml/m2, NS) despite an increase in EDVI (80 +/- 19 vs 94 +/- 18 ml/m2, p less than 0.01). These results indicate that the Frank-Starling mechanism operates under limited augmentation in myocardial contractility, and that its compensatory function may have limitations under the severely depressed reserve of myocardial contractility.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[The coexistence of basal epidermoid tumor and trigeminal neurinoma within the posterior fossa].

Recently we encountered one case with basal epidermoid tumor originated in the cerebellopontine angle, associated with a trigeminal neurinoma of the Gasserian ganglion and trigeminal root within both middle and posterior fossa. We wish to present the case with an analytical review of the reported cases of multiple intracranial tumors. The patient was a 49-year-old man who noted the onset of left facial nerve palsy in March, 1974, which lasted for several years. In April 1976, he developed unsteadiness of gait which was not worsening. He noted left facial pain and paresthesias of tongue in October, 1981 and was pointed out as having left hearing disturbance by a physician. He was admitted to our hospital on December 11, 1981. Neurological examination showed hypalgesia and hypesthesia on his left face, left VII cranial nerve palsy and left-sided hearing loss. The IX and X cranial nerves were also involved with absent gag reflexes on the left side and swallowing difficulty. Tongue was deviated to the right on protrusion. He had mild ataxia of the left limbs, ataxic gait and horizontal gaze nystagmus to the right. He had neither café-au-lait spot nor subcutaneous tumor suggestive of von Recklinghausen's disease. CT scan revealed water density lesion in the prepontine and cerebellopontine cisterns which seemed to distort brainstem posteriorly. Metrizamide CT cisternography showed a large fungated mass filling the basal cistern. These findings strongly suggested the presence of an epidermoid tumor. A left suboccipital craniectomy was performed on May 13, 1982. A large pearly mass filling the basal cistern was removed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Empyema of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum vergae--case report].

A case of an empyema of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae is reported. A 60-year-old male was admitted because of fever, chill shivering, and slight conscious disturbance four days after head trauma. CT scan on admission showed cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae. Lumbar puncture revealed whitish cloudy CSF containing 12256/3 WBC. So he was treated with antibiotics under the diagnosis of suppurative meningitis. Five days after administration of antibiotics high fever went down and consciousness was cleared. But about 10 days later his conscious level was lowered again. The follow up CT demonstrated remarkable expansion of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae with enhanced cavity wall. Empyema of the cavums was suspected and stereotaxic operation was performed. 10 ml of yellowish pus was aspirated. Post operative course was uneventful. CT scan of 15 days after operation revealed a marked decrease in size of the cavums, which almost completely disappeared three months later. Case similar to this was not found to be reported. The mechanism of formation of empyema of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae after meningitis in this case is discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of deformation in the potassium-arrested canine left ventricle using the finite element model.

A finite element model for the diastolic canine left ventricle based on large deformation theory has been developed. The myocardial stress-strain relation determined by the diastolic pressure-volume relation was used in this study. The ventricle was assumed as a homogeneous, isotropic, thick-walled solid of revolution with variable thickness. The predicted shapes based on the model were in close agreement with the shapes recorded by two-dimensional echocardiography. The stress calculated at the subendocardium was considerably larger as compared to that at the subepicardium. For example, at an intraventricular pressure of 10 cmH2O, the stress at the subendocardium was 80 g/cm2 and about four times larger than that at the subepicardium.

Animals↗