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Biomedical subjects

G V Padilla

Publications and source records attributed to G V Padilla.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

An English and Spanish quality of life measure for rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rheumatoid arthritis-specific health-related quality of life instrument, translate the English instrument into Spanish, and test the scaling assumptions, reliability, validity, and feasibility of both the English and Spanish versions. METHODS: The development of the Quality of Life-Rheumatoid Arthritis Scale (QOL-RA Scale) involved literature review, consultations with experts, 40 face-to-face interviews, and 5 focus group discussions with multiethnic and multilingual women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Translation design facilitated conceptual and linguistic equivalence. Data for the psychometrics came from telephone interviews of a sample of 107 Caucasian/English and 80 Hispanic/Spanish women with RA. The instruments were (a) the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2), (b) the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS), (c) the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and (d) the QOL-RA Scale. Descriptive statistics, significance tests, Cronbach's alpha technique, correlation, and factor analysis were used. RESULTS: The QOL-RA Scale, an 8-item scale, took 2 to 3 minutes to administer. Psychometric analysis revealed that the psychometric attributes and constructs of both English and Spanish questionnaires are comparable (i.e., equivalent). Both versions demonstrated the following: (a) normal distribution of the QOL-RA Scale, roughly symmetrical distributions of the items, equivalent means and standard deviations across items, and less than 10% floor and ceiling effects, (b) Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.87-0.90, (c) significant correlations of the QOL-RA Scale with the AIMS2 subscales, LSNS, and CES-D, ranging from 0.25 to 0.66 (P < or = 0.01), and (d) extraction of 2 factors, namely physio-psychological and socio-psychological, that explained 65% to 73% of the variance in the scale scores. CONCLUSION: The QOL-RA Scale, in both English and Spanish versions, appears to meet the assumptions of a summated rating scale and the criteria of relevance, reliability, validity, feasibility, and adaptability to several languages.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The meaning of health-related quality of life in a Korean sample.

This study describes the impact of diabetes and the meaning of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for 22 male and female patients in Korea. Open-ended interviews yielded six HRQOL themes: health, overall well-being, harmonious relationships and family responsibilities, a rewarding life, spiritual life, and material support. The physical impact of diabetes included decreased energy, limitations, and physical suffering; while its psychological/spiritual impact extended to general stress, helplessness, fear, depression, anger, and relationship with God. Like Americans, Koreans valued health, psychological well-being and interpersonal support. In addition, the Koreans valued smooth, harmonious interpersonal relationships, overall well-being pertaining to living a comfortable and honorable life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Quality of life for patients with diabetes in Korea--I: the meaning of health-related quality of life.

This study describes the impact of diabetes and the meaning of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for 22 male and female patients in Korea. Open-ended interviews yielded six HRQOL themes: health, overall well-being, harmonious relationships and family responsibilities, a rewarding life, spiritual life, and material support. The physical impact of diabetes included decreased energy, limitations, and physical suffering; while its psychological/spiritual impact extended to general stress, helplessness, fear, depression, anger, and relationship with God. Like Americans, Koreans valued health, psychological well-being and interpersonal support. In addition, the Koreans valued smooth, harmonious interpersonal relationships, overall well-being pertaining to living a comfortable and honorable life.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Adapting a measure of acculturation for cross-cultural research.

Although Filipino Americans are projected to become the largest Asian American ethnic group in this millennium, no acculturation measure existed for this group. This article describes a systematic and replicable process used in adapting and modifying A Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (ASASH) for use with Filipino Americans. It depicts the multiple and iterative steps of translation and backtranslation to produce A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ASASFA) in English and in Tagalog--the Philippine national language. Also, it describes the methods undertaken for the measures to achieve linguistic and cross-cultural validity through content, technical, experiential, semantic, and conceptual equivalence. With the dearth of linguistically and culturally valid measures for immigrant populations, the adaptation of valid measures developed for other cultures remains a viable option.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Gender differences in the dimensions of quality of life.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore gender differences and similarities in the dimensions of quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the Multidimensional Quality of Life Scale--Cancer Version (MQOLS--CA) data from two different research studies. SETTINGS: Multiple outpatient oncology sites. SAMPLE: The typical female participant (n = 254) was 58 years old (SD +/- 11.3) with 14 years of education, married/partnered (64%), Caucasian (88%), and diagnosed with breast (47%) or colorectal (16%) cancer. The typical male participant (n = 222) was 60 years old (SD +/- 14) with 14.3 years of education, married/partnered (69%), Caucasian (85%), and diagnosed with colorectal (31%) or prostate (13%) cancer. METHODS: Factor analytic procedures and reliability testing. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: QOL as measured by the MQOLS-CA, gender. FINDINGS: For women, two factors emerged from the analysis procedures-psychosocial well-being (7 items) and physical competence (6 items). For the men, two different factors emerged--vitality (8 items) and personal resources (4 items). None of the cancer-specific items from the MQOLS-CA loaded on any of the factors for either gender. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of QOL requires gender-specific questions to accurately address the dimensions of the concept of QOL in females and males. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Additional research is warranted to replicate these findings. Gender-specific interventions could then be developed and tested to maximize the QOL of all patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Physical and psychosocial outcomes in cancer patients: a comparison of different age groups.

