Biomedical subjects

Gang Li

Publications and source records attributed to Gang Li.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Critical role of calbindin-D28k in calcium homeostasis revealed by mice lacking both vitamin D receptor and calbindin-D28k.

Calbindin (CaBP)-D28k and CaBP-D9k are cytosolic vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins long thought to play an important role in transepithelial calcium transport. However, recent genetic studies suggest that CaBP-D28k is not essential for calcium metabolism. Genetic ablation of this gene in mice leads to no calcemic abnormalities. Genetic inactivation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene leads to hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, accompanied by 90% reduction in renal CaBP-D9k expression but little change in CaBP-D28k. To address whether the role of CaBP-D28k in calcium homeostasis is compensated by CaBP-D9k, we generated VDR/CaBP-D28k double knockout (KO) mice, which expressed no CaBP-D28k and only 10% of CaBP-D9k in the kidney. On a regular diet, the double KO mice were more growth-retarded and 42% smaller in body weight than VDRKO mice and died prematurely at 2.5-3 months of age. Compared with VDRKO mice, the double KO mice had higher urinary calcium excretion and developed more severe secondary hyperparathyroidism and rachitic skeletal phenotype, which were manifested by larger parathyroid glands, higher serum parathyroid hormone levels, much lower bone mineral density, and more distorted growth plate with more osteoid formation in the trabecular region. On high calcium, high lactose diet, blood-ionized calcium levels were normalized in both VDRKO and the double KO mice; however, in contrast to VDRKO mice, the skeletal abnormalities were not completely corrected in the double KO mice. These results directly demonstrate that CaBP-D28k plays a critical role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and skeletal mineralization and suggest that its calcemic role can be mostly compensated by CaBP-D9k.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Reversal of melanocytic malignancy by keratinocytes is an E-cadherin-mediated process overriding beta-catenin signaling.

Loss of E-cadherin in melanoma cells frees them from keratinocytes-mediated proliferation and phenotypic control, which can be restored by forced E-cadherin expression. In this study, E-cadherin and its derivatives were introduced into metastatic melanoma line 1205Lu. E-cadherin and E-cadherin-alpha-catenin fusion protein were functional in mediating cell adhesion, downregulating MCAM(4) in coculture, and inhibiting proliferation regardless of beta-catenin expression levels and activation status. In contrast, cytoplasmic domain-deleted (E-cadDeltaCYT) derivative was not able to reverse malignancy. The results indicate that E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is required for keratinocyte-mediated control of melanocytic cells, which can override proliferative activity of beta-catenin.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2004

Laser-induced time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry study on photo-dissociation of human and bovine oxyhemoglobin.

The dynamics of the enthalpy and volume changes related to the photo-dissociation of oxygen from human and bovine oxyhemoglobin are investigated by nanosecond time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC). The values of enthalpy and volume change associated with the above process are deltaH = 37.8 +/- 3 kcal/mol, deltaV = 5.0 +/- 1 ml/mol for human HbO(2); and deltaH = 35.7 +/- 3.5 kcal/mol, deltaV = 4.8 +/- 1 ml/mol for bovine HbO(2), respectively. A possible explanation for the similar values between both human and bovine oxyhemoglobin is proposed. In addition, the PAC results for human HbO(2) and HbCO are compared and discussed.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2004

Imatinib mesylate effectively combines with chaperone-rich cell lysate-loaded dendritic cells to treat bcr-abl+ murine leukemia.

