Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Zajicek

Publications and source records attributed to G Zajicek.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The correlation of interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor to oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels in periovulatory follicular fluid of in-vitro fertilization patients.

Data has accumulated suggesting reciprocity between cytokines and the reproductive system. The present study was performed in order to evaluate the correlation between interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) concentrations in follicular fluid and its oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels. A total of 39 follicular fluid samples, from eight patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were evaluated. All of the patients were treated by a midluteal (long) protocol involving a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) coupled with follicular phase human menopausal gonadotrophin. Mean levels in follicular fluid of IL-1, TNF, oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone were 1.58 +/- 0.42 fmol/0.1 ml, 4.69 +/- 4.18 pg/ml, 28.5 +/- 58.1 ng/ml, 2360.5 +/- 2846.3 ng/ml and 7.22 +/- 7.08 ng/ml respectively. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlation between IL-1 and progesterone levels. There was no significant correlation between the different lymphokines and oestradiol secretion, oocyte fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. It is concluded that IL-1 and TNF exist in follicular fluid. It may be hypothesized that IL-1 has a local regulatory action, possibly promoting luteinization.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The correlation between interleukin 2 and soluble interleukin 2 receptors to oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels in periovulatory follicles of in-vitro fertilization patients.

The present study was performed to evaluate the correlation between follicular fluid levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels, oocyte fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. Twenty-eight patients with a pure tubal factor and undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were randomly chosen and treated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in the midluteal phase (long protocol) coupled with follicular phase administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin. Transvaginal follicular aspiration was performed 36 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin administration, followed 48 h later by embryo transfer. One hundred and twenty-three follicular fluids were sampled. The mean follicular fluid levels (+/- SD) were 2.30 +/- 0.80 fmol for IL-2, 458.2 +/- 236.0 units/ml for sIL-2R, 28.5 +/- 58.1 ng/ml for oestradiol, 2360.5 +/- 2846 ng/ml for progesterone and 7.22 +/- 7.08 ng/ml for testosterone. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between IL-2 and testosterone levels. No correlation was found between the lymphokines and serum oestradiol, follicular fluid progesterone, oocyte fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy. It may be concluded that significant concentrations of IL-2 and sIL-2R exist in follicular fluid. Wide variations in follicular IL-2 and sIL-2R concentrations of different follicles were found in the same patients.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1992

The value of an electronic microcomputerized basal body temperature measurement device (Bioself) in in vitro fertilization cycles.

The Bioself 110 electronic basal body temperature (BBT) measurement device was employed in 18 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). This microcomputer-operated device records, charts and accurately analyzes the mean temperature measurements. These temperature recordings were used in addition to transvaginal ovarian sonography and serum estradiol and progesterone levels. The BBT rise correlated significantly (p < 0.0002) with progesterone elevation following human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. It is suggested that this electronic device may be used as an additional tool in the detection of premature progesterone secretion in IVF cycles.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1992

Growth rate analysis of lung metastases appearing 18 years after resection of cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature.

Growth rate analysis of lung metastases of a cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma, which appeared 18 years after the resection of the primary tumor from the scalp is presented. The doubling times of the metastases were long compared with that of other lung metastases. They were 22 months for the metastasis in the right lung and 70 months for the metastasis in the left lung, with a shortening of the doubling time in the left side to 10.4 months in the last 4 months of observation. Backward extrapolation showed that the metastases to the lung were disseminated before the diagnosis and surgical resection of the primary tumor. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of lung metastases from a cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma out of 25 documented cases. We present a review of the literature and discuss the clinical implications of our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Artificial life.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

Rectal epithelial proliferation in persons post sporadic colorectal neoplasia.

Some studies have shown diffuse large bowel epithelial hyperproliferation in persons having colorectal neoplasia. Thus, measurements of rectal epithelial proliferation (REP) could be useful as a screening biomarker of risk for sporadic neoplasia. We examined REP, by autoradiography with tritiated thymidine, in 84 persons: 32 healthy volunteers, 37 who had had sporadic adenomas and 15 post cured sporadic colorectal cancer. Measurements of the labelling index (ratio of labelled to total number of crypt cells) showed a statistically insignificant but increasing gradient of hyperproliferation related to degree and invasiveness of neoplasia. However, this became significant when examining the proportion of labelled crypt compartments in each group and by comparing combined compartments 3 and 4 of cancer patients to non-cancer patients. Gender and age were found to be parameters that influenced the results. Using standard methods of analysis of REP, the lack of clear separation between risk groups limits the usefulness of REP measurements as a screening biomarker of risk for sporadic large bowel neoplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Azathioprine treatment increases hepatocyte turnover.

