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Biomedical subjects

G W Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to G W Fischer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Immunoprecipitation and opsonic cross-reaction between type-14 pneumococcus and group-B streptococcus type III.

Antisera directed against type-14 pneumococcus was opsonic for several strains of type-III group-B streptococcus. Furthermore, the polysaccharide antigen in the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine reacted to form precipitation lines with antisera directed against type-14 pneumococcus and group-B streptococcus type III Immunisation with currently available pneumococcal vaccine may provide opsonic antibody against group-B streptococci and provide a method of preventing neonatal group-B streptococcal infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunochemical cross-reactions between type III group B Streptococcus and type 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Serological cross-reactions between certain streptococci and some serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been reported. These studies detail the serological cross-reactivity observed between hot HCl-extracted group b streptococcus type III (GBS III) antigens and S. pneumoniae type 14 (Pn 14) polysaccharide. Similar electrophoretic migration patterns of GBS III and Pn 14 were observed when either type-specific BGS III antisera or pneumococcal omniserum was utilized to precipitate these antigens. Both the GBS III antigen and the Pn 14 polysaccharide migrated toward the cathode, whereas all other pneumococcal polysaccharides migrated toward the anode. No cross-reactions were observed between GBS III antisera and the 11 other types of pneumococcal polysaccharides. Lines of identity were observed between type-specific GBS III antisera and monospecific Pn 14 antiserum with either GBS III antigens or purified Pn 14 polysaccharide. The cross-reacting antigens of GBS III and Pn 14 appear to be identical by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of opsonic activity and in vivo protection against group B streptococci type III by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 antisera.

The present studies demonstrate that antisera directed against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 is opsonic for group B streptococci type III in a neutrophile-mediated bactericidal assay. Specificity was demonstrated by the observations that group B streptococci type III and S. pneumoniae type 14 adsorbed the opsonic activity of anti-S. pneumoniae type 14 antisera. Group B streptococci strain 090R (devoid of type antigens) and S. pneumoniae type 3, did not remove the opsonic activity of anti-S. pneumoniae type 14 serum. In vivo studies using a suckling rat model of neonatal group B streptococcal type III sepsis demonstrated that antisera directed against S. pneumoniae type 14 was highly protective.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Oral polio vaccine. Effect of booster vaccination one to 14 years after primary series.

We studied the persistence of antibody after vaccination and the response to booster revaccination with trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) administered at varied intervals after the primary series in a large group of children. Decline in antibody was related to intervals since last vaccination, and not to sex, age, age at primary vaccination, or type and number of previous administrations. Geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibody were 11.3 for type 1 and 8.0 for types 2 and 3 poliovirus when vaccine had been given within the previous year, declining to 3.2, 3.0, and 2.1 for types 1, 2, and 3 after nine years. Most children with an initial titer of 4 or less responded to revaccination with a fourfold or greater increase in titer of IgG. Geometric mean titers for all three types of polio dropped to this level when last TOPV administration had been five to six years or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of miconazole therapy in experimental disseminated candidiasis in laboratory rats.

Miconazole, a broad-spectrum antimycotic agent with some antibacterial activity, has recently become available for experimental parenteral use in the United States. Its efficacy as an anticandidal drug was tested in adult Wistar rats. A previously established infectious dose of 5 x 10(6)Candida albicans was intravenously injected into 250- to 300-g animals. This dose was fatal to 95% (20/21) of placebo-treated control animals within the 2-week postinfection observation period. Only 4% (2/53) of rats receiving intramuscular miconazole treatment died. Miconazole therapy in Candida-infected rats at a dosage of 50 mg/kg per day resulted in 85% survival, and, although 100 mg/kg per day was 100% efficacious, it was a relatively large volume to give intramuscularly to a rat. Therefore, 75 mg/kg per day was used as a therapeutic dose, and it gave favorable results in this study. Histological examination of all placebo-treated animals revealed C. albicans and a marked inflammatory response in the kidney, brain, and heart. C. albicans organisms were observed to be very prominent in these tissues by using the Gomori methenamine silver stain, and were cultured from these organs. Miconazole-treated rats that were killed after surviving the 2-week observation period had minimal histopathological changes, and the organisms present did not exhibit the same staining characteristics, nor were they isolated like those in the placebo-treated group. Miconazole appears to be an efficacious drug for parenteral therapy, as demonstrated in this reproducible model of disseminated candidiasis in laboratory rats, and more extensive experimental studies are indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of levamisole on metabolism of phagocytic cells.

