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Biomedical subjects

H A Guthrie

Publications and source records attributed to H A Guthrie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Impact of providing milk options and nutrient information in school lunch progams.

The impact of offering junior and senior high school students a choice of whole, skim, and low-fat milk within the Type A lunch pattern, with and without providing nutritional information at point of purchase, was investigated. When such an option was offered, approximately 13 per cent of the students chose either skim or low-fat milk. When nutritional information was made available concurrently, this percentage increased to 20, with more than 80 per cent of those students choosing low-fat milk. The older students used the options significantly more frequently than did the junior high students. Waste of skim milk, the taste of which was described as watery, was greater than that of the other types of milk. Although most students chose the type of milk they had at home, 16 per cent indicated that their choice was influenced by information on the fat and caloric content of milks provided by posters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Mothers' compliance with physicians' recommendations on infant feeding.

One hundred thirty-one mothers who were patients of ten physicians were surveyed to determine their compliance with physician-recommended infant feeding practices. For a direct, self-reported measure, the rate of non-compliance was nearly 30 per cent. A second measure, a "compliance score," was computed by comparing mothers' responses to specific questions about the feeding of their babies with their physcians' recommendations for normal, healthy infants. The mean noncompliance rate on this measure was 44 per cent. Differing response patterns regarding specific feeding practices were found for breast-feeding and bottle feeding mothers. To determine selected psychologic factors associated with compliance, health-related attitude and belief scales were originated and validated. Attitudes that "nutrition is important" and a "concern for health" were significantly correlated with the compliance score for breast-feeding mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Iron deficiency hyperlipidemia in 18-day-old rat pups: effects of milk lipids, lipoprotein lipase, and triglyceride synthesis.

Three levels of iron (5, 29, 307 ppm iron) were fed to rats from conception through the 18th day of lactation. Dams in the 5 ppm iron group and pups in the 5 and 29 ppm iron groups developed anemia characterized by lower hemoglobin and hematocrit values than control animals. Liver and spleen levels of iron in dams and pups in the 5 and 29 ppm iron groups were lower than in the 307 ppm iron groups. Milk iron was lower in the 5 ppm iron group than in the 29 and 307 ppm iron groups. Pups in the 5 ppm iron group had hyperlipidemia characterized by elevated serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Milk lipids and post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase levels in pups did not differ among experimental groups. Triglyceride and CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose were significantly greater in the iron-deficient pups than in control pups. Hyperlipidemia in 18-day-old iron-deficient rat pups appears to be related to increased endogenous production of triglycerides.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1977

Fatty acid patterns of human milk.

An analysis of the fatty acid content of 110 early morning samples of breast milk from 26 mothers shows a shift in the fatty acid pattern toward higher values for C 18:2 fatty acids than those reported previously. This shift has paralleled an increase in the use of vegetable oils and an increase in the P/S ratio of the American diet. The fatty acid pattern varied from day to day only for C 18:1. There were no significant variations among morning, midday, and evening values for samples provided by eight mothers.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1977

Effect of a flavored milk option in a school lunch program.

An analysis of nutrient intake and of plate waste for four hundred elementary school children, when an option of chocolate milk was provided in the school lunch program, shows significantly higher intakes of calcium and riboflavin, lower intakes of iron, greater food waste, and significantly less waste of milk. Participation in the school lunch program was not affected by the announced availability of flavored milk in ten schools serving 3,700 children; however, significantly (p less than 0.01) more children bought milk alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Physical and intellectual development in Philippine children fed five different dietary staples.

