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Biomedical subjects

G Ward

Publications and source records attributed to G Ward.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Isolation and characterization of two new herpes-like viruses from capuchin monkeys.

Two herpes-like viruses were isolated from capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) brain and (Cebus albifrons) spleen cell cultures, respectively. Both isolates induced similar cytopathic effects consisting of rounded and ballooned cells in the original monkey cell cultures and in a wide range of permissive cell types. Neutralizing antibody to each virus was present in serum from the capuchin monkey from which it was isolated, but the two viruses did not cross-react by neutralization. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates of hyperimmune rabbit serum to one of the isolates showed an antigenic cross relationship between the two isolates. By electron microscopy, herpes-like virus particles were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected human diploid fibroblast cell cultures. Virus-infected cell cultures stained with acridine orange revealed small deoxyribonucleic acid-containing intranuclear inclusion bodies. Both viruses were inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and inactivated by chloroform or exposure to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Antisera prepared against 16 prototype herpesviruses and cytomegaloviruses did not neutralize approximately 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of either capuchin isolate. Neutralizing antibody to the capuchin isolates was detected in sera from 8 of 17 capuchin monkeys but not in sera from 16 humans, 15 chimpanzees, and 10 spider, 6 rhesus, and 5 squirrel monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Transplacental transmission of rubella virus infection in rabbits.

Rabbits were inseminated artificially and inoculated 1 week later with rubella virus. The attenuated vaccine strain HPV-77 or strain 67-1127 which had been through 12 cell culture passages was used. Half of the rabbits in each group had been inoculated 1 month prior to insemination with the corresponding strain. Evidence of infection induced by either strain was obtained by immunofluorescence in lung, spleen, and placenta. Rubella virus antigen was also found in the lung of a 2-month-old rabbit of a dam inoculated with strain 67-1127. A high rate of stillbirths and neonatal deaths and poor weight gain occurred in litters of the 67-1127 group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of prolonged hyperinsulinaemia on adipocyte insulin binding and action in normal man.

Prolonged moderate insulinaemia over 20 h in normal humans produces a significant reduction of in vivo insulin action. To examine the effects in man of such moderate hyperinsulinaemia on in vitro glucose metabolism, insulin-receptor binding, glucose transport and incorporation of glucose into lipid were determined in adipocytes isolated from paired gluteal fat biopsies, taken from six normal human volunteers before and 1 h after 20 h of exogenous hyperinsulinaemia (plasma insulin 38 +/- 3 mU/l). Specific binding of insulin to isolated adipocytes was not altered (6.7 +/- 0.7 versus 7.6 +/- 1.5% per 10(5) cells). Basal glucose transport of 3-O-[14C]methylglucose in the absence of insulin was reduced after hyperinsulinaemia (5.2 +/- 1.1 versus post 4.3 +/- 1.3 pmol/7 s per 10(5) cells, 0.1 less than P greater than 0.05; or expressed as percent of maximal response: 60 +/- 5 versus post 49 +/- 1%, P less than 0.05), but maximal transport (9.2 +/- 1.5 versus post 8.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/7 s per 10(5) cells) and ED50 (87 +/- 17 versus 67 +/- 15 pmol/l) were unchanged. Conversion of glucose into lipid, using 3-D-[3H]glucose, was unchanged basally, at maximal response or ED50 of the dose response curve. In conclusion, moderate 20 h in vivo hyperinsulinaemia in normal humans induces only a small change in basal vitro adipocyte glucose transport, and no change in insulin-receptor binding or in vitro incorporation of glucose into lipid. These data suggest that the adipocyte does not contribute to the impaired insulin action produced by in vivo moderate hyperinsulinaemia in man.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A crosslinguistic study of postposing in discourse.

In this paper we examine constraints on the use of seven sentence-types permitting the non-canonical appearance of the logical subject in post-verbal position: inversion in English and in Farsi, presentational and existential there-sentences in English, presentational ci-sentences and subject inversion in Italian, and es+subject postposing in Yiddish. We show that these sentence-types share a common discourse constraint: each requires the NP in non-canonical (i.e. postposed) position to represent information that is unfamiliar in some sense. The discourse function of postposing is contrasted with that of another sentence-type involving post-verbal subjects: right-dislocation in English. Unlike postposed NPs, the marked NP of English right-dislocation represents information that is familiar within the discourse: concomitantly, a pronoun coreferential with the marked constituent appears in this constituent's canonical position. We argue, then, that the function of postposing is to place subjects representing unfamiliar information in sentence-final position. On this analysis the functional difference between these sentence-types and English right-dislocation can be straightforwardly accounted for. Given that the marked NP of right-dislocation is coreferential with an intrasentential pronoun, we would expect this NP to represent a discourse-old entity, as do anaphoric pronouns in general. Thus, it is not accidental that right-dislocation does not serve to keep unfamiliar information out of subject position; the presence of the pronoun rules out such a function.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A critical review of laser Doppler flowmetry.

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is now a well-established, non-invasive technique for measuring microvascular blood perfusion. However, there are a number of factors which can seriously affect the interpretation of the laser Doppler signal which are often not considered during routine use. These include: consideration of signal processing limitations, choice of processing bandwidth, problems with motion artefact and instrument calibration, the effect of probe pressure on the skin, and the type of laser used. This paper reviews many of the problems and limitations frequently encountered using the laser Doppler technique.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of upper cervical or sacroiliac manipulation on hip flexion range of motion.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of an upper cervical manipulation and a manipulation of the sacroiliac joint for increasing hip range of motion. DESIGN: Clinical cohort study. SETTING: Macquarie University Centre for Chiropractic Outpatient Clinic. SAMPLE: Fifty-two randomly chosen university students aged 18 to 34 yr. METHOD: A reliable hand-held dynamometer was used to determine the end point of range of motion before and after the application of a treatment. Three groups of subjects were created: cervical manipulation, sacroiliac manipulation and sham/placebo. Range of motion of the hip in flexion (SLR) was used as the independent variable. RESULTS: The two manipulative treatments resulted in increased flexion range of motion at the hip. Statistical analysis revealed that only the upper cervical manipulation procedure increased hip flexion range of motion significantly. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that manual therapy of the neck may affect hip range of motion in normal adults. Findings such as these may indicate the existence of a link between the cervical spine and the lower extremity.

Adolescent↗