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Biomedical subjects

G V Mel'nik

Publications and source records attributed to G V Mel'nik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Clinical and pathogenic evaluation of acid-base, gas and electrolyte homeostasis in patient with leptospirosis and acute renal insufficiency].

With the purpose of further perfecting the pathogenetic therapy, indices for the acid-base status were studied together with those for the electrolyte exchange in the time-related course of the disease in patients with grave leptospiral jaundice presenting with acute renal failure (ARF). Patients with leptospirosis running a grave course and ARF display changes in the acid-base status and gas composition of the blood. Patients presenting with oligoanuric ARF and fatal outcome develop uncompensated metabolic acidosis (11.8%), in case of favourable outcome--metabolic acidosis with compensation by respiratory alkalosis (29.4%). The polyuric ARF stage is characterized by a mixed metabolic and respiratory alkalosis (58.8%). Results of studies made warrant use of indices for the acid-base, gas, and electrolyte balance to assess severity and prognosis of leptospirosis, to determine the stage of ARF, and to develop rational pathogenetic therapies.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative clinical and immunological parameters in convalescence of patients with icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis].

AIM: To investigate clinico-immunological parallels of convalescent period in leptospiral jaundice (LJ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical and immunological indices were studied in 121 LJ convalescents (97.6% males, age 17-45 years). RESULTS: Acute leptospirosis period was characterized with polymorphic clinical picture impeding precise diagnosis and threatening with such complications as bacterial shock, acute renal failure, acute renal-hepatic failure, DIC-syndrome, respiratory distress. Convalescents for a long time exhibited polyorganic pathology, developed sepsis. In late convalescence one could observe affections of the heart, liver, kidneys, bones, nervous system, eyes. This can be explained by disorders in immunity, especially structural immunodeficiency, and commissures at the sites of hemorrhages. CONCLUSION: Polyorganic pathology in leptospirosis convalescents arises because of immunity disorders which are not associated with the disease form. In late convalescence severe complications may accompany leptospiral jaundice.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

[Hepatobiliary alternations in leptospirosis convalescents].

AIM: To study hepatic function in leptospirosis convalescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical laboratory and device examinations were performed in 121 leptospirosis convalescents. RESULTS: The majority of the examinees retained biochemical signs of cholestatic, mesenchymal-inflammatory and moderate cytolytic syndromes secondary to hepatic impairment. Ultrasound and radionuclide investigations detected biliary disorders and secondary chronic hepatitis in many of leptospirosis convalescents. CONCLUSION: It is shown that leptospirosis rehabilitation must be targeted. Reasons of development of chronic hepatic and biliary lesions in population of the north Caucus and Kuban in the absence of viral hepatitis markers are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Renal involvement in convalescents after icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis].

Icterohemorrhagic spirochetosis convalescents develop slowly regressing renal dysfunctions most frequent of which are chronic renal failure, pyelonephritis and tubulointersticial nephritis, arterial hypertension. Renal disorders may be due to immunopathological reactions followed by activation of bacterial microflora. Damage from commissures at the sites of prior hemorrhage is also possible. In bovine leptospirosis renal damage is not so severe but it tends to progression. So, renal affection in leptospirosis is a specific pathology observed in any clinical form of the disease and demands surveillance in the regions of local focuses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Cardiovascular function in leptospirosis convalescents].

AIM: To study mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in leprospirosis convalescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cardiovascular system was investigated in 121 leptospirosis convalescents at the age 17-58 years clinically, electrocardiographically and measuring troponin-T in blood serum. RESULTS: 6-12 months after leptospirosis 42.1% of patients who had leptospiral jaundice (88.4%) and bovine leptospirosis (21.6%) myocardial damages were revealed. In spite of disappearance of cardiac pain ECG readings did not return to normal. The myocardial damage has developed in the advanced stage of leptospirosis due to rhandomyolis: high concentration of myoglobin and troponin-T in the blood serum confirms this suggestion. CONCLUSION: Clinical ECG readings as well as the level of troponin-T in the blood serum may be considered as the index of rehabilitation level in leptospirosis convalescents. It should be taken into consideration that 19.8% of the convalescents develop hypertension of renal genesis. This should be accounted for when planning prophylaxis and rehabilitation programs for young patients living in the North Caucasus--natural source of leptospirosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[The importance of myoglobin in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis].

