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Biomedical subjects

G Voigt

Publications and source records attributed to G Voigt.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Determination of the transfer of cesium and iodine from feed into domestic animals.

The transfer of 131I and 137Cs, released after the Chernobyl accident, into domestic animals was studied experimentally in order to determine transfer coefficients from feed into animal products under realistic conditions. The 137Cs transfer coefficients for meat were calculated to be: 0.01 d/kg beef (cow), 0.038 d/kg beef (heifer), 0.038 d/kg beef (bull), 0.35 d/kg veal, 0.4 d/kg pork, 0.33 d/kg sheep, 0.28 d/kg fallow deer and 1.3 d/kg chicken. The transfer coefficients for cow's milk were calculated to be 0.007 d/1 (131I) and 0.003 d/1 (137Cs), and for sheep's milk 0.06 d/1 (137Cs). In egg-white and yolk transfer coefficients for 137Cs of 0.2 and 0.1 d/kg, respectively, could be determined. Biological half-lives and the influence of feed additives on the activity concentrations in meat and animal products are described.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Measurements of Cs absorption and retention in man.

One of the consequences of the Chernobyl reactor accident in 1986 was a comparatively high contamination of foodstuffs in Southern Federal Republic of Germany. In order to test radioecological models predicting the radiological consequences of such accidents, several thousand measurements were performed to determine Cs body burdens in members of the public. For the interpretation of these data and as a contribution to the improvement of the available database on the biokinetics of Cs isotopes in humans, we followed a small group of volunteers after their consumption of highly contaminated venison. Intakes, excretion rates and total body activities were measured during a period of more than 200 d. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of a compartment model to derive gastrointestinal uptakes, biological half-lives and dose conversion factors. The resulting uptake factors range from 65-90%, the half-lives of the long-term retention from 45 to 200 d. The majority of the resulting dose conversion factors lie below the values recommended by the ICRP, showing that the ICRP model is a reasonable and safe description of the Cs biokinetics in our study group, while the great variability of the results shows that it is not an accurate representation of the individual Cs retention.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Experimental determination of transfer coefficients of 137Cs and 131I from fodder into milk of cows and sheep after the Chernobyl accident.

Following the Chernobyl accident in April 1986, the transfer of 131I and 137Cs from feed to milk was studied under experimental and common agricultural conditions. From measurements in different dairy farms in Southern Bavaria, equilibrium transfer coefficients for cow's milk were calculated to be 0.003 d L-1 (range 0.0015 to 0.005) for 131I and 0.003 d L-1 (range 0.0025 to 0.004) for 137Cs. In feeding experiments with cows and sheep under more controlled conditions, milk transfer coefficients of 0.007 d L-1 (range 0.0055 to 0.0081) for 131I and 0.003 d L-1 (range 0.0023 to 0.0053) for 137Cs were obtained for cows, while for sheep the 137Cs transfer coefficient was higher: 0.06 d L-1. The kinetics of the Cs transfer from fodder to cow's milk can be described by two exponential terms assuming biological half-lives in milk of 1-2 d and 10-20 d. The use of a fast component with 1.5 d and a fraction of 0.8, and a slow component with 15 d, gives a good approximation to the kinetics for all cows in this experiment.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

Measurements of transfer coefficients for 137Cs, 60Co, 54Mn, 22Na, 131I and 95mTc from feed into milk and beef.

The transfer in cattle of the radionuclides 137Cs, 60Co, 54Mn, 22Na, 131I and 95mTc was studied experimentally to determine transfer coefficients from feed to milk and meat. Special interest was kept on normal feeding and maintenance conditions used in Germany. The radionuclides were incorporated into fodder plants through root uptake and thus available in a chemical form resulting from the contamination of agricultural soil. This permitted realistic simulation of the soil-plant-animal food chain. The equilibrium transfer coefficients for milk were calculated to be 22Na: 0.016 +/- 0.002 d/l, 60Co: less than or equal to 0.0002 d/l, 54Mn: less than or equal to 0.0005 d/l, and 137Cs: 0.0022 +/- 0.0002 d/l. The equilibrium transfer coefficients for meat were calculated to be 22Na: 0.01 +/- 0.002 d/kg, 60Co: less than or equal to 0.00013 d/kg, 54Mn: less than or equal to 0.0005 d/kg, and 137Cs: 0.0062 +/- 0.0006 d/kg. A single dose of 131I was orally administered three times in the chemical form of iodide. Models were applied to obtain parameters for a quantitative description of the iodine metabolism. The equilibrium transfer factor for 131I in this chemical form to milk was calculated to be 0.009 +/- 0.0014 d/l. For 95mTc only an upper limit of the transfer factor of 1.7.10(-4) d/l could be estimated because of the small amount of radioactivity available.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

[Triperiden (Norakin): biotransformation in vivo and in vitro].