The effect of azathioprine on the hepatocytes cell turnover was evaluated. This was accomplished by injection of rats with trituim thymidine. The distance of labeled liver cells from the portal space was determined, after 1 hour and 30 days, in control and azathioprine-treated rats. In the control group, the streaming velocities of hepatocytes and littoral cells were 3.2 microns/day and 3.1 microns/day, respectively. In azathioprine-treated animals, the respective velocities were 7.0 microns/day and 5.5 microns/day. In the liver acinus, cell displacement velocity is proportional to cell production. Because hepatocyte velocity in azathioprine-treated animals increased by 218% and littoral cell velocity by 177%, their respective turnovers also increased to 218% and 177%. It can be concluded that the liver is essentially a slowly renewing cell population. Azathioprine increased the hepatocytes' and littoral cells' streaming velocities. This in vivo experimental model may help evaluate the effect of hepatotoxic drugs on the kinetics of liver cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The value of menotrophin treatment for unexplained infertility prior to an in-vitro fertilization attempt.

This work was undertaken in order to evaluate retrospectively the relative efficacy of ovulation induction by menotrophins and that of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in the treatment of unexplained infertility. These two treatments were compared between two groups of patients: 87 couples undergoing 446 cycles of ovulation induction by menotrophins (group A) and 72 couples undergoing 108 cycles of IVF-ET (group B). A total of 30 and 20 pregnancies were achieved in groups A and B for a rate of 34 and 28% per patient, respectively. A similar cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) was achieved for three cycles of ovulation induction (23%) and one cycle of IVF-ET (22%). The cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in group A was 22% after three cycles and exceeded that of one IVF-ET cycle (17%). It is concluded that menotrophin treatment in unexplained infertility is highly beneficial and should precede an IVF attempt.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Streaming kidney.

Twenty-five male young adult random bred rats, weighing 250-300 g, were injected with 18.5 kBq/g body weight tritiated thymidine (specific activity 185 GBq/mM). The rats were then killed in groups of five, at the following times: 1 h and 14, 30, 60 and 120 days. The kidneys were processed histologically and dipped into liquid emulsion, exposed for 3 weeks and developed. Kinetic measurements were restricted to juxta-medullary glomeruli, their adjacent convoluted tubules and medullary tubuli. All other nephrons were ignored. The medullary pole of the juxta-medullary glomerulus served as reference point for all measurements and was referred to as the origin. The distance of a labelled cell from the origin was measured with an eye-piece micrometer and expressed in terms of two units: distance (microns) and cell location, defined as the number of cells separating a labelled cell from origin. Since only medullary nephrons were considered, these measurements represent distances directed toward the papilla. One hour after labelling, most cells were in the vicinity of the juxta-medullary glomerulus, not further than 800 microns from the origin in the direction of the papilla. During the following days labelled cells advanced toward the papilla at a daily velocity of 13.8 microns, covering 1.1 locations/day. Kinetically, the juxta-medullary nephron is a two-compartment cell renewal system. Its compartments, the progenitor (P) and the functional (Q), cover locations 0-80 and 81-150, respectively. The first feeds the second with cells. Morphologically, the progenitor compartment includes proximal and distal convoluted epithelia and a part of thick straight tubules. Other nephron portions belong to the Q-compartment. It is assumed that the nephrocyte is a part of a cell stream directed toward the papilla, which probably also includes stroma and vasculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Streaming liver. VIII: Cell production rates following partial hepatectomy.

Twenty-four young, female, random-bred rats weighing 250 g were partially hepatectomized and killed in groups of four animals at the following times: 1 h and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days. One hour before killing, each rat was injected i.p. with 0.5 microCi [3H]-thymidine, specific activity 5 Ci/mmol/g body weight. Livers were processed histologically and dipped into liquid emulsion for autoradiography. Twenty-four hours after partial hepatectomy, hepatocyte and littoral labelling indices rose, reaching on the third day respective peak values of 3.7%, and 15.4%, whereupon they declined, remaining slightly above pre-treatment level. Labelling indices served for cell production estimates. On day 3 the hepatocyte labelling index rose 26-fold. At the same time hepatocytes doubled their ploidy, indicating that half of the observed L.I. increase was directed to DNA accumulation and not to cell division. The hepatocyte production rate therefore increased 13-fold (or 1300%). The acinus diameter increased 15%, and cell density declined 5%, so that the acinus capacity to retain cells increased only 5%. Since the acinus did not enlarge proportionally to cell production, it is concluded that 95% of newly formed cells were eliminated. Partial hepatectomy thus triggers two processes: an acute process lasting about a week marked by massive and rapid cell turnover during which most newly formed cells are eliminated; and a second, more protracted process which serves for liver mass restoration. It is proposed that partial hepatectomy induces an acute shortage of a hitherto unknown metabolite that is produced by newly formed cells immediately after hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Compensatory hyperplasia of the rat submandibular gland following unilateral extirpation.

