Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Xu.
It has been discovered through investigation across the country that, thus far, the Radix Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae is derived from 12 species (varieties, forms) of 3 families. Their classification characters are discussed and a key is given in this paper.
Four compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha. Three of them were identified as A'-neogammacer-22(29)-en-3 beta-ol (18 beta.21 alpha) (II), jolkinolide E (III) and beta-sitoesterol (IV). Among them, II was obtained from the genus Euphorbia and III from this plant for the first time.
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Since 1990, we have done reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy on 22 patients using the circumareolar incision method. The advantages of the operation are as follows: simple design, less operative trauma, the possibility of performance under local anaesthesia, lactation preserved, good appearance with inconspicuous scar.
The anatomical relationships and morphologic features of the optic canal and the internal carotid artery to the lateral wall of the most posterior ethmoidal cell and the sphenoid sinus in 100 half-skulls swan middle-saggitally were investigated. The results showed: (1) The whole optic canals neighboured with the most ethmoidal cell in 39 cases, with the sphenoid sinus in 43 cases and with both of them in 18 cases; (2) The bulgings of the optic canal formed on the lateral wall of the most posterior ethmoidal cells and the sphenoid sinus were demonstrated in 48 and 47 cases respectively; (3) The marks of the internal carotid artery formed on the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus were demonstrated in 53%-77% of all cases. The height and the thickness of the bony wall of the bulgings and marks of the optic canal and the internal carotid artery were measured. From our observation it was suggested that the variations of development and composition of the sphenoid-ethmoid sinuses, the bulging or mark of the optic canal and the internal carotid artery on the lateral wall of the most posterior ethmoidal cell and the sphenoid sinus might be the anatomical factors of severe complications in endoscopic ethmoid-sphenoid surgery.
Eight compounds have been isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis-brevi pedunculata and identified as beta-amyrin, betulin, vanillic acid, ethyl gallate, kaempferol, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, aromadendrol and resveratrol. They are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Enoxacin (ENX) showed a moderate degree of activities in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in modified Saunton medium and modified Lowenstein-Jensen Medium with MICs from 1 to 8micrograms/ml. Ofloxacin (OFLX) is superior to ENX, with MICs from 0.5 to 2.0micrograms/ml. In terms of median survival time (ST50), ENX at doses both 3mg (about 150mg/kg) daily and 6mg (about 300mg/kg) intermittently were inactive (P > 0.05) against M. tuberculosis infection in mice. OFLX at the same doses all were very significantly effective (P < 0.01).
The value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for diagnosing ampullary carcinoma was assessed in 14 patients. The diagnostic accuracy, the chariacteristics of the images and the preoperative invasion of the carcinoma were studied. The results showed that: (1) The lesions were clearly demonstrated in all cases (100.0%) and the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was 78.6%, which was better than that of transabdominal ultrasonography and CT (P < 0.05), but similar to that of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) (P > 0.05). Three patients with pancreatic carcinoma were misdiagnosed as ampullary carcinoma by EUS, because the carcinoma was situated at the head of the pancreas and infiltrated to the duodenal wall. (2) Hyperecho image was obtained in 81.8% of the cases and hypoecho image in 18.2% of the cases. (3) The accuracy of EUS in demonstrating the invasion of the carcinoma into the duodenal wall, common bile duct, pancreatic duct and the head of the pancreas was 83.3%, 66.7%, 50.0% and 33.3% respectively and the lymph node matastasis of the carcinoma was 100.0%.
From 1980 to 1993, 95 patients with cardial myxoma (male 32 and female 63) were treated surgically. The myxoma located on left-atrium in 88 patients, right-atrium in 5, left-ventricle in 1, and pulmonary in 1. All the operations were carried out under cardiopulmonary bypass. After operations, 12 patients had dyspnea and 8 died of pulmonary infection and heart or respiratory failure. The hemoglobin level was 118.02 +/- 16.7 g/L, 72.33 +/- 8.82 g/L, and 105.75 +/- 5.91 g/L respectively for pre-dilution, post-dilution, and post-operation. The patients with cardial myxoma often complicated with anemia (56), hepatic enlargement (36), and history of heart failure (64), and embolism (12). Combined with clinical characteristics mentioned above, the preparation of prime solution and the management of perfusion were discussed.
We visualized and located the portal and hepatic venous systems before and during the procedure of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) with color Doppler ultrasonography instead of X-ray in 23 cases in our hospital since November 1993. TIPSS was performed under US guidance, and had the lowest frequency of failure. The gastroesophageal hemorrhage stopped immediately with less complication, the ascites was alleviated. US assisted TIPSS is a safe and simplified procedure.