In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between age, physical health, social and economic resources, functional status, activities of daily living (ADL) and disease-related variables of 227 patients with cancer. Using multidimensional outcome measures we examined age differences in three age groups (< 45, 46-65, > 65 years) and identified predictors of performing ADL. The results indicated that older patients have outcomes similar to those of younger patients. There were no significant differences in quality of life, performance status and physical health among the three age groups. The only areas where age-related differences were found were co-morbidity and cancer-related impairments. Patients aged 45-65 years and patients 65 years and older reported a higher level of co-morbidity and more cancer-related impairments than those aged 45 and younger. Although older patients had higher co-morbidity, they showed similar Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores to those of their younger counterparts. The regression analysis revealed social resources, self-reported health, performance status and complexity of care as significant predictors of patients' ADL, but not age, co-morbidity or severity of treatment. The findings support the conclusion that differences in performing ADL between younger and older patients with cancer are minimal and tend to be due to co-morbidity. Thus, treatment should be decided by a patient's physical health rather than by age.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Self-care responses to illness of patients with various cancer diagnoses.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-care responses and variables concerning health status, disease and treatment, socioeconomic resources, demographic characteristics, and health beliefs in a heterogeneous sample of 227 cancer patients referred to home care. Data were collected prior to discharge from the hospital using the OARS Functional Assessment Questionnaire, the Karnofsky Performance Status, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Preference for Participation in Care Tool. The results indicated that the variables related to health status, disease and treatment were highly correlated with self-care behavior (SCB), and to a lower extent to self-care preference (SCP). Karnofsky performance status, cancer-related impairments, perceived physical health, and stage of disease were identified as significant predictors of SCB explaining 57% of the variance. Age, gender, education, live-in resources, and perceived mental health were dominant predictors of SCP explaining only 17% of the variance. Further research endeavors should investigate other models that might prove to be better predictors of SCP.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Health quality of life and colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life associated with cancer and radiation treatment includes the dimensions of psychologic and physical well-being, nutrition concerns/side effects, and radiation treatment-related anxiety/adjustment. An understanding of the impact of colorectal cancer and radiation treatment on these aspects of health quality of life can be reached by comparing this diagnostic group to others undergoing similar treatment. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with colorectal cancers, 41 with uterocervical cancers, 43 with genitourinary tumors, 13 with leukemia or bone metastasis, and 129 with head and neck cancers undergoing radiation therapy provided complete health quality of life index (QLI-RT) data during weeks 1 and 3 of treatment and at the first follow-up visit after treatment completion. The QLI-RT was found to be reliable and valid. RESULTS: Those with colorectal cancer had similar QLI-RT summary scores as the other groups at the beginning of treatment and during the follow-up period. QLI-RT scores tended to range from 62 to 84 for the summary score and individual-item scores; this was a narrow span considering the QLI-RT uses a 0-100-mm linear analog-response scale. The exceptions were strength, which elicited scores in the 46-68 range and a couple of responses to worrying about radiation therapy. The largest change in QLI-RT score in relation to the treatment trajectory was 11 mm. CONCLUSIONS: These findings tend to support the notion that patients with cancer try to maintain health quality of life at an acceptable level despite the occurrence of stressful negative events. Future research should explore the stable versus dynamic attributes of health quality of life to learn more about the factors that contribute to the adaptive process that maintains such quality of life at an acceptable level.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Nursing research into quality of life.

This report describes the scope of nursing research in the area of quality of life. The strategy used to identify research reports relied heavily on nursing publications included in the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1983 (when the database first included the subject, quality of life) to December, 1991. During this period, over 1,000 references concerning quality of life can be identified through a key-word search of the data set. Nursing investigators defined quality of life in terms of psychological, physical, social/interpersonal, and financial/material well-being. Nursing instruments have been developed to measure one or more of these dimensions of the concept. Nursing journals like Advances in Nursing Science (1985), Seminars in Oncology Nursing (1990), and Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing (1992) dedicated whole issues to the topic. Major nursing associations have supported conferences/talks (American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Santa Fe, NM, 1991; Oncology Nursing Society, Fall Institute, Annual Quality of Life Lectureship) and provided awards on the subject (Oncology Nursing Society Annual Quality of Life Research Award). The National Center for Nursing Research is launching an intramural programme to address quality of life questions.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

Uncertainty, appraisal and quality of life.

