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Biomedical subjects

G Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to G Wilson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Improvement in oxygen tensions and pulmonary blood flow with intermittent distal aortic compression during normoxia, hypoxic hypoxia, and hyperoxia in neonatal piglets.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We investigated the hypothesis that, in a newborn piglet during normoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia, increasing aortic pressure transiently by intermittent short-duration aortic compression would affect left-to-right shunting of blood and thus increase pulmonary artery blood flow, pulmonary arterial PO2, and aortic PO2 proximal to the point of compression. We also investigated whether a balloon atrial septostomy, by providing an open channel for communication between the right- and left-sided circulations, would further improve pulmonary blood flow and aortic PO2. Studies were performed in eight 7- to 10-day-old newborn piglets in three phases (FIO2 of 0.21, 0.12, and 1.0) before and after balloon arterial septostomy in each piglet. Blood gas measurements and hemodynamic variables were recorded before and at the end of a 30-sec period of aortic compression. RESULTS: During aortic compression, all the animals demonstrated a 50 to 70 mm Hg increase in aortic pressure proximal to the compression. Before balloon septostomy, there were 21%, 41%, and 8% increases in aortic PO2 in the room air, hypoxic, and hyperoxic phases of the experiment, respectively. There were also statistically significant increments in pulmonary blood flow and arterial pressures. After balloon septostomy, there were 35%, 25%, and 21% increments in aortic PO2 during the room air, hypoxic, and hyperoxic phases of the experiment, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant further improvement in the effects of aortic compression on PO2 with septostomy compared with those effects before septostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that increasing systemic arterial pressures in order to forcibly affect left-to-right shunting of blood may be potentially beneficial in the management of hypoxia in situations where low pulmonary artery blood flow may be contributing to hypoxia, e.g., in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

14C1, an antigen associated with human ovarian cancer, defined using a human IgG monoclonal antibody.

We have selected a human EBV-transformed cell line from the involved lymph nodes of an ovarian cancer patient which secretes an IgG1 kappa antibody, able to recognize an antigen present on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. The antigen, termed '14Cl,' has previously been shown by immunohistological techniques to be present on the surface of the malignant cells within tumour specimens. Western blotting analysis has shown that the majority of primary ovarian cancer specimens and three continuous cell lines derived therefrom express 14Cl; other tissue types were negative. Preliminary biochemical characterization has been carried out, which shows that the 14Cl antigen has a molecular weight range of 25-32 kD and an isoelectric point from pI 6.3 to 6.8. We believe that the 14Cl antigen is immunologically relevant to ovarian cancer patients and may therefore represent a novel target for both active and passive immunotherapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Inflammatory pseudotumour of the urinary bladder.

An inflammatory pseudotumour that arose in the urinary bladder of a 33-year-old woman is reported. This is the twelfth reported example of this unusual non-neoplastic lesion that may be mistaken for a sarcoma. The lesion was composed predominantly of spindle cells that by routine light microscopical, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination had features consistent with myofibroblasts. Awareness of this unusual lesion is important to prevent its misinterpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Primary health care: toward equity and efficiency in the accident and emergency department in Australia.

Primary health care in the accident and emergency department has been a philosophy of care that reacts to more than a client's presenting complaint (reactive care). It aims not only to manage the presenting complaint, but also to integrate continuing care with disease prevention and health promotion. Primary health care in the AED is intended to build fences around the cliffs forming our healthcare problems. At the same time it also encourages the provision of intensive care ambulances for those clients unfortunate to fall before the fences are finished or who fall over the fences.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

Common factor 1 is a transcriptional activator which binds in the c-myc promoter, the skeletal alpha-actin promoter, and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer.

Ubiquitously expressed transcription factors play an integral role in establishing and regulating patterns of gene transcription. Common factor 1 (CF1) is a ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding protein previously identified in our laboratory. We show here that CF1 recognizes sites in several diverse transcription elements, and we demonstrate the ability of the c-myc CF1 site to activate transcription of a basal promoter in both B cells and fibroblasts.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

N-myc genomic content and DNA ploidy in stage IVS neuroblastoma.

