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Biomedical subjects

G Wyatt

Publications and source records attributed to G Wyatt.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Correlates of first intercourse among women in Jamaica.

This study examines retrospective reports of factors anticipated to impact first intercourse in a random sample of 897 Jamaican women, and contributes to our understanding of the relationship between sexual risk, knowledge, and economic and demographic correlates of first intercourse. A relationship between initiation of intercourse prior to the age of consent (16 years) and factors occurring at or around the time of first intercourse was found. Early initiators were more likely to have had less early family stability and to have experienced menarche at a younger age than late initiators. Although early initiators of intercourse were more likely to report lower socioeconomic status, less STD knowledge, and greater numbers of pregnancies, they were no more likely to report more sexual partners than women who engaged in first intercourse after the age of consent, and had a greater number of long-term relationships. Regardless of age of first intercourse, women need to be made aware of the risks of sexual contact so that they can make informed decisions about the consequences of sexual activity. Overall, results are consistent with work conducted in other parts of the Caribbean and America regarding the age at which young women engage in first intercourse. Findings suggest the need for further work exploring expectations at first intercourse such as marriage, economic support, or relationship stability. Implications of these findings are discussed within the context of economic and structural factors that both increase and decrease risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Long-term female cancer survivors: quality of life issues and clinical implications.

The purpose of this research was to identify concerns and issues related to quality of life in long-term female cancer survivors and to discuss the implications of these issues for nursing. Data were collected by mailed questionnaire to 188 female long-term cancer survivors whose mean age was 61 years. Respondents were recruited through a Michigan tumor registry. The newly developed Long-Term Quality of Life (LTQL) instrument was used to measure quality of life in four domains: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. We hypothesized that physical concerns would be minimal, whereas psychological, social, and spiritual areas would encompass salient issues. Our hypotheses were supported, with the lowest levels of quality of life found in the areas of spiritual/philosophical views, diet and exercise habits, and social/emotional support; the highest area of quality of life was physical, i.e., the absence of somatic concerns. Long-term survivors have resolved many of the physical concerns resulting from their illness and treatment. However, nursing interventions can still improve quality of life in the psychological, social, and spiritual areas. A multipurpose support group for survivors is recommended, including "exercise partners" to support regular exercise, group discussions of spirituality and philosophical views of life, and community service activities with women's organizations and/or newly diagnosed women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Preliminary testing of the Long-Term Quality of Life (LTQL) instrument for female cancer survivors.

The purpose of this study was to develop a quality of life instrument for long-term female cancer survivors. A factor analysis (n = 188) of 34 items resulted in the Long-Term Quality of Life (LTQL) instrument. Internal consistency was high for the four subscales: somatic concerns (alpha = .86), spiritual/philosophical views of life (alpha = .87) fitness (alpha = .92) and social support (alpha = .88). These four factors are congruent with Ferrell's four theoretical domains of quality of life developed for women with breast cancer. Content validity was supported through interrater agreement of subscale items. Significant correlations between the LTQL and the CaRES, an established measure of quality of life, support the concurrent validity of the LTQL. Construct validity was supported by differential subscale scores according to demographic and health status data. Although the LTQL retained all of Ferrell's four domains of quality of life (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) within one instrument, individual items reconfigured to suggest an overlapping of domains for the long-term female cancer survivor. This research suggests that the LTQL warrants further testing and may be a useful measure of quality of life in long-term female cancer survivors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Breast cancer survivors: an exploration of quality of life issues.

This article explores long-term survivorship (5 years or longer) through focus group discussions with women who have experienced breast cancer. The data revealed four major themes; integration of the disease process into current life, change in perspective, and unresolved issues. These data begin to shed light on the issues of breast cancer survivors and can provide a basis for development of a quantitative instrument to be tested with larger populations.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of intercellular communication in Chinese hamster V79 cells by fractionated asphalt fume condensates.

Asphalt fume condensate is a skin carcinogen in mice, yet this complex mixture contains relatively low levels of known carcinogenic initiators. Consequently, its biological activity has been attributed to the presence of cocarcinogenic or tumor-promoting agents. One of several proposed mechanisms of tumor promotion is inhibition of intercellular communication. In an attempt to determine if asphalt fume has tumor-promoting potential inhibition of intercellular communication was measured in V79 cells exposed to fractionated asphalt fume condensate. Fume from air-blown Arabian crude asphalt was trapped and separated into five fractions by preparative-scale high-pressure liquid chromatography. The parent fume condensate and the five fractions inhibited intercellular communication in a concentration-dependent fashion, with a minimum effective concentration of 2.5 microgram/ml for the most potent fraction. Cytotoxicity assays were performed at the same time and concentrations as the metabolic cooperation assays. Cytotoxic responses paralleled the inhibition of intercellular communication.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Portsmouth operative delivery trial: a comparison vacuum extraction and forceps delivery.

A total of 304 women, for whom operative delivery was considered necessary in the second stage of labour, were randomly assigned to delivery by vacuum extraction or forceps. Of those allocated to forceps a higher proportion of babies were actually delivered with the allocated instrument; however, the caesarean section rate was also higher in this group. Maternal trauma, use of analgesia and blood loss at delivery were significantly less in the group allocated to vacuum extraction. Vacuum extraction did, however, appear to predispose to an increase in mild neonatal jaundice. More serious neonatal morbidity was rare in both groups and the trial was of insufficient size to rule out a clinically important differential effect of the two instruments on these measures of outcome. Another trial is now needed to address this still open question more rigorously.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological and sexual well-being, philosophical/spiritual views, and health habits of long-term cancer survivors.

The results of a survey on various aspects of quality of life for 191 women who were long-term cancer survivors are presented. We explored six areas--somatic concerns, health habits, psychological state, sexual satisfaction, social/emotional support giving, and philosophical/spiritual view--and whether differences existed in them among the women on the basis of age, educational level, income level, length of survival, location of residence (urban, suburban, or rural), cancer site, and whether a recurrence of the cancer had been experienced. Generally, the women reported good psychological states and relative satisfaction with their sexual lives. However, women who had experienced a recurrence of their cancer, were longer term survivors, or suffered from breast cancer all reported higher levels of somatic concerns. Women with higher levels of education or income and those who had had a recurrence of their cancer indicated a greater willingness to provide social and emotional support to other women newly diagnosed with cancer. Women who had a positive philosophical/spiritual outlook were more likely to have good health habits and be supportive of others. There was no statistically significant variation among the women in either health habits or psychological state for any of the factors considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A planning model for continuing education presenters.

To recap the seven considerations, they include location, structure and sequence, duration, participants, acceptable participant behavior, instructional moves, and content and materials. This planning model (see Figure 2) is one way of developing a well-organized continuing education program. The pain management topic has been used to demonstrate a practical application of the model and to stimulate thinking on planning. While this model could undoubtedly be expanded or adapted, it is a starting point for nurse presenters in the current void of guidelines for preparing continuing education programs. This model can serve as a baseline from which individual speakers can develop and create their own unique presentations.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The balancing touch.

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Complementary Therapies↗