Biomedical subjects

Gary R Bond

Publications and source records attributed to Gary R Bond.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in people with schizophrenia.

This study evaluated the hypothesis that trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity would be positively associated with schizophrenia symptoms. Forty-seven clients with schizophrenia were assessed for schizophrenia severity and for lifetime trauma history and PTSD symptoms in 2 independent symptom interviews; 35 (74%) participants reported at least 1 event in which there was threat of harm or life threat and subjective distress, and 6 (13%) had current PTSD. Trauma across the life span was associated with greater severity of PTSD. Within the total sample, PTSD symptoms were associated with greater emotional distress, but not with schizophrenia-specific symptoms. Distress among clients with schizophrenia and PTSD suggests the need for routine assessment of PTSD and development of PTSD interventions in this population.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Social cognition and neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

While research equivocally supports a relationship between social cognition and neurocognition, it is less clear whether social cognition is related to general cognitive functioning or whether specific aspects of social cognition are linked with specific forms of neurocognition. Thus, this study sought to investigate the relationships between various domains of neurocognition and two forms of social cognition, social cue recognition and social problem solving, for 40 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Step-wise multiple regressions found that performance on neurocognitive tests was able to predict 47% and 38% of the variance on measures of the ability to recognize actual and suggested social cues, respectively, and 13% of participants' ability to problem solve in ambiguous social situations. Once estimated intelligence and hospitalization history were controlled, however, neurocognition no longer significantly predicted social problem solving. Executive functioning was uniquely related to each type of social cue recognition, while memory predicted only the recognition of concrete social cues.

Cognition Disorders↗

PubMed2002

A comparison of experts' perspectives on assertive community treatment and intensive case management.

This study compared experts' views on the critical ingredients of assertive community treatment and intensive case management. Twenty experts on assertive community treatment and 22 experts on intensive case management rated the importance of 40 elements common to each treatment approach. The assertive community treatment experts gave higher importance ratings than the intensive case management experts to 37 of the 40 items; for 21 of these items, the ratings were significantly higher. Differences in importance ratings were greatest for organizational and structural elements and smallest for treatment goals. The results of this study indicate that although intensive case management resembles assertive community treatment in most respects, assertive community treatment may be a more clearly articulated model overall.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2002

An exploratory study of what clients like least about assertive community treatment.

As part of a larger interview, clients of assertive community treatment programs answered an open-ended question about what they liked least about assertive community treatment. Of 182 clients, 44 percent reported that they disliked nothing; 21 percent said that they disliked features that are considered specific to assertive community treatment, such as home visits, or that have been criticized in the literature, such as intrusiveness; 16 percent said that they were dissatisfied with underimplementation of elements thought to characterize assertive community treatment, such as frequency of visits; and 19 percent said that they were dissatisfied with general aspects of mental health service delivery, such as an inconvenient office location. Compared with clients of programs with low levels of fidelity to assertive community treatment, clients of high-fidelity programs had fewer complaints overall and fewer complaints about features considered to be specific to assertive community treatment.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed2002

Social relationships at work: does the employment model make a difference?

Social networks at work are a poorly understood component of the vocational experience of persons with severe mental illnesses. In an exploratory study, we interviewed 104 employed clients from two types of employment programs: one emphasizing a gradual sequence of group and individual placements in protected jobs and the other consisting of a supported employment model emphasizing individual, competitive placements. Using a newly developed instrument, interviewers asked clients to identify coworkers and supervisors with whom they had contact and to rate each on several aspects of their relationships, including disclosure, emotional support, criticism, and overall satisfaction. The gradual, group-oriented approach was associated with more disclosure, emotional support, and overall satisfaction with supervisor relationships, and more emotional support but also more stress from coworker relationships, than the individual placement approach. We conclude that clients enrolled in gradual group-oriented vocational programs perceive more supervisory and coworker support than do clients working in individual placement programs, although implications for long-term success in community employment are unknown.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Comparison between the effects of atypical and traditional antipsychotics on work status for clients in a psychiatric rehabilitation program.

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have compared the impact of atypical antipsychotics with that of traditional antipsychotics on psychiatric symptoms, few have compared the impact on work status, especially in the context of best-practices psychiatric rehabilitation. METHOD: A cross-sectional design examined symptom and employment status for 82 clients with DSM-IV schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who had attended a psychiatric rehabilitation program for a mean of 5 years. Using chart review and client interviews, we examined the relationship between type of antipsychotic prescribed and symptom and work status in 59 clients prescribed an atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine or risperidone) for a mean of 20 months and 23 clients prescribed a traditional antipsychotic for a mean of 75 months. Measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and 2 work status measures: an 8-point employment status scale (the Work Placement Scale) and percentage of clients working in independent employment. RESULTS: The atypical group had significantly fewer symptoms of cognitive impairment and hostility/excitement than the traditional group (p < .05). However, self-reported adverse events were similar in the 2 medication groups, and the 2 groups did not differ significantly on work status. Less severe negative, cognitive, and hostility/excitement symptoms were associated with more independent employment status. CONCLUSION: For long-term clients in a psychiatric rehabilitation program, type of medication prescribed was associated with better symptom control but not better work status. The association between symptoms and work status, however, may suggest an indirect link favoring atypical antipsychotics for achieving paid employment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is it ACT yet? Real-world examples of evaluating the degree of implementation for assertive community treatment.

Despite growing interest in assessment of program implementation, little is known about the best way to evaluate whether a particular program has implemented the intended service to a level that is minimally acceptable to a funding source, such as a state mental health authority. Such is the case for assertive community treatment (ACT), an evidence-based practice being widely disseminated. Using an exploratory, actuarial approach to defining program standards, this study applies different statistical criteria for determining whether or not a program meets ACT standards using the 28-item Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Scale. The sample consists of 51 ACT programs, 25 intensive case management programs, and 11 brokered case management programs which were compared to identify levels of fidelity that discriminated between programs, but were still attainable by the majority of ACT programs. A grading system based on mean total score for a reduced set of 21 items appeared to be most attainable, but still discriminated ACT programs from other forms of case management. Implications for setting and evaluating ACT program standards are discussed.

Case Management↗