Imatinib mesylate has become an effective agent for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the development of drug resistance has led to examination of combination therapies. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining imatinib with immunotherapy against a murine bcr-abl(+) leukemia, 12B1. We have previously shown that multiple chaperone proteins may be enriched into a vaccine form from tumor cell lysates by a free-solution isoelectric focusing method. We refer to these vaccines as chaperone-rich cell lysates (CRCLs) and have found that they are potent immunologic agents against a variety of murine tumors, including 12B1. We now demonstrate that the combination of imatinib with dendritic cells loaded with 12B1-derived CRCL yields high activation of anti-12B1-specific T cells and potent antitumor activity, resulting in tumor-free survival in up to 63% of mice with bcr-abl(+) 12B1 tumors. Our data suggest that immunotherapy can be effectively combined with imatinib for the treatment of CML.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[The significance of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor mRNA expression in superficial bladder cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mRNA expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) in superficial bladder cancer and its significance. METHODS: PD-ECGF mRNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR in 28 cases of superficial bladder cancers and 6 cases of normal bladder mucosa. The relation between PD-ECGF mRNA expression and tumor invasion to lamina propria or recurrence after transurethral resection was also analyzed. RESULTS: Some degree of PD-ECGF mRNA expression was present in all the samples. The PD-ECGF mRNA level was 3.1-fold higher in pT(1) tumors than in normal bladder mucosa (t = 2.13, P < 0.05) and 2.2-fold higher in pT(1) tumors than in pT(a) tumors (t = 2.66, P < 0.05); G(3) tumors expressed 3.3-fold higher PD-ECGF mRNA than normal bladder mucosa (t = 2.44, P < 0.05) and 2.5-fold higher than G(1 - 2) tumors (t = 3.36, P < 0.01). Eleven cases recurred during the mean follow-up period of 18 months. Three-fold higher PD-ECGF mRNA expression was showed in cases who recurred after transurethral resection than that in cases who did not recur (t = 4.49, P < 0.01). The specificity and sensitivity of predicting tumor recurrence were 82.4% and 81.8% respectively using 0.095 as a cutoff value of PD-ECGF mRNA level in this group of superficial bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: PD-ECGF mRNA expression correlates with tumor dedifferentiation and plays an important role in the early invasion in superficial bladder cancer. To analyze the PD-ECGF mRNA level contributes to the evaluations of tumor differentiation and invasion to lamina propria as well as recurrence prediction in superficial bladder cancer.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed2004

Bacterial cupredoxin azurin as an inducer of apoptosis and regression in human breast cancer.

Azurin, a copper-containing redox protein released by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is highly cytotoxic to the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, but is less cytotoxic toward p53-negative (MDA-MB-157) or nonfunctional p53 cell lines like MDD2 and MDA-MB-231. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of the action of bacterial cupredoxin azurin in the regression of breast cancer and its potential chemotherapeutic efficacy. Azurin enters into the cytosol of MCF-7 cells and travels to the nucleus, enhancing the intracellular levels of p53 and Bax, thereby triggering the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol. This process activates the caspase cascade (including caspase-9 and caspase-7), thereby initiating the apoptotic process. Our results indicate that azurin-induced cell death stimuli are amplified in the presence of p53. In vivo injection of azurin in immunodeficient mice harboring xenografted human breast cancer cells in the mammary fat pad leads to statistically significant regression (85%, P = 0.0179, Kruskal-Wallis Test) of the tumor. In conclusion, azurin blocks breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway both in vitro and in vivo, thereby suggesting a potential chemotherapeutic application of this bacterial cupredoxin for the treatment of breast cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2004

Alpha-fetoprotein stimulated the expression of some oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel 7402 cells.

AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on regulating the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS: Alpha-fetoprotein purified from human umbilical blood was added to cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel 7402 cells in vitro for various treatment periods. The expression of c-fos, c-jun, and N-ras mRNA involved in proliferation and differentiation of cells was analyzed by Northern blot, and the expression of mutative p53 and p21(ras) proteins was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The results showed that AFP (20 mg/L) stimulated mRNA expression of these oncogenes in Bel 7402 cells. The expression of c-fos mRNA increased by 51.1%, 60.9%, 96.0%, and 25.5% at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The expression of c-jun and N-ras mRNA reached to the maximum which increased by 81.3% and 59.9% as compared with the control after 6 h and 24 h incubation with AFP, respectively. Western blot assay also demonstrated that AFP promoted the expression of mutative p53 and p21(ras) proteins, and the increased rate of those proteins was 13.0%, 39.9%, and 70.9%, as well as 35.2%, 102.6%, and 46.8% at 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively, as compared with the control. Both human serum albumin (the same dosage as AFP) and monoclonal anti-AFP antibody failed to stimulate the expression of these oncogenes, but anti-AFP antibody could block the functions of AFP. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that AFP can stimulate the expression of some oncogenes to enhance the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel 7402 cells.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed2004

Suppression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 by RNA interference inhibits the metastatic potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic tumor characterized by close association with EBV. Of the EBV-encoded products, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) is thought to be the only oncoprotein playing an essential role in cell transformation as well as tumor metastasis. In this study, we tested the effect of suppressing LMP-1 by RNA interference (RNAi) on the proliferative and metastatic potentials of an EBV-positive NPC cell line, C666. We showed that stably suppressing LMP-1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid significantly altered cell motility, substratum adhesion, and transmembrane invasion ability. However, it has little effect on the rate of cell growth and cell cycle control. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of RNAi in suppressing LMP-1, supporting an important role of LMP-1 in NPC metastasis, and suggested a potential application of RNAi-mediated therapeutic strategy for EBV-related NPC.

