Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Valette.
Sodium dichloroacetate prevents and fights against the severe hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis induced by phenformin, intense muscular work, hypoxia and by adrenalin perfusion. The beneficent effects of sodium dichloroacetate and insulin are additive.
In the normal anesthetized dog a continuous perfusion of sodium dichloroacetate (30 mg/kg.h) prevents the increase in blood lactates and pyruvates as well as the lowering of the arterial pH induced by the intraduodenal administration of phenformin (30 mg/kg). Furthermore a perfusion of sodium dichloroacetate (7.5 mg/kg.mn) during 20 minutes, three hours after the administration of phenformin, tends to improve the utilization of blood lactates and pyruvates.
On the isolated perfused rat pancreas phenformin at high concentrations (10 mg/1, 50 mg/1 and 100 mg/1) provokes an increase of the insulin and lactate output in the effluent liquid. In no case is glucagon secretion modified by this substance. There exists a statistically significant correlations between the increase in insulin output and the increase in lactate output induced by phenformin.
ATP stimulates glucagon and insulin secretions from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. This effect is modulated by glucose. Glucagon secretion is stimulated by ATP only in the absence or in the presence of a low glucose concentration (0.5 g/1). As to insulin secretion, it is strongly stimulated only in the presence of a glucose concentration of 1.5 g/1.
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On rat duodenum, previously decalcified, cocaine enhances notably the increase of the tonus brought about by an addition of Ca ions. Similarly, cocaine enhances the fall of tonus which follows the decalcification of an organ immersed initially in normal Tyrode. This effect of cocaine on Ca2+ exchanges may be put forward as an explanation of the well known sensitizing effect of this alcaloid towards several agonists especially noradrenaline and other sympathomimetic amines.
The chronic oral administration of phenformin (20 mg/kg daily during 8 days) to the normal concious dog provokes a decrease in the fasting thiamine levels of plasma and erythrocytes. During intragastric loading tests with thiamine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg), carried out during the chronic treatment with the biguanide, the curve of plasma hyperthiaminemia is increased. The authors suggest an explanation for these apparently contradictory results.
In the normal anesthetized dog, a cocarboxylase perfusion considerably reduced the increase in blood lactate and pyruvate levels provoked by the intraduodenal injection of phenformin (30 mg/kg); furthermore it seems to counteract the increase of the lactates/pyruvates ratio and opposes the fall in blood pH.
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