[New trend of the researches on gastrointestinal cancer].
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Apoptosis↗
Biomedical subjects
G Yang
Publications and source records attributed to G Yang.
[Injectable bioerodible polymer with 5-fluorouracil used in filtration surgery in rabbits].
OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized and placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the effect and toxicity of injectable bioerodible polymer with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on the filtration surgery in rabbits. METHODS: Posterior lip sclerectomies were performed on both eyes of 23 rabbits. Injectable bioerodible polymer impregnated with 2.5% 5-Fu 10 mg was injected subconjunctivally in 16 eyes, and 2.5% 5-Fu 10 mg was injected subconjunctivally in 14 eyes every other day for three times in the first week and every two days for three times in the second week post-operatively. Another 16 eyes received the drug-free polymer after surgery and served as controls. RESULTS: The bleb in the eyes treated with drug-free polymer failed in the postoperative 7 days and the bleb in the eyes treated with 5-Fu injection failed in 20-30 days, while the bleb in the eyes treated with 5-Fu polymer remained successful throughout the experimental period. From 7 to 30 postoperative days, the rate of scleral fistula occlusion was 6.7% in the eyes treated with 5-Fu polymer, 41.7% in the eyes treated with 5-Fu injection and 100% in the eyes treated with drug-free polymer. Corneal epithelial defects appeared in 3 eyes treated with 5-Fu polymer, in 8 eyes treated with 5-Fu injection and in 2 eyes treated with drug-free polymer. CONCLUSION: Injectable bioerodible polymer with 5-Fu may significantly prevent bleb scarring and subsequent blockage of the filtering tract, enhance success rate of filtering surgery in rabbits and reduce the toxicity of 5-Fu. This drug delivery system has considerable value for clinical use.
Animals↗
[Study on the effect of continuous administration of IL-1ra in BXSB mice].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the consequences of IL-1 blocking in BXSB mice which is an experimental model for human SLE. METHODS: rh IL-1ra was expressed in E. coli and injected in BXSB mice. 13 of 4.5 month-age male BXSB mice were divided into two groups, one group was injected rh IL-1ra 10 times (twice a week) at dose of 400 micrograms per mouse each time, another group was injected PBS at the same time as control. We monitored serum ANA and proteinuria weekly, and detected IgG, C3 deposition and IL-6 expression in kidneys at 40th day. RESULTS: The results showed that the increased level of serum ANA and proteinuria in treatment group were not higher than in control group, the IgG, C3 deposition and IL-6 expression in kidneys and IL-6 activity in serum of the treaed group were lower than the control group, whereas no difference of GPT level in the two groups. CONCLUSION: IL-1 might play a pathogenic role in BXSB mice. Blocking or reducing IL-1 secretion would be of beneficial to the treatment of SLE.
Animals↗
[A simple and rapid method of preparing cell or tissue embedded in situ for transmission electron microscopy].
A simple and rapid method of preparing cell or tissue embedded in situ for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is recommended. It is very simple; all procedures, including fixation, dehydration, infiltration and embedding, are performed on the same carrier (culture vase or microscope slides). It is also very rapid; the whole process takes only five hours. The entire cell or tissue embedded in situ is easily separated from the carrier. The ultrastructures of the cell or tissue embedded in situ are well preserved with minimal damage. This method can be used in preparing cultured monolayer cell for TEM study, paraffin section for electron microscopic diagnosis, and frozen section for TEM immunohistochemistry or enzymehistochemistry. The main points of the procedures of preparation have been discussed.
Humans↗
[GC-MS analysis of constituents of essential oils from stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf, E. intermedia Schrenk et C.A. Mey. and E. equisetina Bge].
The essential oils from the dried stems of Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina were analyzed by GC-MS qualitatively and GC quantitatively. One hundred and twenty-seven constituents were identified, l-alpha-terpineol (31.64%) in E. sinica, 1,4-cineole (12.80%) in E. intermedia and hexadecanoic acid (26.22%) in E. equisetina being the main constituents.
Cycadopsida↗
[A study on the significance of p53 gene mutation, P53 protein positive staining and PCNA staining].