Cell Adhesion↗

PubMed2004

RalA-exocyst interaction mediates GTP-dependent exocytosis.

Many secretory cells utilize a GTP-dependent pathway, in addition to the well characterized Ca2+-dependent pathway, to trigger exocytotic secretion. However, little is currently known about the mechanism by which this may occur. Here we show the key signaling pathway that mediates GTP-dependent exocytosis. Incubation of permeabilized PC12 cells with soluble RalA GTPase, but not RhoA or Rab3A GTPases, strongly inhibited GTP-dependent exocytosis. A Ral-binding fragment from Sec5, a component of the exocyst complex, showed a similar inhibition. Point mutations in both RalA (RalA(E38R)) and the Sec5 (Sec5(T11A)) fragment, which abolish RalA-Sec5 interaction also abolished the inhibition of GTP-dependent exocytosis. Moreover, transfection with wild-type RalA, but not RalA(E38R), enhanced GTP-dependent exocytosis. In contrast the RalA and the Sec5 fragment showed no inhibition of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, but cleavage of a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein by Botulinum neurotoxin blocked both GTP- and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. Our results indicate that the interaction between RalA and the exocyst complex (containing Sec5) is essential for GTP-dependent exocytosis. Furthermore, GTP- and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis use different sensors and effectors for triggering exocytosis whereas their final fusion steps are both SNARE-dependent.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

LPS-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra in rats.

In order to investigate the neurotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra and the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease, LPS was stereotaxically infused into substantia nigra (SN). At different dosages and different time points with 5 microg LPS, the damage of the dopaminergic neurons in SN was observed by using tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that 14 days after injection of 0.1 microg to 10 microg LPS into the rat SN, TH-positive (TH+) neurons in the SN were decreased by 5%, 15%, 20%, 45 %, 96% and 99% respectively. After injection of 5 microg LPS, as compared with the control groups, TH+ neurons began to decrease at 3rd day and obviously decrease at 14th day, only 5% of total cells, and almost disappeared 30 days later. The results suggested that LPS could induce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SN in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Signaling pathway involved in methionine enkephalin-promoted survival of lymphocytes infected by simian immunodeficiency virus in the early stage in vitro.

Methionine enkephalin, the endogenous opioid peptide, has a diversity of effects on the immune system. Although the biological effects of the pentapeptide have been well documented, little is known about the intracellular events involved in the effects of opioids on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected immune cells. In the present investigation, the possible mechanism of apoptosis alleviated by exposure of methionine enkephalin at 1 micromol/l to CEM x 174 cells, the hybrid lymphocytes, infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in vitro is elucidated. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis is carried out by flow cytometry, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1 and ERK2 is detected by Western blotting assay, and changes of calcium concentration were analyzed using the calcium-sensitive dye Fluo-3 AM. The results exhibit that methionine enkephalin at the concentrations of 1 micromol/l increase remarkably the proportion of vital cells and decrease the apoptotic cells based on annexin V binding assay. In response to the treatment with methionine enkephalin, SIV-infected cells display a prolonged survival and are accumulated in G1 phase. Methionine enkephalin increase obviously the content of intracellular calcium in normal cells within 1-2 min and maintains a high level within monitoring time. However, the intracellular calcium reaches the highest level at 1 min and subsequently decline to background in SIV infected group. In addition, methionine enkephalin also elevates the levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. It is proposed that calcium-PKC-MAPK cascade is involved in methionine enkephalin-prolonged survival of SIV-infected cells in the early stages of virus infection. The results provide a further evidence for potential use of methionine enkephalin on the therapy of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2004

An isothermal amplification system based on the tandem-repeated DNA probe.

