Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Wiese.
The two antibiotic combinations ceftriaxone (Rocephin)/gentamicin and azlocillin/gentamicin were compared in a randomized study in a total of 49 premature and full-term neonates with the clinical symptoms of sepsis. In both groups, equally good efficacy and reliability and very good tolerability were observed.
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The degradation of doxorubicin in acidic medium has been investigated using a stability indicating high pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Influences of temperature, pH and ionic strength on the degradation rate are quantified. The stability of doxorubicin at 50 degrees C is compared with those of seven related anthracyclines. The aglycone degradation products are characterized by mass spectrometry and by chromatography.
The spatial energy distribution under a phototherapy unit fitted with a special halide lamp (ex. Hereaus, "Photo-Therapie 800") is particularly uneven, with a pronounced decrease in energy towards the edges. With a correct positioning of the child in the centre of the luminous cone however, the energy of the effective light is still distinctly higher than that received from a phototherapy unit fitted with 6 blue fluorescent tubes (Philips 20W/52 BAM blue). With the addition of lateral aluminium reflectors, not only is the effective energy intensity increased, but also the spatial energy distribution becomes more even, so that a very exact positioning of the child is no longer required.
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Davis and co-workers reported on the failure of phototherapy to reduce plasma bilirubin levels in the bile duct-ligated Gunn rat. We cannot confirm this conclusion. We found that the effect was reduced by a factor of 4-5. With higher effective irradiances distinct decreases of the serum bilirubin concentration can be achieved and the excretion of bilirubin photoproducts in the urine markedly will rise.
Triamcinolone-acetonide crystals suspended in a zinc oxide shake lotion permeate the deeper skin layers especially if applied to a damaged horny layer. The influx rate of the corticosteroid is approximately 20 times higher in damaged skin (e.g. removing of horny layer by stripping) than in healthy skin. Zinc oxide is absorbed by the middle and lower layers of the horny layer respectively epidermis, out of the triamcinolone-acetonide shake lotion. The corticosteroid and zinc component as well as a physical properties of the shake lotion have a therapeutical effect.
In order to evaluate the elastic properties of the lungs in children, a new exponential sigmoid curve fitting model was developed with the function VL = Vm + (Vm/1 + b X e-K X Pst), where VL is the lung volume, Pst the static recoil pressure, VM and Vm the upper and the lower asymptotes (limits of lung volume) and K and b are specific constants. Pressure-volume (PV) data obtained from tidal breathing cycles at different inflation and deflation levels from functional residual capacity (FRC) up to approximately 90% total lung capacity (TLC) in 16 healthy children have been evaluated by this model. K in relation to age, calculated by the least square nonlinear regression analysis decreased during childhood, whereas in b increased. It seems that K (a volume-independent index of compliance and alveolar distensibility) is influenced by the increasing number of elastic fiber bundles, changes in the surface/volume ratio and finally by changes in the composition of the surfactant. It can be seen that this model is not only restricted to higher lung volumes, the lower limb of the S-shaped curve is also represented.
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The data on dose-response relationship of phototherapy published by Tan [1977] were inserted into an e function, with energy in the exponent. The following features emerged: a) no real saturation point was reached when the spontaneous bilirubin decline was also taken into consideration, and b) a direct proportionality became evident between the two different, superimposed spectral ranges of irradiance measured and evaluated by Tan. Analogous proportionalities should be calculated for other spectral ranges and for other radiometers to simplify the comparison of irradiance data given by different authors.
In pharmacokinetic studies we proved that the efficacy of phototherapy in jaundiced Gunn rats was enhanced by administration of human albumin. The albumin injections provoked a bilirubin shift from extravascular compartments into the circulation. In this study, calculations on the optimal albumin dose were carried out. After s.c. injections a good effect could be ascertained with doses between 2 and 4 g/kg body weight. After i.v. injections effective plasma concentrations could be maintained for an acceptable time by about 2g albumin/kg body weight. When overdoses were given, a considerable amount of albumin was eliminated very quickly--especially after i.v. injections with the rapid rise of the plasma level. Clinical implications are discussed.
A new mathematical analysis is done with data from animal tests published 1977 in this journal. For the phototherapy-induced serum bilirubin decrease, reliable concentration-time functions can be ascertained for any starting level and for any type of fluorescent tube. No saturation point was reached although highly effective irradiances were used.
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Spiroergometric and telemetric investigations were carried out on 100 paralysed athletes during the XXI International Stoke Mandeville Games in Heidelberg, 1972. The technical and organisational difficulties in carrying out these measurements were engendered by the disabilities of subjects. The maximum oxygen uptake observed and the oxygen pulse were lower than in non-disabled persons. There were no differences in the peak heart rates (180-200 beats/min.) as compared with non-disabled athletes during particular competition situations. Sports characterised by quickness, dexterity and strength are not able to train the cardiopulomnary system substantially. Swimming is recommended as beneficial. Psychological and training physiological considerations suggest that long-distance wheelchair races should be adopted as a Stoke Mandeville event.
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