Measurements were made of serum and urine myoglobin in 48 patients with leptospiral jaundice (LJ) and 56 patients with various acute infections. At the height of LJ blood myoglobin level reached 28.96 +/- 4.3 micrograms/l (normal concentration 0.315 +/- 0.002 microgram/l). Compared to acute pneumonia, acute viral hepatitis, tonsillitis, erysipelas, diphtheria, health values, the ratio of serum myoglobin to urine myoglobin in leptospirosis made up 45.25 against 5.4, 4.8, 6.8, 3.7, 1.8 and 1.3, respectively. A relationship was found between concentrations of myoglobin, bilirubin, creatinine in the blood and leptospirosis severity. Elevation of serum myoglobin as a manifestation of specific myositis is pathognomic for leptospirosis and contributes to the onset of acute renal failure and disturbance of bilirubin metabolism. Quantitation of blood myoglobin may be helpful as an additional test for leptospirosis severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of acute viral hepatitis with a prolonged convalescence and protracted course].

The paper presents the data on a comprehensive examination of 410 patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis (AVH) with lingering convalescence and lingering course. Based on the use of clinico-epidemiological, serological, bacteriological, immunological, cytochemical, ultrasonography and x-ray research methods, it has been established that virobacterial associations are essential in the pathogenesis and course of the disease. The author provides evidence for risk factors of the lingering course of AVH and recommends methods of rapid diagnosis, prediction and treatment of lingering convalescence and lingering disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[The role of staphylococcal superinfection in viral hepatitis].

Viral hepatitis A was diagnosed in 69.35 percent of the 124 patients with viral hepatitides aged 15 to 62, 54.1 percent of these females and 45.9 percent males, and viral hepatitis B in 30.65 percent. The disease course varied in severity, was typical in all cases; the icteric form was observed in all the patients. An unfavorable pyoinflammatory premorbid background was present in 1/3 of the examinees. The studies have revealed that a staphylococcal superinfection with the icteric syndrome contributed to the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Antistaphylococcal agglutinins were detected in 65.6 percent of hepatitis A and in 73.7 percent of hepatitis B patients, and alpha antitoxins in 81.1 and 71.0 percent of patients, respectively. The disease severity correlated with high antitoxin titers, high antitoxin titers with a delayed convalescence of viral hepatitis A patients. Changes in the titers of antistaphylococcal agglutinins in hepatitis B patients were not rapid and their time course correlated with the terms of liver function recovery. The author comes to a conclusion that bacterial superinfection contributes to the pathogenesis of viral hepatitides, staphylococcal infection among other ones, that essentially influences the disease course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The elimination of chemotherapy side effects in pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

Neurotoxic side-effects of tuberculosis chemotherapy occurred in 14.9% of patients with tuberculosis treated prophylactically with intramuscular pyridoxine infusions. Use of small doses of nootropil (piracetam) allowed to control the side-effects (headache and vertigo, sleep disorders, irritation, memory disorders) and to continue treatment with isoniazide, one of the most potent tuberculostatic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical picture and treatment of salmonellosis caused by rare Salmonella species].

The clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of salmonellosis due to rare types of salmonellae were studied in 135 patients (males--58.5%, females--41.5%). The disease occurred sporadically with prevalence of the alimentary factor of infection without distinct seasonal characteristics. The gastroenterocolitic variant of the disease prevailed with signs of sigmoiditis, cholangiohepatitis, irritation of the peritoneum and involvement of the respiratory tract in some patients. The pathogens showed a high sensitivity to antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