The hybridization methods and polymerase-based amplification methods are usually employed to detect pathogens and gene expressions quantitatively in clinical practices nowadays. However, the sensitiveness of the former and the specificity of the latter are not yet satisfied. To solve this problem, some promising comprehensive methods have been developed recently. Here we reported a new comprehensive method, a tandem repeated DNA probe-based amplification (TRPBA) system. To establish the TRPBA, TR48, an artificial tandem repeated DNA probe with 48 repeats of a 50 base pair unit was constructed. It could be efficiently amplified by Bst DNA polymerase at 61 degrees C for only 1 h. The products were analyzed either by direct gel electrophoresis or by gel electrophoresis after the digestion with restriction endonuclease HincII. The sensitiveness was as few as 100 copies per test, which was comparable with PCR-based techniques. The TR48 splicing with the DNA fragment of hepatitis B virus used as probe could successfully develop TRPBA to detect hepatitis B virus DNA. The TRPBA can be used in the future to detect many other genes or microorganisms simply by splicing TR48 with their DNA fragments. Thus, TRPBA might be useful because of its sensitiveness and simpleness.

DNA Probes↗

PubMed2004

Predictive factors for glaucomatous visual field progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the risk factors associated with visual field (VF) progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) with pointwise linear regression (PLR) analysis of serial VFs. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred nine eyes of 401 patients from the AGIS with a baseline VF score of or=7 VF examinations, and >or=3 years of follow-up were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Visual field progression. METHODS: This is a cohort study of patients enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial (AGIS). Worsening of a test location on PLR analysis was defined as a change of threshold sensitivity of >or=1.00 decibels a year, with P<or=0.01. Visual field progression was defined as worsening of at least 2 test locations within a Glaucoma Hemifield Test cluster with PLR analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with VF worsening. Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation was defined as standard deviation of the IOP at all visits after the initial surgery. RESULTS: The mean (+/- standard deviation) follow-up time and baseline AGIS score were 7.4 (+/-1.7) years and 7.7 (+/-4.4), respectively. Visual field progression was detected with PLR analysis in 151 eyes (30%). Older age at the initial intervention (P = 0.0012; odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.50), larger IOP fluctuation (P = 0.0013; OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54), increasing number of glaucoma interventions (P = 0.01; OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.14-2.64), and longer follow-up (P = 0.02; OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38) were associated with increased odds of VF progression. When regression analyses were repeated in eyes with and without a history of cataract extraction, IOP fluctuation was the only variable to be consistently associated with VF progression. CONCLUSION: Both increasing age and greater IOP fluctuation increase the odds of VF progression by 30% (for each 5-year increment in age and 1-mmHg increase in IOP fluctuation). The higher risk conferred by IOP fluctuation was consistently observed in eyes with and without a history of cataract extraction.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Production of consistent crush lesions in murine quadriceps muscle--a biomechanical, histomorphological and immunohistochemical study.

Poor healing of high-energy fractures is often associated with severe muscle damage. This may be partly due to the production, by the injured muscle, of inflammatory cytokines that somehow misdirect bone healing. In order to investigate this question, an animal model was established which embodies a controlled degree of muscle injury with a dose response to the energy absorbed, that can be characterised histologically. Using a custom crush jig, 60 CFLP mice had either 100 or 200 g masses dropped from a fixed height onto the quadriceps muscle, with mechanical measurement of the impact. Energy of impact was reliably and significantly different between the small and large impact conditions, though there was more variability when the large mass was used. Animals were sacrificed at day 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 post-injury. Muscle histomorphometry at all time points and immunohistochemistry for IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha up to day 8 were used as measures of muscle damage, inflammation and repair. Histological sections were analysed into areas of normal muscle fibres, damaged/regenerating muscle fibres and fibrous/inflammatory infiltrate. Early histological response was similar between the two groups; the large crush group displayed significantly greater areas of inflammatory infiltrate and damaged muscle at the later time points after day 8. In the large crush group, IL-1beta and IL-6 expression were significantly higher at day 2 and TNF-alpha was higher at day 8 when compared to the small crush group. The experiment demonstrated that more severe injury to muscle was reliably followed by increased inflammatory cytokine production and a greater degree of inflammation and fibrosis. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the damaged muscles may activate macrophages and recruit fibroblasts, promote scar formation and lead to delayed union or non-union of the adjacent fracture(s).

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Morphine-promoted survival of CEMx174 cells in early stages of SIV infection in vitro: involvement of the multiple molecular mechanisms.

