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Geoff Hogg

Publications and source records attributed to Geoff Hogg.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

The immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine in a primary vaccination series at 2, 4 and 6 months given concurrently with Hib, hepatitis B and diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis vaccines administered as three separate injections or as a combination pentavalent vaccine.

The increasing number of infant immunisations has spurred development of novel combination vaccines. This investigation assesses the immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) under current and possible new conditions, to help ensure vaccination regimes continue to provide optimal protection against polio in the final stages of polio eradication. Neutralising antibody titres were measured in approximately 200 infants immunised with OPV at 2, 4 and 6 months in tandem with either a combined pentavalent liquid Haemophilus influenza B (Hib), hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis vaccine or three separate but concurrently administered licensed vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis (DTP), lyophilised Hib, and hepatitis B). Following three doses of OPV, at least 98% of infants demonstrated neutralising antibodies at 1:8 to each poliovirus type under both vaccination regimes, and geometric mean titres (GMTs) well above the suggested protective titre were also observed for all poliovirus types. OPV appears to be effective not only in producing protective antibody titres in an extremely high proportion of infants when given in combination with currently licensed vaccines, but also when administered together with the combination pentavalent vaccine under study. This is encouraging for the continued role of OPV in infant immunisation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Immunity to poliomyelitis in Victorians.

OBJECTIVES: In view of WHO's goal for poliomyelitis eradication by 2005 and the possible introduction of IPV into the Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule, this investigation was conducted to assess current immunity to poliomyelitis across the Victorian community. METHODS: 1,775 sera collected from three population samples within the Victorian community between 1990 and 1995 were tested for neutralising antibody titres against each poliovirus type in accordance with WHO recommended procedure. RESULTS: In infants over three months and adults under 40 years, 76-100% of people in each age group were seropositive to all poliovirus types, with 90-100% seropositive to type I, 94-100% seropositive to type II and 80-97% seropositive to type III. Of the very small number of adults over 40 years tested (n = 13), 85% were seropositive to each of types I and II, and 62% to type III. 92% of vaccination histories taken and checked were confirmed, and reported immunisation rates were significantly below seropositive rates. CONCLUSIONS: According to poliovirus antibody seroprevalence, current immunity to poliomyelitis appears sufficient for herd immunity. When compared with vaccination histones, significantly more people demonstrated immunity to poliomyelitis than the number who reported having been vaccinated against it, indicating the possible role of intestinal vaccine strain poliovirus spread in maintaining high immunity levels. IMPLICATIONS: The current Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule has successfully provided protective levels of poliomyelitis immunity for the Victorian community in the absence of wild virus since at least 1972. This must be considered in assessing the future direction of Australia's poliomyelitis immunisation program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Multilocus sequence typing scheme for Enterococcus faecium.

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for Enterococcus faecium. Internal fragments from seven housekeeping genes of 123 epidemiologically unlinked isolates from humans and livestock and 16 human-derived isolates from several outbreaks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and The Netherlands were analyzed. A total of 62 sequence types were detected in vancomycin-sensitive E. faecium (VSEF) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREF) isolates. VSEF isolates were genetically more diverse than VREF isolates. Both VSEF and VREF isolates clustered in host-specific lineages that were similar to the host-specific clustering obtained by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Outbreak isolates from hospitalized humans clustered in a subgroup that was defined by the presence of a unique allele from the housekeeping gene purK and the surface protein gene esp. The MLST results suggest that epidemic lineages of E. faecium emerged recently worldwide, while genetic variation in both VREF and VSEF was created by longer-term recombination. The results show that MLST of E. faecium provides an excellent tool for isolate characterization and long-term epidemiologic analysis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Detection and subgrouping of respiratory syncytial virus directly from nasopharyngeal aspirates.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay to identify the subgroup of the infecting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain directly from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). METHODS: A total of 154 NPAs which were positive for RSV antigen by direct immunofluorescence were subjected to RT-PCR. The primers used were designed to give products for subgroup A and B which were of different sizes and easily visualized on agarose electrophoresis. The PCR products were further analyzed by restriction analysis using enzymes which were unique or rare cutters within the PCR amplimer. RESULTS: It was possible to confirm RSV infection in 70% of the NPA samples studied. Of these, 92.6% belonged to the A group, and only 7.4% to the B group. Within the A group, six subgroups were identified using restriction analysis, while all B-group samples were identical to the prototype B strain, 18537. CONCLUSION: RT-PCR performed on RNA isolated directly from NPAs provides a quick, easy-to-use, reasonably sensitive method to identify and group the infecting RSV strain.

Journal Article↗