Assessments of dietary intake, intelligence, physical growth, and clinical signs of malnutrition were made on 600 children from five Philippine communities. Five boys and five girls each at ages 8,9, and 10 from poor and less poor families drawn from town and rural schools in each community were examined. Dietary staples were rice, fish, corn, coconuts, and sweet potatoes, respectively, at the five sites. Analyses of variance indicated marked differences among communities in nutrient intake based on 24-hr recall, in intellectual and anthropometric measures and in clinical signs of malnutrition. There were few significant F ratios for urban-rural residence, socioeconomic status, sec, or age. There were positive correlations of approximately 0.20 between intake of calories and carbohydrates and intelligence; between calories and carbohydrates and anthropometric measures; and between intelligence and anthropometric measures. Clinical signs in the eye and on the skin showed low correlations of about-0.20 with dietary intake of protein, fat, thiamin, and riboflavin but not with vitamin A. In all communities energy intake was low reflecting limited fat consumption. Where rice or corn was the staple, thiamin and riboflavin were also frequent deficiencies; with fish, ascorbic acid; with sweet potatoes and coconuts, calcium, riboflavin, and thiamin. A very high incidence of eye changes, suggestive of a vitamin A deficiency, was found even where vitamin A intake seemed adequate.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1976

Copper, iron, and zinc contents of mature human milk.

Daily, weekly, and within-day variations in copper, iron, and zinc contents of human milk were investigated in order to determine whether one sample from an individual is representative of these elements. Total solids, fat, and protein contents were also measured. Fifty women in their 6th to 12th week of lactation each provided seven milk samples consisting of five consecutive daily samples and two additional samples collected either within a single day or at weekly intervals. Fat varied the most of all constituents and total milk solids reflected this variability. Values ranged from 0.2 to 10.4 g/100 ml for fat and from 8.58 to 17.49 g/100 ml for total solids. Protein varied from 0.76 to 2.04 g/100 ml among individuals, with little variation within an individual. Copper content varied considerably among women and within the same woman. With a large proportion of low values, the range was 0.09 to 0.63 mug/ml. Iron content was also found to vary within women as well as among women. Values ranged from less than 0.1 to 1.6 mug/ml with a preponderance of low values. Zinc content was more evenly distributed over the range of 0.14 to 3.95 mug/ml,and within an individual it did not vary widely. A representative estimate of copper and iron contents would therefore require multiple samples, whereas only one sample may provide a representative estimate of zinc content. Comparison of morning, midday, and evening values showed that copper and zinc are higher in the morning and iron is lower at this time. Increased amounts of copper, iron, and zinc were found in multiparous women whether or not they had previously lactated. Milk from older women had lower iron and higher copper and zinc contents than that from younger women. No differences were found in milk of women receiving dietary mineral and vitamin supplements. Calculations indicated that fully breast fed infants under 3 months of age receive approximately 0.35 mg/kg per day of zinc and 0.05 mg/kg per day of both copper and iron.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Nutritional status measures as predictors of nutritional risk in preschool children.

Data from 19 dietary and biochemical indices of nutritional status for 419 participants in the Preschool Nutrition Survey were analyzed to determined the smallest number of variables that could be used to identify all children with any of measure below a criterion of adequacy. Serum transferrin iron and dietary iron intake identified 74% of those at nutritional risk. Additional information on dietary calories, calcium, ascorbic acid, thiamin, and vitamin A identified all subjects at risk.

Ascorbic Acid Deficiency↗
PubMed1976

Validity of the 24-hr. recall. Analysis of data obtained from elderly subjects.

Tests of the validity of the 24-hr. dietary recall were done by comparing actual with recalled intakes for eight nutrients and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) for a sample of seventy-six subjects age sixty years or older. Validity was tested by using paired-t tests and regression analysis. In the paired-t test, no significant difference was found between the mean recalled and the mean actual intake of nutrients, with the exception of calories. Using regression analysis, results indicated that for three of the eight nutrients considered (calories, protein, and vitamin A), small intakes tend to be over-reported and large intakes under-reported (p less than .05). Thus, for these three nutrients, the recall seems to be statistically conservative for group comparisons; it would seldom, if ever, indicate a difference in intake where no difference exists. But, it could yield a false negative, i.e., an indication of no significant difference, when, in fact, a difference does exist. Clearly, more research is needed, both to replicate this study and to develop techniques with greater internal validity for comparing the dietary intakes of groups.

Aged↗