After obtaining the results of p53 gene mutation by a silver staining method to polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis, P53 protein staining and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index by double-blind method, multivariate correlation analysis two by two showed that PCR-SSCP, P53 positive protein staining and PCNA index had markedly correlation not only in oral precancerous lesions (OPL) but also in primary sites and regional metastatic lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). This indicated that the nature of the three indexes was the same. After introducing the sex and age of patients which have been proved to be related to the initiation and development of OPL and OSCC according to other researchers and are easy to be obtained in clinics, multivariate discriminatory analysis was carried on and three groups of discriminatory equations were gotten about the pathological grading of OPL and OSCC and metastasis condition of OSCC. The accuracy of these equations was 82.5%, 78% and 80%, individually. This suggests that the equations have applicable potentiality already.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Integrated regulation in response to simulated weightlessness.
To investigate physiological effects of tail suspension, Ca2+ concentration, immune factors, erythrocyte rheological properties, and growth hormone were determined in rats suspended for 15 and 30 d. The results showed that inhibitory changes of both local factors (proteins secreted by bone cell, Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticium) and integrated regulative factors (immune factor, growth hormone) were observed simultaneously with the decrease of bone mineral content, calcium transportation in skeletal muscles as well as erythrocyte deformability. It suggests that both local and integrated regulative processes are functioning in response to the effects of weightlessness.
Animals↗
Effects of simulated weightlessness on erythrocyte deformability in rats.
In order to investigate the mechanism of space anemia, the erythrocyte deformability membrane fluidity and cell shape in 7, 15, 30 day tail-suspended rats were observed. The results were: (1) erythrocyte deformability (DImax and IDI) in suspended rats was significantly lower than that in the control on the 7th day (P<0.05), and had a further decrease on the 15th day (P<0.01), but a recovery was found on the 30th day (P<0.05). (2) membrane fluidity in suspended rats was markedly lower than that in the control group on the 15th and 30th day, degrees of fluorescence polarization was increased (P<0.01), but there was no change on the 7th day. (3) percentage of erythrocytes with abnormal shape in suspended rats was higher than that in the control group during the whole experimental period. The results indicate that the changes of rheological and morphological properties of red cell were induced by simulated weightlessness (SWL), which may be an important cause of space anemia.
Anemia↗
Effect of simulated weightlessness on TNF-alpha production and the response of bone marrow cells to GM-CSF in rats.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of 15 and 30 d simulated weightlessness (SWL) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) production secreted by macrophage stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and the ability of bone marrow cells to respond to granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) in tail-suspension rats. The TNF-alpha production was assessed by radioimmunoassay. The ability of bone marrow cells to respond to GM-CSF was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation method. The results showed that after 15 d SWL, TNF-alpha production showed a tendency to decrease; and that after 30 d SWL, the decrease became significant (P < 0.05). The results also demonstrated that the ability of bone marrow cells to respond to GM-CSF decreased significantly after 15 d SWL (P < 0.01); and there was no significant change after 30 d SWL. It suggested that SWL could depress immune function, and that reduction of TNF-alpha production might be related to bone marrow cell proliferation function.
Animals↗
[Isolation and structure elucidation of three dihydrophenanthrenes from Ephemerantha lonchophylla].
In this paper, three dihydrophenanthrenes are isolated from the Stems and pseudobulbs of Ephemerantha lonchophylla (Orchidaceae). They are identified as Iusianthridin (1), ephemeranthol-B (2) and erianthridin (3) by spectral data.
Molecular Conformation↗
[Influence of leaf-picking on effective constituents of the Astragalus mongholicus roots].
After the application of the orthogonal design, experiments show that the proportion and time of leaf-picking have a great influence not only on the total content of 17 kinds of amino acids but also on that of Astragaloside. If the proportion is large and the time is delated, both contents of 17 kinds of amino acids and Astragaloside will be reduced accordingly compared to the control group. There is less influence on the contents if the time of leaf-picking is set on June 15 each year and the picking proportion is 1 out 3.
Amino Acids↗
[Separation of flavonol isomers by packed column supercritical fluids chromatography].
Flavonol isomers, which differ only in the position of hydroxyl group substitute on their chemical structures, showed different chromatographic behaviors. These polar compounds, in general, can be analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. In this paper, the separation of flavonol isomers by home-set up packed column supercritical fluid chromatograph with carbon dioxide modified by ethanol containing 0.5% (V/V) phosphoric acid as mobile phase is described. The effects of temperature, pressure, composition of mobile phase and packed column type on the separation were studid. The addition of phosphoric acid to the mobile phase, which can not result in corrosion on the chromatographic system, enabled flavonol to elute from the column, and showed that the composition of the mobile phase was the most pronounced factor influencing the separation. Three columns were evaluated for the separation. It showed that the phenyl-bonded silica column was the best and the ODS column was the worst for the isomers separation. Increasing pressure shortened the retention time of each compound with good resolution, and higher temperature led to longer retention time.
Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid↗
Body mass index and the risk of cancers of the gastric cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China.
The divergent incidence patterns of gastric cardia and distal stomach cancers suggest different etiologies. Although obesity has recently been linked to cardia cancer in Western populations, its association with distal stomach cancer remains unclear. This study examined the relation of anthropometric measurements to risk by subsites of stomach cancer in a Chinese population. We identified 1124 population-based cases of stomach cancer, ages 20-69 years, newly diagnosed between December 1988 and November 1989 in Shanghai, China. Controls (n = 1451) were randomly selected from permanent Shanghai residents and frequency-matched to cases by age and sex. Information on demographic characteristics, height and weight, diet, smoking, and other exposures was obtained by trained interviewers in person. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters and categorized into quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression models, simultaneously adjusting for age, education, income, cigarette smoking (men only), alcohol drinking (men only), intake of total calories, and chronic gastric diseases. For gastric cardia cancer, the odds ratios among men were 1.4, 1.5, and 3.0 in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of usual BMI (P for trend, < 0.01). Among women, elevated risks also were associated with excess weight, but the gradient in risk was not smooth. Risk patterns for usual body weight, maximum BMI, and minimum BMI were similar to those found for usual BMI. For distal stomach cancer, no association with usual BMI was observed among men, but a slightly elevated risk was seen among women. Our observations in China support recent findings in Western populations that obesity contributes to the risk of gastric cardia cancer, especially among men.
Adult↗
Significance of serum immunoglobulin M to hepatitis C virus core in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
OBJECTIVES: Anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) IgM antibodies were found in patients with both acute and chronic hepatitis C. The aims of this study were to determine the significance, in terms of liver disease, virological parameters, and response to interferon therapy, of IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus core protein (IgM anti-HCV-core) in the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: The presence of IgM anti-HCVcore was investigated in 42 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Tests for IgM anti-HCVcore was carried out before interferon therapy. The patients received 3 MU of interferon-alpha three times weekly for 6 months. A response to interferon therapy was defined as normal transaminase activity and negative viremia at the end of treatment (month 6: response), and a sustained response was defined as normal ALT values and negative viremia for 6 months after completion of therapy. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (38%) displayed IgM anti-HCVcore. The mean Knodell score of the IgM anti-HCVcore-positive patients was significantly higher than that of the IgM anti-HCVcore-negative patients (11.5 +/- 3.4 vs. 9.1 +/- 3.1, p = 0.04), and the occurrence of IgM anti-HCVcore tended to be associated with serotype 1 virus (p = 0.08). Finally, a significantly higher percentage of responders to interferon at the end of therapy were IgM anti-HCVcore negative (p = 0.04), and only one patient with a ratio of sample to cutoff over 2.0 responded to interferon. CONCLUSIONS: IgM anti-HCVcore appears to be a simple serological marker of more severe liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C and may have relevance to the outcome of antiviral therapy.
Antiviral Agents↗
Hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration with on-line production of substitution fluid: clinical observation of safety and effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the safety and cardiovascular stability of on-line hemofiltration (HF) or hemodiafiltration (HDF) and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of one HF or HDF session in addition to two hemodialysis (HD) sessions weekly. METHODS: Forty patients were randomly divided into four groups: group predilutional (PRD) HF (filtration rate: 259-333 ml/min) group predilutional HDF (filtration rate: 167 ml/min) group postdilutional (POD) HDF (filtration rate: 83 ml/min) and group bicarbonate HD. The reduction rate of parathyroid hormone (PTH), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2MG), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1MG) and KT/V in the initial treatment of every month was observed, and the incidence of hypotension and pyretic reaction during each treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: After 4-month observation, the KT/V for Group POD HDF is better than that for the other three groups, and for Group PRD HDF is better than that for Group HF and HD. Serum level of PTH and beta 2MG was not decreased after every treatment in Group HD, and so was serum level of alpha 1MG in all groups. Significant removal of PTH and beta 2MG was observed in Group HF, PRD HDF and POD HDF. The monthly serum level of beta 2MG and KT/V were stable in all groups, but the monthly serum level of PTH tended to be decreased in Group HF, PRD, HDF, and POD HDF. The incidence of pyretic reaction in HF or HDF was the same as in HD. Although the ultrafiltration volume was significantly higher during HF or PRD HDF than during HD, the incidence of hypotension in HF or PRD HDF was similar to that in HD. CONCLUSIONS: On-line HF or HDF proved to be a safe and reliable method. POD HDF mode seems to have the best KT/V, HF or PRD HDF offers a better choice for preventing intradialytic hypotension. One HF or HDF session in addition to two HD sessions weekly is similarly effective to decrease the serum level of PTH and the proof of the clinical effectiveness of such a therapy awaits a long-term observation.