This study evaluates the influence of different factors in the adaptation process activated by uncertainty in illness on health-related quality of life. The sample included 100 women (mean age = 52.1 years) receiving treatment for newly diagnosed (M = 5.1 months) gynaecological cancer (38 cervical, 26 ovarian, 24 endometrial, 7 uterine, 4 vulvar, and 1 vaginal). Stepwise regression analyses identified mood states, ambiguity about illness-wellness state, danger-focused appraisal and mastery as key predictors of four health-related quality of life scores. The variance accounted for by those variables is reflected in cumulative multiple R2 of 0.56 for total quality of life score, 0.57 for psychosocial well-being, 0.235 for physical well-being and 0.25 for disease/symptom distress. These variances do not reflect the contribution of age, time since diagnosis, metastasis and stage of cancer which were forced to enter the regression equation first. The latter set of variables accounted for a smaller portion of the variance in health-related quality of life (R2 = 0.03-0.195). Coping strategy did not predict health-related quality of life. These findings provide beginning support for conceptualizing health-related quality of life as the outcome of an adaptation process explained by the uncertainty in illness theory. However, uncertainty in illness theory may not be sufficient to predict quality of life outcomes. Future research should consider the addition of discrepancy theory to guide the selection or development of a health-related quality of life measure, to account for the perceived discrepancy between actual experience and expected well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Home care: maintaining quality of life for patient and family.

Cancer affects the family as well as the patient. The home is a primary site of care, which often must be intensive and complex. Attention to home care of the cancer patient is therefore a major concern in maintaining quality of life for both patient and family. The authors explore the major burdens of home care that affect both patient and family and describe four specific interventions that the health care team can initiate to optimize quality of life in these difficult situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Theories used in patient/health education.

Patient and health education programs may need to use a multitheory approach to promote health behaviors such as cancer prevention and early detection practices and decrease negative responses such as anxiety, distress, pain, and use of damaging alternative treatments. Multiple intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and community approaches are required. For example, a strategy for breast cancer education should be characterized by an understanding of the target population's attitudes and beliefs about breast cancer, communication of information, education regarding specific facts about breast health and breast cancer, social influence strategies to promote acceptance of the target behaviors, and organizational and community-based interventions to reach the widest audience. Nurses should design education programs that carefully integrate theories to obtain predicted result for the largest number of people for whom the results are desirable. Intervention strategies designed to alter the identified influential factors will have the most successful impact and optimal chance of attaining program goals.

Health Education↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of quality of life with a single instrument.

A number of single measures of quality of life have been developed over the last few years. Some of these instruments have been used more frequently than others. Psychometric properties are reported in many of these instruments, and continued psychometric development is needed. Instruments differ in the content tested, and users are encouraged to have specific objectives in mind when selecting an instrument. The continued research interest and activity in the field of single measures has provided beginning tools for both research and clinical evaluations. Quality of life measures add to the depth of evaluation of the impact on cancer and cancer treatment, and provide a measurement dimension that augments that of the historic evaluation via morbidity and mortality statistics. Continued work on single measures for quality of life will provide both researchers and clinicians with valuable tools.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Defining the content domain of quality of life for cancer patients with pain.

This study identified attributes that define the content domain of quality of life in a sample of 41 cancer patients with chronic pain. Patients were asked four open-ended questions about the meaning of quality of life, what contributes to a good or poor quality of life, and how pain influences quality of life. Content analysis of responses revealed three categories of attributes that embrace the quality-of-life content domain. The first category is physical well-being. It includes general functioning and disease/treatment-specific attributes. The second is psychological well-being. It includes affective-cognitive attributes, coping ability, meaning of pain and cancer, and accomplishment attributes of quality of life. The third is interpersonal well-being. It incorporates social support and social/role functioning attributes. Replications of the current study in other groups of patients may yield data to support a two-part, multidimensional quality-of-life instrument. A norm-referenced measure can be used to evaluate quality of life in terms of attributes that are salient regardless of the disease or treatment. A domain-referenced measure may be used to evaluate attributes whose salience is dependent on specific disease, treatment, or life events.

Adaptation, Psychological↗