This study investigated the morphological changes in rat submandibular glands undergoing compensatory hyperplasia. Fifteen adult male rats underwent left submandibulectomy, after which they were killed in groups of five (at days 3, 7, and 14), and their right submandibular glands (SMG) were excised. Fifteen control rats were killed in groups of five (at days 0, 7, and 14), and their right SMG were removed. Sections of 3 microns were cut, and the parenchymal and stromal cells were counted in 50 microscopic fields and sorted according to their morphological features and "class". Class is equivalent to the number of nuclei in an acinar or tubular cross-section. No change in glandular weight was noted post-surgery. Total cell count/field rose to 138.5 +/- 7.1% of control values on day 3 after gland extirpation, remaining almost constant thereafter until the end of the experiment. Acinar cell count and class showed a 154.1% peak on day 3, followed by a 30% drop in cell count by day 7 and an equivalent decline in class by day 14. Tubular cell count increased gradually to 146.5% by day 14, without a change in class. In the first week, the increase in tubular cells was mainly due to intercalated duct (ID) cells, while in the second week, there was a sharp rise in granular duct (GD) cells. This diverging cellular behavior indicates that the GD cell stems from the ID cell. The cellular changes in the hyperplastic SMG indicate death of newly generated acinar cells and expansion of the glandular progenitor compartment, as expressed in elongation of the ID.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Menotropins as a possible risk factor for premature deliveries in triplet pregnancies.

This study was undertaken in order to evaluate pregnancy outcome in three groups of triplet conceptions. Of 36 delivered triplet gestations, seven were spontaneous, 12 achieved using clomiphene citrate and 17 induced by menotropins. The mean gestational age (weeks) at delivery was 36.5 +/- 1.0 SD, for spontaneous and clomiphene citrate pregnancies it was 35.9 +/- 1.9 SD which differed significantly from that in pregnancies induced by menotropins which was 32.9 +/- 3.7 SD. Similarly, triplets born following menotropin treatment had a significantly lower gestational weight (g) of 1656 +/- 516 SD vs. 2015 +/- 198 SD and 2176 +/- 315 SD for spontaneous and clomiphene citrate gestations, respectively. It is concluded that triplets following menotropins are at an increased risk for premature delivery and low birth weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rectal epithelial proliferation in women recovered from breast cancer.

Women recovered from breast cancer are at increased risk for colorectal neoplasia. The reasons may be genetic, dietary or endogenous hormonal risk factors. Measurements of rectal epithelial proliferation are a useful biomarker of risk for large bowel cancer. This was studied in 12 women after (mean 7.8 years) cured breast cancer, who had a mean % labelling index of 7.5 +/- 3.5 (S.D.) as compared to 5.8 +/- 1.8 (S.D.) in a disease-free comparison group of 25 women. In addition, analysis of labelled crypt compartments demonstrated a significantly higher proportion in the study group with thymidine uptake, mainly in the mid crypt zone, and an extension of crypt cell DNA synthesis towards the surface epithelium. Using proliferative activity as a biomarker of risk in a larger study group, we may learn more about common etiological factors for both malignancies and also identify a higher-risk subgroup for long-term follow-up and possible therapeutic intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Twin gestations and prophylactic hospitalization.

The study evaluates the benefit of elective hospitalization in preventing premature deliveries of twin gestations. Three groups of women with twin gestations, having no other complications of pregnancy which could cause premature delivery, were evaluated. The study group was comprised of 43 women who were electively hospitalized between 30-32 and 36 weeks of gestation. Control group 1 was comprised of 55 women who were not hospitalized but were instructed to rest at home. Control group 2 was comprised of 53 women who were not hospitalized and were not instructed to rest at home. Our results showed that elective hospitalization did not significantly affect the gestational duration or the prematurity rate. However the mean birthweight difference between the study group and the two control groups were 143 +/- 83 g and 205 +/- 84 g, respectively. This result was more significant in multiparous women. The slight increase in birthweight of the hospitalized women compared to the controls, does not seem to justify the cost of hospitalization.

Adult↗