DNA ploidy and N-myc genomic content were analyzed in a series of stage IVS neuroblastomas by flow cytometry and Southern blot hybridization, respectively. Of the 12 stage IVS neuroblastomas studied, nine were aneuploid (DNA index [DI] greater than 1), two were diploid (DI = 1), and one was not assessable for DNA content due to insufficient tumor material. N-myc gene amplification was present in two of 12 tumors. None of the aneuploid tumors exhibited N-myc amplification. Among the aneuploid neuroblastomas, the DIs were between 1.27 and 1.60, ie, in the near-triploid range. The follow-up from diagnosis ranged from 1 to 41 months (mean, 20 months). The nine neuroblastomas with near-triploid DNA content were free of disease at the end of the follow-up period. In contrast, a rapid and fatal tumor progression was observed for the three neuroblastomas with N-myc amplification and/or diploidy. Although involving only a limited series, these results strongly suggest that the combined analysis of DNA ploidy and N-myc genomic content could predict clinical outcome in stage IVS neuroblastoma and should help to identify patients for whom a more aggressive therapy is required.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1990

Williams syndrome in twins.

Two sets of identical twins with Williams syndrome have been reported previously. We report on 2 additional sets of presumed identical twins with Williams syndrome. All 4 patients had the typical Williams syndrome facial appearance, growth deficiency, and developmental delay. None of the patients had supravalvular aortic stenoses; however, all were diagnosed as having probable distal pulmonary artery stenosis. In the set of twins in which serum calcium was measured, one twin had an elevated serum ionized calcium level. These 2 sets of twins further document the occurrence of Williams syndrome in identical twins. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of concordance in dizygotic twins. This adds further support to the likelihood that Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

The transport of vitamin B12 through polarized monolayers of Caco-2 cells.

Caco-2 cells grown on 0.45-micron filters, in Millicell chambers, form intact monolayers with many of the properties of polarized intestinal epithelial cells. It is reported here that these cells bind and internalize intrinsic factor-cobalamin complexes and that after 14-28 days in culture this specific binding is exclusively located on the apical membrane. Caco-2 cells also synthesize and secrete a protein with properties similar to transcobalamin II. This protein is secreted from the basolateral side of the cells after 20 days in culture. Specific apical-to-basolateral transcellular transport of [57Co]cobalamin also occurs between 20 and 28 days in culture. Thus, Caco-2 cells provide the first polarized human cell system for studying the transepithelial transport of cobalamin.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1990

Unsuspected diaphragmatic hernia: a potential cause of sudden and unexpected death in infancy and early childhood.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are usually found in neonates who present with respiratory distress. However, a significant number may remain clinically undiagnosed until much later in life. Of interest, the prognosis is felt to be better in this latter group. We describe three previously well patients (aged 2, 4, and 24 months) who suffered unexpected cardiorespiratory arrests due to unsuspected congenital diaphragmatic defects with intestinal herniation. Deaths resulted from cardiovascular and respiratory compromise due to visceral herniation that caused mediastinal and pulmonary compression.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Fibronectin distribution in normal and malignant urothelium.

Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that mediates the attachment of BCG to the murine bladder. To assess the potential role of fibronectin on bladder cancer cells as a specific substrate for BCG binding in man, a semi-quantitative method was employed to evaluate the presence of fibronectin on normal urothelium and bladder cancer. Monoclonal anti-fibronectin binding to normal and malignant urothelial tissues was evaluated by an immunoperoxidase assay. Human tumor cell lines were evaluated with mixed hemadsorption and immunoperoxidase assays. In both systems, immunoreactive fibronectin had low expression on unfixed normal and malignant urothelium. With fixation, immunoreactive fibronectin decreased on supporting stroma and increased in normal and malignant urothelium. Fibronectin distribution did not show tumor specificity either with fixed or unfixed specimens.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1990

Coronary angiography of pulmonary atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle, and ventriculocoronary communications.

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the spectrum of angiographic abnormalities of the coronary arteries in infants and children with pulmonary atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle, and right ventriculocoronary arterial communications. Twenty-nine patients with 67 angiographic examinations were reviewed; findings in seven patients were compared with those at autopsy. Twenty-seven (93%) of 29 patients had caliber abnormalities of the involved coronary arteries, including obstructive lesions in 20 (69%) of 29 and segmental dilatation in 16 (55%) of 29. Nine patients had interruption of the anterior descending artery and one had absent connection between the coronary arteries and the aorta. A single coronary artery was found in four of 29 patients. There was excellent correlation between clinical angiography and autopsy findings in seven patients. This study confirms the ability of high-quality clinical angiography to show significant abnormalities of the coronary arteries in infants and children with pulmonary atresia and ventriculocoronary communications.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Physical examination of musculoskeletal pain.

