Biomedical subjects
G Williams
Publications and source records attributed to G Williams.
Nursing education in New Zealand.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Nutrition: hard to swallow.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Quantitative analysis of epidermal growth factor in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma and its prognostic significance.
The incidence of prostatic carcinoma (PC) is increasing worldwide. Despite the discovery by Huggins in 1941 of the hormone dependency of this tumour, the overall prognosis and survival for patients with advanced disease has not changed. The prognosis for individual patients with PC cannot be accurately predicted by factors such as clinical stage and histological differentiation of the tumour. There is therefore a need to investigate new prognosis factors to assess their role.
Effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor, ponalrestat, on diabetic neuropathy.
The effect of treatment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, Ponalrestat*, was studied in 30 diabetic patients with established peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. After a 4-week placebo run-in phase, patients were randomised to 16 weeks active or placebo treatment in a double-blind, parallel-group trial. Changes in neuropathy were assessed using vibration perception thresholds, heart rate responses to deep breathing, pulse and blood pressure changes on standing and the patients' subjective scoring of peripheral and autonomic neuropathic symptoms. In addition, circulating neuropeptides and the responses of circulating gut peptides to an oral glucose tolerance test were studied. There was a significant improvement in the mean vibration perception threshold over the four sites studied in the ponalrestat treated group. There were no significant changes in the other indices of neuropathy, including heart rate variability, blood pressure responses to standing or symptom scores, though there were trends towards improvement. There were no significant changes in the levels of the circulating neuropeptides or in the responses of the circulating gut peptides to oral glucose tolerance test. No clinically important side-effects attributable to ponalrestat were observed. We conclude that ponalrestat improves some of the parameters of diabetic neuropathy and is likely to be of value in the treatment of this condition.
Oral manifestations of communicable diseases.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Single registration: NZNA's view.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Plasma vitamins A and E, total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in captive jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus).
The concentrations of vitamins A and E in the plasma of captive jackass penguins was studied in birds fed defined quantities of the vitamins. For a year, each of the 17 adult birds in the colony received a daily diet of 340 g of sprats and a vitamin supplement tablet, together providing 2.04 mg per day retinol equivalent and 185 mg per day alpha-tocopherol equivalent. The concentrations of plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol and the alpha-tocopherol/total lipid ratio compared well with those recorded in wild populations of related species of penguin and the birds moulted and bred successfully.
Diazepam enhances fentanyl and diminishes meperidine antinociception.
A rabbit tooth pulp antinociceptive model was used to investigate the effect of prior administration of diazepam or muscimol on the potency and duration of fentanyl and meperidine Potency experiments compared ED(50) values in all-or-none dose-response assays between both muscimol (0.25 mg/kg) and saline, and diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) and propylene glycol vehicle. An all-or-none effect was defined as doubling of voltage threshold to elicit a lick/chew evoked response. Duration experiments compared time (minutes) to 50% maximum possible effect (MPE) of an ED(90) dose of fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg) and to 50% and 20% MPE of an ED(98) dose of meperidine (17 mg/kg) 10 minutes after pretreatment with diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). Prior (10 minutes) injection of diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) increased the ED(50) value for meperidine (3.06 mg/kg) compared with its control (1.48 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in antinociceptive potency. The same dose of diazepam decreased the ED(50) value for fentanyl (1.1 μg/kg) compared with its control (13.1 μg/kg), indicating an increase in antinociceptive potency. Muscimol also had a similar effect on fentanyl (ED(50), 1.8 μg/kg) compared with saline control (ED(50), 13.8 μg/kg). Diazepam, vehicle, and muscimol by themselves had no effect on voltage thresholds to elicit a lick/chew response. Time to 50% MPE for diazepam-fentanyl was 38 minutes vs. 25 minutes for vehicle-fetanyl; time to 20% MPE for diazepam-meperidine was 38 minutes vs. 54 minutes for vehicle-meperidine (maximum percentage of MPE produced by diazepam-meperidine was 40% compared with 100% MPE for vehicle-meperidine). Percentages of MPE for diazepam-meperidine were significantly lower than those for vehicle-meperidine at all time intervals, whereas percentages of MPE for diazepam-fentanyl were significantly greater than those for vehicle-fentanyl over time.
Raising the standards. Operation COBRA.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Intracranial Serratia infection in preterm newborn infants.
Four cases of cerebral Serratia infection in preterm infants were diagnosed with the aid of real-time sector sonography. Three cases had brain abscesses and one case had ventriculitis. In two cases brain abscesses had ruptured into the ventricles. Serratia brain abscess was common in our series of brain abscesses. Sonographic patterns of cerebritis, abscess formation, and ventriculitis correlated well with computed tomographic scans. Bedside cerebral sonography proved to be useful for the diagnosis, location, and follow-up of intracranial Serratia infection.
The groin flap: report of a case of complications in the donor site.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Sodium nitroprusside pharmacoangiography: arteriographic enhancement by local vasodilation.
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was injected intra-arterially into the right femoral artery of five dogs, to promote arteriographic enhancement with minimal systemic effects. Injection of 3 microgram/Kg SNP or more, produced tachycardia, hypotension and increased pulsatile arterial blood flow. a 36% pulsatile arterial flow increase, which lasted 25 seconds or less, was the most remarkable systemic change seen after intra-arterial injection of 2.5 microgram/Kg SNP. Small doses were followed by even lesser systemic changes but were ineffective in promoting arteriographic enhancement. Comparison of arteriograms obtained before and after 2.5 microgram/Kg SNP injection showed increased arterial diameter, greater architectural detail and extensive visualization of previously undetected smaller arteries in post-SNP angiograms. Thus, suggesting that 2.5 microgram/Kg was the optimal SNP dose for production of local arterial without remarkable systemic effects. Good results of SNP pharmacoangiography in this experimental series suggest that further research on this topic is warranted.
Children's nurse education in the community.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Pathophysiological causes and clinical significance of flushing.
Flushing is a common and important symptom, resulting from changes in cutaneous blood flow. It occurs as part of a number of endocrine syndromes, and may be caused pharmacologically. Effective management depends on accurate diagnosis and understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Intravascular ultrasonography.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Impact of health reorganization on nurses in New Zealand.
New Zealand, like many other Western countries, has undergone widesweeping restructuring in its public sector over the past few years. Embracing a market economy, successive governments--both liberal and conservative--have encouraged competition and deregulation. Below, how the New Zealand nurses reorganized to meet this new challenge.