The effect of levamisole (LMS) on glucose metabolism was studied using a protozoan phagocytic model and human leukocytes. At concentrations of greater than 10 microgram/ml, LMS inhibited glucose metabolism in the protozoan phagocytic model. Glucose metabolism in both the phagocytic model and normal peripheral blood leukocytes was, however, minimally altered when exposed to levels of LMS of less than 10 microgram/ml. In contrast, myeloblasts from a child with leukemia seemed to have increased metabolic activity and 5 microgram/ml of LMS markedly reduced the glucose metabolism. These preliminary studies suggest that LMS can alter glucose metabolism of certain cells and that some malignant cells may be directly inhibited metabolically by LMS.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Effect of levamisole on aggregation of platelets stimulated with compounds associated with the prostaglandin synthetic pathway.

Levamisole, L-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo-(2,1-b)-thiazole-hydrocholoride at various concentrations (2.5 to 40 microgram) added to platelet rich plasma inhibited aggregation of platelets. The 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) of levamisole in platelet aggregation induced by hydrogen peroixde (9.4 x 10(-1) mM), epinephrine (1.0 x 10(-1) micrometer), endoperoxide-analog (2.9 x 10(-1) micrometer) and arachidonic acid (3.3 micrometer) were 11.0, 8.0, 11.5 and 16.0 microgram/test, respectively. It is suggested that levamisole like imidazole inhibit platelet aggregation and this factor should be considered in the administration of levamisole, especially in cardiovascular diseases.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed1977

Otogenous tetanus: a sequelae of chronic ear infections.

Eight patients had bacteriologically confirmed otogenous tetanus and all survived, suggesting that this may be a less severe form of the disease. Clostridium organisms most probably secondarily infect the purulent ear discharge after contamination by dirty cloth or fingers. Since most cases of tetanus are seen first by pediatricians or family physicians, they should be familiar with this potential source. Adequate tetanus immunization predisposed to chronic otorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Mutagenicity of dichloroacetaldehyde and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-dihydroxy-ethanephosphonic acid methyl ester, possible metabolites of the organophosphate pesticide Trichlorphon].

Dichloroacetaldehyde and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-dihydroxy-ethanephosphonic acid methyl ester which are formed solvolytically from desmethyltrichlorphone, an in vivo metabolite of the organophosphorus pesticide Trichlorphone, show in the dominant lethal test in mice at equimolar dosage (1.6 mmol/kg) a mutagenic activity comparable with that of Trichlorphon. Therefore it cannot be ruled out that the genetic effects of this pesticide may be due in part to the action of its degradation products.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1976

Booster vaccination with further live attenuated measles vaccine.

Revaccination with live attenuated measles vaccine was evaluated in a large group of children to determine (1) if protective antibody to measles infection could be augmented and (2) after what interval will the revaccination yield optimal results. The rate of decline in measles hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was observed to be directly related to the time interval since the previous vaccination, and individuals with declining titers became increasingly responsive to revaccination with a maximal response approximately four to six years after previous vaccination. Six-month follow-up studies demonstrated sustained elevations in measles HI antibody titers. Measles-neutralizing antibody showed less tendency to sustain a titer increase with revaccination. The observations suggest that revaccination with live, further attenuated measles vaccine is safe and may augment immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Immunopotentiation and antiviral chemotherapy in a suckling rat model of herpesvirus encephalitis.

Encephalitis was induced in 10-day-old Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of approximately 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of herpes simplex virus type 2. Treatment regimens included immunopotentiation with levamisole and combined therapy with levamisole and an antiviral agent, adenine arabinoside. Rats treated with levamisole alone had significantly higher rates of survival than placebo-treated controls 14 days after injection of virus. Combination therapy with levamisole and adenine arabinoside prolonged survival, but there was no significant difference between treated animals and controls given placebo. Because adenine arabinoside inhibits the beneficial effect of levamisole in this model, antiviral chemotherapy in conjunction with immunopotentiation should be used with caution in humans. Further studies will be necessary to determine the value of immunopotentiation therapy in the treatment of life-threatening viral infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulin levels in psychiatric patients.

In a study of 19 schizophrenic patients, 7 nonschizophrenic patients, and 31 controls, the authors found significantly higher mean serum levels of 1) immunoglobulin A in schizophrenic women then in control women and in schizophrenic blacks than in either schizophrenic whites or black controls. 2) immunoglobulin D in schizophrenic blacks than in schizophrenic whites, 3) immunoglobulin M in controls than in nonschizophrenic patients, and 4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in schizophrenics whose urine was positive for phenothiazines than in schizophrenics whose urine was negative for phenothiazines. High serum levels of IgG were associated with no or mild hallucinations and low levels with moderate or severe hallucinations. Black female patients had significantly more severe hallucinaions than white female patients. The authors discuss the possible implications of these findings.

Black People↗