After oral application of triperiden (1; Norakin) to male Wistar rats besides the unchanged isomers of 1 (1a and 1b, respectively [3]) six hydroxy metabolites and an artifact were isolated from urine and also identified in faeces. All metabolites are hydroxy derivatives of the piperidine and the tricyclic moieties of the molecule 1a. No hydroxylation of the phenyl ring was observed. 10-20% of the metabolites were sulfate and/or glucuronide conjugates. Main metabolites were 2 and 3 (greater than 50% of the total excretion products). About 70% of 1a, 1b and metabolites were excreted with the urine. The in vivo metabolites also could be identified in the 9000 g supernatant of rat and human liver homogenates.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Separation of serum carotenoids and vitamin A on chromsil-amino and -cyano phases by a bi-directional gradient elution technique.

Vitamin A, beta-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin can be simultaneously separated in human serum extracts by normal-phase liquid chromatography. Two stationary phases (containing amino and cyano groups, respectively) were investigated. With a bi-directional (up-down) gradient-elution technique both packings are useful for the determination of serum levels of carotenoids and retinol in serum extracts. The small sample size, the simplicity of extraction, and a good reproducibility render these procedures ideal for clinical use.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1983

[Blood level kinetics of sodium noramidopyrine methanesulfonate (Analgin) in late pregnancy].

The pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated after a single application of 1,0 g of Analgin to women in labour in comparison with a nonpregnant control group. During the late stage of pregnancy the distribution volume is only slightly increasing. For Analgin a fundamental influence on the level of serum concentration could not be shown. The biological half-life of Analgin shows remarkable individual differences and does not differ significantly between the two investigated groups. Therefore, during pregnancy a change of the applied dose is not indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Multiphasic screening in a large industrial city. 2].

By the programme for detection of patients suffering from hypertension as appendage to the electronic data processing project "early detection of carcinoma of cervix uteri" in 54,020 examinations 10,469 women with hypertension were discovered and sent to competent specialists for continued observation and treatment. The portion of unknown hypertensions was 58.3%. In the examined female population of Karl-Marx-Stadt aged 20 to 65 years the prevalence of hypertension was 19.4% and corresponded to the results of national and international studies. - 16,714 women in the mainly fertile age were on hormonal contraceptives. The blood pressure of these women and of a comparable group without hormonal treatment was examined, the results were discussed. The histories did not allow to make conclusions for a certain disposition caused by the diagnosed hypertension. Moreover, our dates could not answer, if and which ranges the blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) increased in particular case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Experiences and results in hypertension screening in women between 20 and 65 years of age in Karl-Marx-City].

From 1975 to 1979 in the district of the City of Karl-Marx-Stadt 91,130 females at the age between 20 and 65 years were summoned to a gynaecologico-cardiological mass examination which was supported by computer. 56,460 females underwent the examination. According to the WHO-criteria two measurements of blood pressure were carried out, when increased blood pressure was present a third one and a fourth one by an examination group. A diagnostic standard programme was used. In the second measurement of blood pressure we established 19.8% of patients with hypertension and 28.6% patients with borderline values. 52.8% of the hypertensions were known. Of 10,685 females with known or established hypertension 10.1% underwent an optimum therapy. On the basis of these results a programme for the fight against hypertension was developed for the county Karl-Marx-Stadt.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Experimental head injury in the rat. Part 1: Mechanics, pathophysiology, and morphology in an impact acceleration trauma model.

Impact acceleration was used to elicit cerebral concussion in the albino rat. The pathophysiological response and morphological damage from the concussion were studied in groups of animals. The animals were grouped according to impact velocity (6-11 m/sec), and the threshold and different degrees of the concussive response were established. The concept of concussion as primarily a neuronal, functional disturbance was confirmed. However, this reaction was readily influenced by respiratory and circulatory changes, and morphological damage. Defined reactions could be elicited in groups of animals according to impact velocity. Thus, the model appeared well standardized for further studies of concussion pathophysiology, expressed in terms of cerebral energy metabolism and blood flow.

Acceleration↗