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Biomedical subjects

G Ziegler

Publications and source records attributed to G Ziegler.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Treatment of systemic scleroderma with factor XIII in 86 patients, with long-term follow-up].

Eighty-six patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were given coagulation factor XIII intravenously in different dosage regimens. The mean duration of treatment was 19 +/- 18 months and patients were followed up for 22.9 +/- 18.8 months. Improvement or stabilization of the lesions was obtained in 44/86 patients and exclusively concerned skin lesions; there was no improvement in visceral lesions. The drug was well tolerated in short-and long-term treatment. It is concluded that factor XIII demonstrated lasting effectiveness in one-half of the patients treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and a specific benzodiazepine antagonist in humans.

The pharmacodynamic interaction between midazolam and the specific benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 has been investigated in six healthy male volunteers. Hypnotic steady-state concentrations of midazolam (55 +/- 11 ng/mL; mean +/- SD) have been achieved rapidly by an intravenous bolus of 0.07 mg/kg and maintained by an individual but constant infusion rate of 0.025 to 0.04 mg/kg/hr for eight hours. Following a two-hour control period, the antagonist (2.5 mg) or the solvent were injected double-blind in random order. Three hours later, the other medication was administered. Whereas plasma levels of midazolam remained constant throughout the complete eight-hour trial (Clearance = 670 +/- 96 mL/min) concentrations of Ro 15-1788 declined rapidly with an elimination half-life between 0.7 and 1.8 hours and a total plasma clearance of 702 +/- 235 mL/min. Concentrations of Ro 15-1788 approached the analytic limit of 2 ng/mL within three hours. The pharmacodynamic response to midazolam and the antagonist was assessed by a sedation index using visual analogue scales, reaction time (RT) measurements, and transformed Fourier analysis of the power spectrum of the recorded electroencephalogram (EEG). About 30 to 45 seconds following the injection of Ro 15-1788, hypnotic action of midazolam was completely reversed as visualized by return to alpha rhythm in the EEG, shortening of prolonged RT, and normalization of the elevated sedation index. The antagonistic action lasted for about two to three hours. The abrupt arousal from sleep was not associated with any unpleasant sensations, however, three subjects experienced a profound perspiration for about ten minutes following the injection of Ro 15-1788.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Multiple myeloma with 5-year survival. Study of initial prognostic factors. Role of beta-2-microglobulin].

A series of 21 patients with multiple myeloma and a survival of more than 5 years was compared to another series of 70 cases of myeloma, which all died within less than 5 years. The statistical analysis of these two groups revealed six factors with a significant prognostic value. The population with a long term survival presented: a low incidence of large tumour masses (stage III according to Durie and Salmon's classification): 24 per cent compared with 72 per cent p less than 0.01); a frequency on asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic forms of 29 per cent versus 7 per cent in the control series (p less than 0.001); a haemoglobin level of 7.3 mmol/l versus 6.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.01); a low beta-2-microglobulin level (4 mg/l versus 11 mg/l) (p less than 0.02); a usually normal serum creatinine level (p less than 0.05). Retrospectively, the authors also observed that the response to treatment constituted an essential prognostic factor (69 per cent response compared with 20 per cent) (p less than 0.001). The serum calcium, the immunological type, the level of monoclonal component and the marrow plasmocytosis did not differ between the two groups. The authors consider all of these parameters, together with the calcitonin hypocalcaemia test to be useful in three situations: the therapeutic decision in minimally symptomatic patients, the choice between single agent or combination chemotherapy, the establishment of criteria of remission and suspension of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Rheumatoid polyarthritis and life events].

By applying the systematic and quantitative method of life events to 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the activity of which was assessed both clinically and by means of laboratory tests, the authors demonstrated a significantly higher value for the cumulative life event score over the three years prior to the examination (with or without weighting) in patients in an active phase of the disease compared with patients in remission. These results seem to support the concept that the accumulation of life events may increase the incidence of subsequent episodes of the disease and conversely. The non specific nature of the phenomenon seems to be demonstrated by the study of a control group of subjects hospitalised for disease other than rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Flow patterns at the site of extracranial to intracranial end to side anastomosis. An experimental rheological study.

Flow property measurements were performed in a plexiglass model of six various types of end-to-side anastomosis (as clinically shown in extracranial to intracranial arterial bypass surgery). Three anastomoses were made without, another three anastomoses with a ringshaped stenosis restricting the lumen to between 25 and 46% of the cross-section as it occurs clinically by formation of thrombi out of the striching canals. A rectangular type and two of 45 degree oblique types--one directed centrally and one directed peripherally--were tested. Pressure head losses at the site of anastomosis were measured under various circumstances of different anastomoses and different flow speeds along the proximal portion of the middle cerebral artery and the superficial temporal artery. Flow resistance values originated by the different types of anastomoses were expressed in terms of additional recipient vessel length. Differences between different types of anastomoses with and without stenosis were very small and under no circumstances exceeded the equivalent of lengthening the recipient vessel by 2 cm. Theoretically, the optimal type of anastomosis is the oblique and centrally directed version; the worst type is the rectangular form. Practically, however, such differences are not relevant. The explanation for such unexpectedly small differences can rheologically be given by considering the dominating role of blood viscosity under the given circumstances, other variables such as short stenosis and angling of flow playing a secondary role.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Stress protective effects during steady-state conditions of bromazepam.