The authors present information on how to conduct an examination of musculoskeletal structures with the purpose of accurately locating the source of a patient's symptoms when musculoskeletal pathology is suspected. An accurate identification of the structure at fault will enable the physician to formulate a more specific and effective treatment program.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Serial determination of anthracycline poisoning in children].

Dose-related cardiotoxicity limits enthracycline administration in patients with solid tumours or leukaemia. Many patients (70%) would probably benefit by receiving more than a total accumulative dose of 500 mg/m2. As a measure of myocardial function the left ventricular ejection fractions (EF) were determined from serial radionuclide angiograms in 62 children who had at least 3 studies (mean age 8.4 +/- 5.4 years). Seven patients who had clinical evidence of cardiac involvement and/or a marked decline in their EF underwent endmyocardial biopsy (9 x). The EF declined progressively from 63 +/- 7% prior to chemotherapy to 60 +/- 5%, 58 +/- 7% and 54 +/- 7% after low, medium and high-dose anthracycline, respectively in the non-biopsied children vs 58 +/- 4%, 54 +/- 7% and 48 +/- 4% in the biopsied patients. Anthracycline dosage was 129 +/- 42, 307 +/- 68 and 471 +/- 61 mg/m2 and 103 +/- 64, 303 +/- 73 and 536 +/- 93 mg/m2, respectively. The biopsies were obtained at a mean anthracycline dose of 408 mg/m2 when the EF was 46 +/- 5%, and graded according to the modified Billingham score; grade 1 (6 x), 1.5 (2 x) and 2.5 (1 x). A decline in the EF was seen in 89% of our patients throughout their chemotherapy course, with a statistical significance of p less than 0.02 in the biopsied patients after medium dose therapy which was not seen in the non-biopsied children until they were receiving anthracyclines.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Spectral sensitivity in jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae).

1. We report here a psychophysical technique for studying the spectral sensitivity of jumping spiders (family Salticidae), based on a newly discovered oculomotor reflex. 2. Our results, obtained from Maevia inclemens (Salticidae), are compatible with electrophysiological findings of retinal cells maximally sensitive in the green and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. 3. Sensitivity to longer wavelengths (greater than 650 nm) has been controversial. In our study jumping spiders are shown to have a broad spectral sensitivity function extending from the ultraviolet (330 nm) to the deep red (700 nm).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cell kinetics in leukaemia and solid tumours studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry.

During a 15-month period, we used in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) infusion to study cell kinetics in 112 consecutive patients with various types of malignant tumours: acute leukaemia (50 patients), gastric cancer (42) and brain gliomas (20). The in vivo BUDR method requires that a single tumour sample be taken 4-6 h after infusion and that bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) be employed to measure simultaneously the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells (which are identified with a green fluorescent anti-BUDR monoclonal antibody) and their mean DNA content (following propidium iodide staining). This technique rapidly furnishes the labelling index (LI) and the DNA synthesis time (TS), from which the tumour potential doubling time (Tpot) and production rate (fractional turnover rate, FTR) are calculated. The procedure took 6-9 h to complete and there was no immediate toxicity from BUDR administration. Successful LI and TS determinations were obtained in 89 (80%) and 80 (72%) of the 112 patients, respectively. Correlations were sought between kinetic parameters and a number of pathological and clinical ones. In 34 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemias who were uniformly treated for remission (CR) induction and maintenance, proliferative activity, as measured by Tpot and FTR, was greater in responsive than in non-responsive patients, and in those who experienced CR for over 8 months than in those who had a shorter CR. Proliferative activity was also greater in patients with advanced gastric cancers than in those with more limited disease. No correlations between kinetic and clinical and pathological parameters were found in gliomas. These data indicate the in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM measurements can be performed in clinical settings to obtain kinetic data rapidly in quite large patient series. This will probably allow the inclusion of kinetic data in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of these data.

Adolescent↗