Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.
Ginsenosides, which were extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, induced well the development of subcellular organelles in cultured Morris hepatoma cells (MH1C1).
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An instrument for the control of blood glucose in a closed-loop fashion has been developed. This artificial beta cell consists of 4 subunits: a Glucose Monitor, a Microcomputer, an Insulin Infusion Pump and a Printer. Its internal control algorithm was derived from the modeled dynamics of glucose-induced insulin secretion, and includes the effects of both the proportional and derivative actions of blood glucose concentration, and is expressed as: IIR = Kp . BG + Kd . deltaBG + Kc, where IIR is insulin infusion rate, BG and deltaBG are blood glucose concentration and rate of change in glycemia, respectively. Kp and Kd are individual coefficients and Kc is a constant of basal insulin secretion. The performance of this system was studied with various kinds of glucose challenges on anaesthetized depancreatized dogs. Its notable characteristics were: 1) the insulin infusion rate was such as to maintain physiological insulin levels, and 2) dextrose or glucagon infusions were not required.
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Some characteristics of "the fast response" to frequency modulation were explored here by examining (1) CM and AP in animal experiment and (2) BER in human study. CM to frequency modulated tone showed frequency change and amplitude change, the latter of which is probably due to frequency characteristics of the sound conductive system of the ear. Compared with AP to tone burst, latency and amplitude of AP to FM tone depends less on stimulus intensity. AP to FM tone is suspected to be a result of new excitement of the restricted area stimulated by shifted frequency. The result of analysis on human BER is well consistent with the result of AP study in animal experiment, and latency curves of BER were to some extent linear to a log scale of shifted frequencies. Thus, FM tone is possibly a frequency specific stimulus.
An artificial endocrine pancreas has been developed by adding a glucose infusion system to the artificial beta cell system. In this computer algorithm, glucose is infused on the basis of proportional and derivative actions to blood glucose concentration with the time delay constant between blood withdrawal and initiation of glucose infusion. When glucose was infused on the basis of proportional action with a 20-minute time delay, the prompt restoration to normoglycemia from the hypoglycemic state with a smaller amount of glucose was shown in depancreatized dogs. These results indicate that the artificial endocrine pancreas thus prepared is not only a useful device to safely control blood glucose, but also is an efficient research tool for the analysis of the blood glucose regulatory mechanism.
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We have observed rotational excursion, comprising anteroposterior and right to left movement of the heart, and cardiac twist around the long axis in 2 patients with massive pericardial effusion, using a phased-array echocardiograph recently developed in this country. Sagittal real-time cross-sections showed only the anteroposterior swing motion, but horizontal cross-sections revealed a counterclockwise rotational excursion and cardiac twist during this rotational excursion. The rotational excursion consisted of a rapid and almost straight movement right and posteriorly in systole, and a slow arcing excursion left and anteriorly in diastole. The speed of this movement was not uniform. The heart disclosed dominant counterclockwise twisting motions in mid to late systole and in late diastole, synchronous with atrial contraction. These movements were described relative to an external system of co-ordinates. Controls, consisting of a normal healthy subject, and cases with mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, did not show any rotational excursion. In the latter 2 diseases, cardiac twists were observed, but they were less dominant than in cases with massive pericardial effusion.
We evaluated the usefulness and limitations of praecordial ST segment mapping as a clinical means of assessing the size of acute myocardial infarction in 14 patients with anterior myocardial infarction and 13 patients with inferior myocardial infarction. sigma ST, the sum of ST segment elevations, and nST, the number of leads showing ST segment elevation, were obtained from serial electrocardiograms recorded through 39 praecordial leads. The infarct size and period of the evolution of myocardial infarction were estimated respectively from the total creatine kinase (CK) released and the serial changes of the CK releasing rate. sigma ST and nST obtained at the time when the CK release had ceased correlated closely with the total CK released. Peak sigma ST and nST, and values 48 hours after the onset of myocardial infarction, also correlated well with the total CK released; but those on admission or 12 hours after the onset correlated poorly. These results suggest that sigma ST and nST at the end of evolution of myocardial infarction or 48 hours after the onset may be two useful indices for the assessment of infarct size in patients with either anterior or inferior myocardial infarction.
Chinese medicine was used in the treatment of a patient with pemphigus vulgaris in combination with corticosteroid (bethamethasone). Results indicate that the use of Chinese medicine in combination with corticosteroid is a highly effective treatment method for pemphigus erythematosus.
20 patients with moderate renal failure (serum creatinine 4.5--12.0 mg/dl) and some uremic symptoms on a diet ad libitum were treated with a high caloric diet containing 0.5--0.7 g/kg/day protein, supplemented with eight essential amino acids and histidine in the form of solution and/or granules. During the treatment uremic symptoms subsided or diminished without the signs of malnutrition, SUN and the ratio SUN/S-creatinine fell and the nitrogen balance and the ratio N-balance/intake N improved. The serum concentration and the urinary excretion of MG and GSA of the 12 patients were determined by Stein's method using the modified Sakaguchi reaction. In all patients, the serum concentration and the urinary excretion of MG and GSA diminished remarkably during the treatment with a low protein diet alone and furthermore with a low protein diet and essential amino acid supply. We concluded that conservative treatment -- low nitrogen diet supplemented with sufficient calories and essential amino acids -- improved the nutritional state of uremic subjects, and decreased the metabolic production of MG and GSA. The results show that the supplementation of essential amino acids to uremic patients may be a useful treatment.
The dynamic property of insulin secretion in relation to glucose tolerance was investigated quantitatively during iv glucose tolerance tests in 237 cases. The following results were obtained; 1) Glucose clearance constant (k-value) was not constant but variable with time and should be expressed as a function of time, K(t). In normal glucose tolerance, K(t) became greater with time. 2) Glucose-induced insulin secretion was expressed as the function of a proportional plus derivative response to glucose concentration. A weighting function of derivative response, reflecting the insulin secretion per unit of rate of change in blood glucose concentration, was calculated from blood glucose concentration (input) and insulin concentration (output) by the deconvolution method. It was clearly shown that the gain in weighting function was small and the response was slow even in the individual whose glucose tolerance was slightly impaired. 3) The greater the weighting function, the larger the change in K(t).
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