In order to study the clinical effects of naloxone on hemorrhagic shock, 21 patients with moderate hemorrhagic shock were randomly divided into two groups. The naloxone group (NLX group) was infused normal saline (200ml) and naloxone (0.02mg/kg) via central vein while the control group was infused normal saline (200ml) only. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), central vein pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), levels of lactic acid in both artery and vein, and levels of catecholamine in artery were measured before and after the administration of naloxone or normal saline. The results showed that naloxone significantly increased blood level of catecholamine and MAP (P < 0.01), the effects sustained for more than 15 minutes with an increased PVR (P < 0.05). After infustion of normal saline, blood level of lactic acid in artery and vein decreased slightly (P > 0.05), yet comparatively lower in artery. On the contrary, after administration of naloxone, the blood level of lactic acid markedly decreased in both artery and vein (P < 0.01), but higher in artery. It is suggested that naloxone improve tissue oxygen supply temporarily with enhancement of tissue lactic acid metabolism.
Management of Labbé's vein in operations of cerebellar pons angle (CPA) and clivus regions was reported. Ligation of the Labbé's vein in the left side resulted in hematoma in the temporal lobe or aphasia. In preservation of Labbé's vein, either on the left or right side, only one case of intracerebral hematoma occurred. The reason for this difference was discussed. In protecting Labbé's vein, continuous ventricular draining and removal of the inferior temporal gyrus if necessary was effective.
Trichloroacetate (TCA), dichloroacetate (DCA), and bromodichloroacetate (BDCA) are byproducts of the chlorination of drinking water. TCA acts primarily as a peroxisome proliferator, but DCA produces tumors at doses less than required for peroxisome proliferation. BDCA does not induce peroxisome proliferation even at high doses. This study attempts to determine whether differences in the metabolism of the trihaloacetates (THAs) may contribute to their differing toxicological properties. Studies were performed in male B6C3F1 mice given [14C1,2]TCA, [14C1]BDCA, and [14C1,2]DCA by gavage. The replacement of a Cl by a Br greatly enhances THA metabolism. Much less radiolabel from BDCA is retained in the carcass after 24 hr than from TCA. Radiolabel from BDCA is largely found in the urine, with oxalate being the major metabolite. TCA is largely eliminated unchanged in the urine. There are dose-related changes in the rate of CO2 production from BDCA. The initial rate of CO2 production is reduced from 4.1 +/- 0.3 hr-1 at 5 and 20 mg/kg to 2.7 +/- 0.6 hr-1 at 100 mg/kg, but the net conversion to CO2 in 24 hr is greater at the highest dose. As would be predicted, substitution Br for Cl on TCA greatly increased its metabolism.
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The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" point (U.B.-23) on the renal blood flow (RBF) under the conditions of normal, glycerol-induced renal ischemia and renal neurotomy. The RBF, which is measured by hydrogen gas clearance method, was chosen as index. The results are as follows: 1. RBF is decreased by electroacupuncturing "Shenshu" point under both conditions of normal and glycerol-induced renal ischemia. 2. After renal neurotomy, RBF is increased by electroacupuncturing "Shenshu" point. These facts suggest that the effects of electroacupuncture at "Shenshu" point relate to the renal nerve and body fluid.
The cholangiopancreatographic findings in 22 patients with pseudotumorous pancreatitis (PTP) were evaluated on the basis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). All patients were found with a focal mass in the pancreas based on the findings of ultrasound and/or CT. However, only one patient had been diagnosed correctly as suffering from chronic pancreatitis by ERCP. Normal pancreatic duct was found in 4 patients. There were five patients having abnormal pancreatic ducts, but findings of ERCP could not provide definite diagnosis. In the remaining 12 patients the abnormalities of pancreatic and/or bile ducts were strikingly similar to those found in pancreatic carcinoma. Double duct sign was also seen in one patient. All these 12 patients were incorrectly diagnosed as having pancreatic carcinoma. It is concluded that ERCP/PTC has little value in detecting PTP.
A randomized study on 100 patients of N0 supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma with at least 3 years of follow-up was performed. Surgery alone was used in 56 patients, and combined therapy in 46 patients. The neck failure occurred in 14 (26%) patients and 7 (15%) patients respectively, there was no statistically difference (P = 0.287). Neck failure was higher in T4 stage supraglottic carcinoma for controlling of regional recurrence.
We measured plasma sterol concentrations in 7 homozygotes with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, 5 heterozygotes and rats treated with BM 15.766, the competitive inhibitor of 7-dehydrocholesterol 7-reductase. Low cholesterol associated with markedly elevated 7-dehydrocholesterol concentrations were detected in the plasma of all homozygotes and inhibitor-treated rats. Heterozygotes were clinically normal and, like control subjects, showed only trace amounts of 7-dehydrocholesterol in plasma. We conclude that the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is due to an inherited defect in 7 dehydrocholesterol 7-reductase which causes the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and a deficiency of cholesterol in the plasma, a biochemical abnormality that can be reproduced in rats treated with BM 15.766.