In 10 young, healthy male volunteers the stress-protective efficacy of bromazepam (orally 3 mg bid) was investigated double-blind (vs placebo) during steady state. Physical and mental stress was induced by ergometer (125 Watt for 5 minutes) and delayed auditory feedback, respectively. Stress response was measured biochemically (plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), physiologically by monitoring heart rate and blood pressure and subjectively (by visual analogue scales). Both stress-tests were associated with a significant increase in plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Whereas the applied dose of bromazepam did not impair performance of the subjects, it demonstrated some protective effects in terms of a diminished elevation of the cardiovascular parameters, especially a reduced increase of the plasma levels of epinephrine (p less than 0.05) and norepinephrine (p less than 0.10). In conclusion, it can be assumed that endocrine and cardiovascular response to physical and mental stress can be attenuated by steady-state bromazepam.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of the selective benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 in man.

The pharmacokinetics of the selective benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 has been studied in 6 healthy male volunteers following a single intravenous dose of 2.5 mg. The drug was only slightly bound to plasma proteins (40 +/- 8%, mean +/- SD). A negligible amount (less than 0.2% of the dose) of unchanged drug was recovered in urine. Hepatic elimination was rapid, as shown by a short t1/2 of 0.9 +/- 0.2 h, and high total plasma and blood clearances of 691 +/- 216 ml/min and 716 +/- 199 ml/min, respectively. The fast decline of plasma levels from about 60 to 2 ng/ml accounts for the short-lasting reversal of benzodiazepine-induced sedation by Ro 15-1788.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical study of Bi-Profenid in rheumatologic practice].

The effectiveness and tolerance of Bi-Profenid as 150 mg tablets were analyzed in a multicenter study. Each of the 288 patients entered in the study had one of the main conditions found in rheumatologic practice: arthrosis of the hip or knee, rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylarthritis. Each patient was given one 150 mg Bi-Profenid tablet twice daily for 30 days. Overall effectiveness, as assessed by the pain scale test, produced improvement in 87.3% of cases. In degenerative rheumatic diseases, nocturnal pain, pain upon mobilization and walking distance were very significantly improved. In inflammatory rheumatic diseases, the significantly improved parameters were nocturnal pain, morning stiffness and functional indexes of rheumatoid arthritis. Tolerance was outstanding or very good in 77.1% of cases and the dropout rate was only 7.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relationships between plasma levels and psychological effects of benzodiazepines.

In the past, pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines have been extensively described. However, knowledge about relationships between their plasma levels and pharmacodynamic effects are scanty. Therefore, we investigated under several experimental conditions the disposition and the psychological response of the short acting midazolam (single dose 0,075 mg/kg i.v. and 15 mg po) and of the moderate long acting oxazepam (30 mg/die for 5 days). Psychological and psychomotoric effects were evaluated by analogue scales (sedation index), d-2 letter cancellation test, reaction time, critical flicker fusion frequency and adjective mood list. In general, good correlations were found between those tests and plasma levels, especially for midazolam. Analogue scales and reaction-time proved to be most useful in our "effect-kinetic" approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of midazolam on sleep.

Midazolam (15 mg p.o.) was compared with placebo and oxazepam (15 mg) in 12 healthy volunteers and in seven patients suffering from sleep disorders in a single-blind cross-over study. Each treatment period lasted for seven days. The last two nights were spent in a sleep laboratory to evaluate the efficacy of the three compounds. The drugs were given to the patients every day and to the volunteers only on the recorded nights immediately before going to bed. The subjects rated their quality of sleep every morning after administration. Midazolam shortened (P = 0.025) the sleep latency to first stage 2 (t2 = 29 min) compared with placebo (t2 = 58.7) min and oxazepam (t2 = 55.4 min) in the group of patients; in the group of volunteers t2 was shortened (P = 0.05) only by midazolam (t2 = 17.2 min) compared with placebo (t2 = 24.6 min). REM suppression was not found in the group of patients, while sleep stages 3 + 4 were slightly reduced. However, a suppression of REM by midazolam (P = 0.025) and oxazepam (P = 0.01) was observed in the volunteers compared with placebo. The effects of midazolam seemed to be related to its pharmacokinetics. The drug increased the amount of stage 3 + 4 (P = 0.01) and suppressed REM (P = 0.005) compared with oxazepam and placebo, only during the first 3 h, when it was measurable in plasma. Midazolam was rated by the patients more favourably than oxazepam (P = 0.025) and placebo (P = 0.05). The volunteers noted no difference amongst the three treatments, but reported hangover effects after oxazepam.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