Progression of HIV infections to AIDS is a complex process and it differs considerably among individuals infected with HIV, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Opiates have been implicated to be a cofactor in HIV infections leading to AIDS. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of opioids on HIV infected immune cells. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 was detected by Western blotting assay, and changes of calcium concentration were monitored by scanning intracellular fluorescence intensity. In response to the treatment with morphine, SIV-infected cells were accumulated in G1 phase. Morphine increased the content of intracellular calcium in a time-dependent manner. In addition, morphine also elevated the levels of PKC activity and phosphorylated ERK1/2. Therefore, it is implicated that the calcium-PKC-MAPK cascade is involved in morphine-prolonged survival of SIV-infected cells in the early stages of virus infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2004

Determination of the resolution of a digital system for panoramic radiography based on CCD technology.

OBJECTIVES: To determine Line Spread Functions (LSFs) and Modulation Transfer Functions (MTFs) for a digital system for panoramic radiography: the Dimax I (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) based on Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) technology. STUDY DESIGN: A test object was specially designed having a gold foil positioned vertically. Images of the gold foil created edge functions that were used to determine LSFs and MTFs. The design of the test object made it possible to move the gold foil forward and backward relative to the central plane of the image layer by means of a micrometer screw. The experiment was carried out for different object depths in 5 different regions: the anterior, the canine, the premolar, the molar, and the TMJ regions. LSFs and MTFs were calculated using specially designed software. RESULTS: The results are presented graphically. LSFs and MTFs for the central plane were essentially the same for all regions. The MTFs for different object depths in the 5 investigated regions exhibited typical characteristics of MTFs for panoramic radiography with the exception for the functions for the molar region. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the resolution of the Dimax I CCD system is comparable to that of film-based panoramic radiography.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed2004

Comparative investigation of subjective image quality of digital intraoral radiographs processed with 3 image-processing algorithms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the subjective diagnostic image quality of clinical digital intraoral radiographs processed with 3 different image-processing algorithms. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred digital intraoral radiographs were collected and subsequently processed in 3 sets. In the first set the radiographs were processed for correction for attenuation and visual response. In the second set the radiographs were processed with the same algorithms but with an additional shift in gray levels so that the average brightness of a region of interest was displayed with the mean brightness of the computer monitor. In the third, the radiographs were processed with the default gamma-correction in the Dimaxis program (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland). The 3 radiographs that were differently processed from the same original were displayed simultaneously on the computer monitor. Ten observers evaluated subjectively all the radiographs according to the portrayal of normal structures under the same viewing conditions. Five of them performed repeated evaluations of 20 of the 100 radiographs 2 months later. RESULTS: The best subjective diagnostic quality was found for the radiographs processed with the new algorithms plus an additional shift in gray levels. Radiographs processed with the new algorithms were preferred when compared with those processed with the default gamma-correction. The differences between the 3 types of radiographs were significant (P <.0001). No significant intraobserver differences were found (P=.5487). CONCLUSION: Radiographs processed for correction for attenuation and visual response might be beneficial in clinical work. Clinical radiographs processed with the new algorithms plus an additional shift in gray levels further improve the subjective impression of normal structures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Mapping myocardial viability using interleaved T1-T2* weighted imaging.

The present study was to evaluate the efficacy of our interleaved T1-T2* weighted imaging for assessing myocardial viability. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of pig hearts (n = 7) were occluded for 2 h, followed by 1 h reperfusion. After removed from animals, the hearts were perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with a mixture of pig blood and crystalloid solution in 1:1 ratio. T1 relaxation times of the myocardium were measured with a TurboFLASH inversion-recovery sequence. Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (0.05 mmol/kg body wt) was then injected as a bolus into the aortic perfusion line. The first pass of the contrast agent through the heart was followed using the interleaved T1-T2* imaging sequence. Once the concentration of the contrast agent was in an equilibrium state, T1 relaxation times were measured again. It was found that the percentage recovery of T2* intensity (PRT2*) at the maximum T1 intensity measured during the first pass of the contrast agent with the interleaved T1-T2* imaging was significantly higher in infarcted myocardium than in normal myocardium. Moreover, the regions showing a high T2* percentage recovery on PRT2* maps matched well with the infarcted myocardium demarcated with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. We therefore conclude that infarcted myocardium can be delineated using the interleaved T1-T2* imaging method.

Animals↗