Many variables have retrospectively been associated with the presence of anterior knee pain. Very few prospective data exist, however, to determine which of these variables will lead to the development of anterior knee pain. It was our purpose in this study to determine the intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population over a 2-year period. Before the start of training, 282 male and female students enrolled in physical education classes were evaluated for anthropometric variables, motor performance, general joint laxity, lower leg alignment characteristics, muscle length and strength, static and dynamic patellofemoral characteristics, and psychological parameters. During this 2-year follow-up study, 24 of the 282 students developed patellofemoral pain. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference between those subjects who developed patellofemoral pain and those who did not concerning quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle flexibility, explosive strength, thumb-forearm mobility, reflex response time of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles, and the psychological parameter of seeking social support. However, only a shortened quadriceps muscle, an altered vastus medialis obliquus muscle reflex response time, a decreased explosive strength, and a hypermobile patella had a significant correlation with the incidence of patellofemoral pain. We concluded that the latter four parameters play a dominant role in the genesis of anterior knee pain and we therefore deem them to be risk factors for this syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellofemoral pain. A prospective, randomized study.

The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises in the nonoperative management of patellofemoral pain. Sixty patients were randomized into a 5-week program that consisted of only closed kinetic chain exercises or only open kinetic chain exercises. Muscle characteristics, subjective symptoms, and functional performance were evaluated in this study at the time of the initial physical examination, at the end of the treatment period, and 3 months later. Both groups experienced a statistically significant decrease in pain and an increase in functional performance. This study shows that both open and closed kinetic chain exercise programs lead to an improved subjective and clinical outcome in patients with anterior knee pain. The few significantly better functional results for some of the tested parameters in the closed kinetic chain group suggest that this type of treatment is a little more effective than the open kinetic chain program in the treatment of these patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Study on the effect of etofenamate 10% cream in comparison with an oral NSAID in strains and sprains due to sports injuries.

In this 60 patient study of sports traumatology due to football injuries, etofenamate gel proved equally effective as oral naproxen on the overall pain scores (65% none to mild pain for etofenamate versus 86% for naproxen; p greater than 0.05). The global clinical impression results have been rated as good or excellent in 44% in the naproxen group versus 50% in the etofenamate group. The incidence of side effects in the etofenamate group (3%) was lower than in the naproxen group (20%). This study demonstrates that etofenamate gel has equal efficacy as oral NSAIDS but a better side effect profile in sport injuries in football players.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome: a case report].

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory problems and rehabilitation in medullary lesions].

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Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cavernous hemangioma in the right long flexor muscle of the toe. A case report].

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Electric current distribution in tissues upon electrotherapy.

The authors have used computer simulations to study electric current distribution in tissues upon electrotherapy. The results are shown on a computer plot and apply to various types of current. Simulations on a simplified circular structure (as a model of a limb cross section) give a better understanding of the problem and clearly demonstrate the influence of electrode position and geometry. Simulations have established the possibility of directing the current density at particular internal areas. The greatest current density occurs close to the surface of the bone in an area midway between the electrodes, and larger electrodes may make treatment more effective. These conclusions are verified in the more realistic structure of a thigh cross section and extrapolation to a length section is made. Finally, the influence of metallic implants is considered. The conclusions of this work are of great practical interest to electrotherapy, particularly electrode techniques.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied