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Biomedical subjects

G Weinberg

Publications and source records attributed to G Weinberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Duodenal atresia presenting as hematemesis in a premature infant with Down syndrome. Case report and review of the literature.

Congenital duodenal obstruction, a common complication of Down syndrome, most often presents as neonatal bilious vomiting. We report the first premature infant with Down syndrome whose duodenal atresia presented with a massive hematemesis secondary to duodenitis. Since a plain radiograph of the abdomen is diagnostic in the case of duodenal obstruction, it should be included in the diagnostic workup of hematemesis in newborn infants.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The irreducible ovary: a true emergency.

The management of a child with an irreducible ovary remains inconsistent in pediatric surgical centers. An informal survey of senior pediatric surgeons and an extensive review of the literature showed a prevailing view that the trapped ovary is not at significant risk of vascular compromise. Two recent cases prompted a review of our experience from 1984 to 1989, during which 1,699 children with inguinal hernias underwent operation, 386 (23%) of whom were girls. Fifteen girls (4%) had irreducible ovaries present at the time of operation and in 4 of the 15 (27%) the ovary was twisted and infarcted. Two of the 4 girls were known to have an irreducible ovary prior to the day of operation--1 was noted 2 months earlier and 1 was noted 1 month earlier. At the time of the initial diagnosis, neither patient had physical findings of vascular compromise of the ovary. In the other two girls, evidence of an infarcted ovary was present when the hernia was first diagnosed and an emergency operation was performed. A 27% incidence of torsion and strangulation of irreducible ovaries appears to be high, but reports of strangulated ovaries have been reported in 2% to 33% of other series. The normal anatomy is altered when an ovary is trapped in a hernia sac, and these changes make torsion more likely. Although an irreducible ovary is not at great risk of compression of its blood supply, this report identifies a significant risk of torsion. This risk warrants treating the asymptomatic irreducible ovary as any other incarcerated hernia--as a true emergency.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1989

Idiopathic intestinal perforations in the newborn: an increasingly common entity.

Between 1982 and 1987 seven neonates ranging in age from 24 hours to 1 week were treated for idiopathic intestinal perforations at the Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Four of the infants were born prematurely; three were full term. Five were being treated in an intensive care nursery when the perforation was diagnosed. All infants whose perforations were due to necrotizing enterocolitis, appendicitis, Hirschsprung's disease, meconium ileus, intestinal atresias, or drug therapy are excluded from the series. None of the infants had associated anomalies. The sites of the perforations were as follows: two in the jejunum, two in the ileum, one in the cecum, and two in the transverse colon. Six of the perforations were on the antimesenteric aspect of the bowel; one was on the mesenteric aspect. The sizes of the perforations ranged from pinhole to 1 cm in diameter. All the infants did well. Pathologic examination of the resected specimens failed to reveal an etiology for the perforations. There were no cases of duplication or muscular hypoplasia. We believe the etiology of this condition may be ischemic necrosis, secondary to a localized vascular accident in the wall of the affected viscus, but we do not have a good explanation for the upsurge in cases we are seeing.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1989

A new scale for the assessment of functional status in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.

Assessment of the functional competencies of patients with dementia is typically conducted in an indirect manner. Psychological tests of cognition or descriptions by relatives or other caregivers are often used to make judgments as to the patient's ability to adapt to the demands of the environment. However, these methods have built-in biases. The need for direct assessment of functional status was addressed by developing a standardized operational procedure to examine areas of functional competence which may become impaired in Alzheimer's disease and other related memory disorders. The resulting instrument has high interrater and test-retest reliabilities. Convergent validity is evidenced by significant correlations between the scale and established measures of functional status. Patients with Alzheimer's disease exhibited deficits in functional capacities relative to age-equivalent normal controls and to elderly patients with a primary major depression.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

DNA-fork displacement rates in cultured mammalian cells with mutations in ribonucleotide reductase.

DNA-replication fork displacement rates were measured in mouse S49 lymphosarcoma cell lines and in derivatives of those cell lines. One of the derivatives lacks dCMP deaminase activity and two others bear defined mutations in ribonucleotide reductase. We also examined a revertant cell line that was selected from one of the ribonucleotide reductase mutants and has regained normal ribonucleotide reductase activity. Our results show a correlation between decreased fork-displacement rates and alterations in ribonucleotide reductase, suggesting a possible involvement of this enzyme in the replication apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of neonatal heat loss by an insulated head cover.

When exposed to a cool environment, the newborn infant responds by nonshivering thermogenesis. The increased heat production is at the expense of body fuel and energy stores. A significant quantity of heat is lost from the head because of its large surface area and the high metabolic activity of the neonatal brain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dry cranial heat loss could be significantly reduced by covering the head with highly insulated material, and to determine whether plastic lined hats decreased evaporative heat loss. A total of 46 fullterm and premature infants were studied. Hats insulated with material made of olefin and polyester reduced cranial dry heat loss by 73% and 63%. Plastic lined hats reduced evaporative heat loss by 68%. The insulated and lined hats proved to be a simple and safe method of effectively reducing dry and evaporative heat loss.

Alkenes↗
PubMed1982

Control of cigarette smoking from a medical perspective.

Cigarette smoking cessation is apparently associated with decreased risk of heart attack and cancer and improvement in pulmonary function. We suspect, however, that those who quit smoking are not the "highest risk group." The preliminary results of clinical trials at least for heart disease and smoking cessation are not as impressive as the results of observational studies. Isolated smoking cessation programs with reference to a definable population contribute little to our knowledge of the health effects of smoking cessation, probably attract relatively "low risk smokers," and have a smaller public health impact than anticipated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Mutator phenotypes in mammalian cell mutants with distinct biochemical defects and abnormal deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools.

Recent studies of in vitro DNA synthesis have shown that fidelity of replication is influenced by the relative concentrations of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Several investigators have used reconstituted prokaryotic replication systems to copy defined natural templates and have shown that specific incorporation errors can be induced by an appropriate bias of the precursor pools. The recent demonstration of mutator phenotypes among mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines with altered intracellular dNTP pools has allowed extension of the in vitro observations to eukaryotic replication and repair mechanisms. We describe here three mutant murine T-lymphosarcoma cell lines with altered dNTP pools and increased rates of spontaneous mutation to dexamethasone resistance and 6-thioguanine resistance. Unlike previously described mammalian cells with mutator phenotypes, these three lines have demonstrable defects in known structural gene products. Two of these cell lines are heterozygous for mutations affecting the M1 subunit of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase; the other mutant is deficient in deoxycytidylate deaminase. In each cell line these mutations result in deranged endogenous dNTP pools and increased rates of spontaneous mutation, which are shown to be characteristic of the cell line and independent of the two genetic markers examined. Furthermore, normalization of the dNTP pools of the deaminase-deficient cells suppresses its mutator phenotype. Thus, abnormal dNTP pools seem to cause enhanced mutagenesis in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in shock and resuscitation.

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2), arterial oxygen tension, pulse, blood pressure, cardiac output and base excess or deficit were serially measured in 18 piglets, 7 to 14 days of age, subjected to a 35% hemorrhage and reinfusion of shed blood. Eight of 18 pigs died. There is a strong correlation between TcPO2 and PaO2 during normal flow, but a marked discrepancy develops during hemorrhage. Cardiac output, base deficit, and TcPO2 all follow a similar pattern during hemorrhage, but TcPO2 decreases more rapidly and remains at a low level in the nonsurviving animals. TcPO2, therefore, appears to be a sensitive, noninvasive indicator of low flow and the adequacy of resuscitation.

Animals↗