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Biomedical subjects

G White

Publications and source records attributed to G White.

234 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective study of shoulder disability resulting from radical and modified neck dissections.

A prospective longitudinal study of shoulder function after 103 neck dissections involving either preservation or sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve is presented. The postoperative evolution and course of trapezius muscle denervation and resultant shoulder dysfunction were objectively determined for both radical and modified nerve sparing neck dissections. All patients were enrolled in a program of physical therapy aimed at maintaining range of motion at the shoulder joint. Shoulder function was examined preoperatively and for 12 months postoperatively with manual muscle strength testing, range of motion measurements, and electrodiagnostic testing. Results indicate that modified nerve sparing dissections are followed on the average by a significant, but temporary and reversible phase of shoulder dysfunction. By comparison, radical neck dissection is followed by profound and permanent trapezius muscle weakness and denervation.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypothesis: hyperstructures regulate bacterial structure and the cell cycle.

A myriad different constituents or elements (genes, proteins, lipids, ions, small molecules etc.) participate in numerous physico-chemical processes to create bacteria that can adapt to their environments to survive, grow and, via the cell cycle, reproduce. We explore the possibility that it is too difficult to explain cell cycle progression in terms of these elements and that an intermediate level of explanation is needed. This level is that of hyperstructures. A hyperstructure is large, has usually one particular function, and contains many elements. Non-equilibrium, or even dissipative, hyperstructures that, for example, assemble to transport and metabolize nutrients may comprise membrane domains of transporters plus cytoplasmic metabolons plus the genes that encode the hyperstructure's enzymes. The processes involved in the putative formation of hyperstructures include: metabolite-induced changes to protein affinities that result in metabolon formation, lipid-organizing forces that result in lateral and transverse asymmetries, post-translational modifications, equilibration of water structures that may alter distributions of other molecules, transertion, ion currents, emission of electromagnetic radiation and long range mechanical vibrations. Equilibrium hyperstructures may also exist such as topological arrays of DNA in the form of cholesteric liquid crystals. We present here the beginning of a picture of the bacterial cell in which hyperstructures form to maximize efficiency and in which the properties of hyperstructures drive the cell cycle.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional supplements and tube feeds: what is available?

A wide range of specialized nutritional feeding products are now available. One condition for which nutritional feeding products are commonly prescribed is disease-related malnutrition. Nutritional support for poorly nourished clients consists of more than simply prescribing a specialized product. Key nutrition messages need to be applied to individual situations to promote optimal nutritional intake. However, in many situations clients are unable to meet their nutritional requirements by food alone and nutritional supplement products are then extremely useful. The nutritional status of all those receiving nutritional support should be monitored regularly; as the client's nutritional status improves, his/her intake of these products may need to be reduced or stopped. If clients are unable to maintain or improve their nutritional status despite the use of nutritional supplements, additional help from an alternative feeding product may be required.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An inquiry into the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care.

The requirement of healthcare professionals to consider the whole person, including spirituality, is hampered by a lack of clarity about the nature of spirituality and spiritual care. A multidisciplinary cooperative inquiry group met during 1997 and 1998 to explore this issue. The aim of the group was to 'explore spirituality with a view to how that informs our work'. Group members understood spirituality to be a unique potential that forms an integral part of every human being. Key themes through which spirituality may be expressed are the search for meaning or purpose and a sense of connection. Outcomes of the inquiry included personal and professional development, increased recognition of spirituality and further training opportunities for other staff.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser welding of large diameter arteries and veins.

Based on our preliminary studies and the results of this study, we conclude that argon laser welding of 4-8 mm internal diameter veins, arteries, and arteriovenous fistulas may have several potential advantages compared to conventional suture techniques. The benefits of laser repairs may include improved mechanical properties, and absence of the foreign body response related to sutures. Laser welding is sterile, nontactile and possibly time conserving, and the wounds heal rapidly without aneurysms or excess tissue proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the treatment of bacterial and coccidial diseases of poultry.

Representative experiments from work undertaken to develop a synergistic mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the preventive treatment of certain poultry diseases are described. Sulphaquinoxaline in the diet for four days was shown to achieve at least an 85 per cent higher blood level than nine other sulphonamides in chicks, and the efficacies of various trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline regimes in the diet or in the drinking water were demonstrated against pasteurellosis, colisepticaemia and five kinds of coccidiosis. Regimes for bacterial diseases were begun one day before infection but those for coccidial diseases were begun on the same day as infection or later. Overall, a total dose of 30 mg/kg bodyweight/day (trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline = 1:3) controlled these seven diseases. The same treatment was also shown to control sulphaquinoxaline-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Eimeria acervulina. Although both drinking water and food were used for drug administration, twice the inclusion rate was required in food to that in water for equivalent efficacy. The significance of different modes of expression of dosages for bacterial and coccidial diseases is explained.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Culture, community medicine and venereal disease.

This paper reports a remarkable case of venereal disease. It discusses the serious implications and enormous difficulties of control in an Aboriginal community in which striking cultural practices play a unique and major role in disease transmission. Despite known aetiology and the ready availability of inexpensive treatment, patients continue to suffer whilst health education remains extremely difficult.

Adult↗