Adult↗
[Experimental study of selective muscarinic receptor antagonists on attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence in rats].
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the role of muscarinic receptor subtype in the process of the morphine tolerance and dependence. METHODS: The morphine (Antinociception) tolerance was assessed by using hot-plate latency, and morphine dependence was characterized by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intrathecal (i.t.) injection of muscarinic M1 selective antagonist pirenzepine or M2 selective antagonist methoctramine was carried out. RESULTS: Methoctramine (i.p.) for 6 days restored the sensitivity to morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats that are tolerant as a result of 6 days of b.i.d. morphine injection, in contrast, saline and pirenzepine (i.p.) did not increase the mean HP latency of morphine tolerant rats. Both methoctramine and pirenzepine in doses did not alter the baseline HP latency. Concurrent treatment with pirenzepine (i.t.) significantly attenuated the development of morphine tolerance produced by twice daily injection of morphine in a dose-dependent manner, however, methoctramine (i.t.) also decreased without dose-relation. In addition, the withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naloxone in morphine dependent rats were blocked by methoctramine (i.p.) or pirenzepine (i.t.) at single dose injection in a dose-dependent manner. Methoctramine (i.t.) at 200 micrograms/kg could partially inhibit the withdrawal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that the muscarinic receptor subtype predominating M2 receptor at the peripheral and M11 in the spinal cord mediate the process of morphine tolerance and dependence in rat.
Animals↗
[Comparison of misoprostol and ricinus oil meal for cervical ripening and labor induction].
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of intravaginal prostaglandin E1, misoprostol with ricinus oil meal for labor induction. METHODS: Sixty patients with an indication for induction of labor were randomly assigned to two groups (30 cases each) induction with misoprotol, 50 micrograms intra-vaginally every 3 hours until active labor, or with that ricinus oil meal was taken. RESULTS: The time from start of induction to vaginal delivery was significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (12.2 vs 18.1, P < 0.05), and fewer patients in the misoprostol group required oxytocin augmentation (10.0% vs 40.0%, P < 0.05). The mean change in the Bishop score was significantly higher in those receiving misoprostol (5.5 vs 3.1, P < 0.05). Uterine tachysystole occurred more frequently in patients in the misoprostol group (16.7%) than in the ricinus oil meal group (3.0%). No significant differences were noted in the mode of delivery and patients of successful labor induction. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginally administered misoprostol is an effective agent for the cervical ripening and induction of labor.
Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
[The renal function protection of prostaglandin E1 from hemolysis caused by cardiopulmonary bypass].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the renal function protection of PGE1 from hemolysis caused by CPB during and after CPB. METHOD: F-Hb in blood, NAG & beta 2-MG in urine were measured in twenty patients who underwent valvular replacement operation. The patients were divided into two groups at random. The PGE1 group was administered of PGE1 with the dose of 100 ng/kg.min for 30' before CPB, 30 ng/kg.min during CPB intravenation and 100 ng/ml before CPB in CPB mechanical equipment. The control group was administered of N. S. RESULTS: After termination of CPB, F-Hb rose continuously, showing that the damaging RBC factors did not stop working at once after CPB. F-Hb and beta 2-MG were positively correlated and F-Hb and NAG/Cr were positively correlated, demonstrating that increased F-Hb is an important factor for renal function damage. At 60 minutes after CPB and 120 minutes after CPB, F-Hb values of PGE1 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. beta 2-MG and NAG/Cr of the PGE1 group also showed the same trend. The peak of the control group F-Hb was later than that of the PGE1 group. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that PGE1 can protect renal function by decreasing F-Hb level during CPB and shortening the time of hemolysis after CPB.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