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Biomedical subjects

G Tricot

Publications and source records attributed to G Tricot.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Minimizing graft rejection in allogeneic T cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation.

Between October 1991 and May 1994, 42 patients were treated with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and total body irradiation followed by an allogeneic transplantation of marrow depleted of T cells with soybean agglutinin and E-rosetting. Patients included in this study had acute myelogenous leukemia (13), chronic myelogenous leukemia (12), acute lymphocytic leukemia (nine), Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (four), multiple myeloma (three), or myelodysplastic syndrome (one). The mean age was 34 (range 8 to 51 years). Nineteen patients had a matched sibling donor and 18 received marrow from 6/6 matched unrelated donors while five received transplants from unrelated donors disparate at one DR locus (5/6 match). Time to granulocyte engraftment (AGC > or = 500/mm3) occurred at a mean of 16.5 days for related and 11.4 days for unrelated transplant recipients, and was related to the increased use of G-CSF in the unrelated population. There was no correlation with number of mononuclear cells, T cells, or CD34-positive cells infused, the rate of engraftment or the incidence of transplant complications. Multivariate analysis determined that G-CSF administration and a diagnosis other than ALL were the only factors associated with a faster rate of engraftment. Patients receiving unrelated donor transplants, those with ALL, or those who had a low T cell number infused (< or = 8.0 x 10(3) cells/kg) experienced delayed hospital discharge. The regimen resulted in excellent rates of engraftment (95.2%) with only one failure to engraft and one graft rejection. The incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease was 0% with sibling and 26.1% with unrelated donors. There were no cases of veno-occlusive disease. Fifty percent of patients are alive with a mean follow-up of 26.4 months. We conclude that this regimen is well tolerated and results in excellent engraftment with a low incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease and few therapy-related toxicities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Granular cell tumor of the breast with lymph node neuro-naevic cell inclusions: a double pitfall to avoid].

AIMS: To draw attention to the possibility of simultaneous occurrence of pitfalls in breast pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Presentation of a curious case with an association of granular cell tumour of the breast and neuro-naevic inclusions in axillary lymph nodes, first interpreted as metastatic mammary carcinoma. DISCUSSION: Non malignant inclusions in axillary lymph nodes, rare but not unusual, may be erroneously interpreted as metastasis of carcinoma, establishing a wrong diagnosis of malignity in the breast. It is important to recognize this type of lesion and the possibility of their coexistence to correct the diagnosis. An approach to the histogenesis of this lesion is presented.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Safety of autotransplants with high-dose melphalan in renal failure: a pharmacokinetic and toxicity study.

Melphalan (MEL) is probably the most effective chemotherapeutic agent in multiple myeloma (MM) with a clear dose-response effect. It can be escalated without excessive toxicity to 200 mg/m2, a myeloablative dose requiring hematopoietic stem cell support. Patients with marked renal insufficiency, not an infrequent finding in MM, have either received reduced doses or have been excluded from therapy with high-dose MEL. A prospective study was performed to evaluate the relationship between MEL pharmacokinetics and renal function in 20 patients with MM. Six patients had severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance, <40 ml/min), including five on chronic hemodialysis. Three patients with severe renal impairment first received a low test dose of MEL (16 mg/m2) for pharmacokinetic studies. All patients received 200 mg/m2 MEL divided into two equal doses of 100 mg/m2 i.v. on 2 consecutive days, followed by the administration of peripheral blood stem cells. MEL pharmacokinetics, performed after the first dose of 100 mg/m2, was not adversely affected by impaired renal function. The median half-life (t1/2), area under the concentration curve, and clearance of MEL were 1.1 h, 5.5 mg h/liter, and 27.5 liter/h, respectively, in patients with a creatinine clearance of <40 ml/min compared to 1.9, 7.9, and 23.6 for the others. Renal insufficiency also had no apparent negative impact on the quality of peripheral blood stem cell collections and did not adversely affect posttransplant engraftment, transfusion requirements, incidence of severe mucositis, or overall survival. However, it was associated with longer durations of fever (P = 0. 0005) and hospitalization (P = 0.004). No transplant-related deaths were observed. Plasma t1/2 and area under the concentration curve differed by a factor of 10 and MEL clearance by a factor of 5 between patients with the lowest and highest values. These large variations in MEL elimination could not be explained by patient or disease characteristics. We conclude that renal failure does not require dose reduction of MEL in autologous transplant. Due to marked interindividual variation in MEL elimination, pharmacokinetically guided dosing as well as cellular pharmacology studies may be helpful in achieving a more uniform antitumor effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Poor prognosis in multiple myeloma is associated only with partial or complete deletions of chromosome 13 or abnormalities involving 11q and not with other karyotype abnormalities.

Chromosomal abnormalities have major biologic and prognostic implications in leukemias. Cytogenetic information in typically hypoproliferative multiple myeloma (MM) is limited because of difficulties in obtaining analyzable metaphases. In this study, karyotypes and other known prognostic factors were analyzed in 155 newly diagnosed MM patients, entered on an intensive treatment program with two autotransplants. Complete remission (CR), event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Abnormal cytogenetics were found in 39% of patients and were associated with a significantly lower CR rate (27% v 48%; P = .008). EFS and OS were inferior in patients with either partial or complete deletion of chromosome 13 or 11q abnormalities ("unfavorable" karyotype) when compared with the remaining patients (P < .001) who, as a group, had a similar prognosis irrespective of cytogenetic findings, ie, inevaluable, normal, or abnormal but without an "unfavorable" karyotype. The patients with abnormalities of both chromosomes 11 and 13 had a dismal prognosis with median EFS and OS of only 11 and 12 months, respectively. Significant associations were noted between an "unfavorable" karyotype and IgA isotype, elevated levels of beta-2 microglobulin (B2M, > or = 3 mg/L) and age > 60 years. On multivariate regression analysis, the absence of an "unfavorable" karyotype was the most significant variable associated with prolonged EFS and OS (P = .0001 and .0002, respectively). Other independent favorable variables were age less than 60 years, C-reactive protein (CRP) < or = 0.4 mg/dL and bone marrow plasmacytosis < or = 50% before treatment. On a multivariate analysis without cytogenetics, these same three standard parameters were identified as the only favorable variables. Patients not having all three standard favorable variables had a significantly lower CR rate (P = .03), EFS (P = .0001), and OS (P = .002) if an unfavorable karyotype was detected. We conclude that, in this program of uniformly treated MM patients, a poor prognosis was associated predominantly with abnormalities of chromosomes 11 and 13.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1995

Purified CD34+ Lin- Thy+ stem cells do not contain clonal myeloma cells.

High-dose therapy with autologous marrow or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) rescue has been extensively applied in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients during the past 10 years resulting in improved event-free and overall survival when compared with standard chemotherapy. However, relapses are common and cure is unlikely in the majority of patients. Because both bone marrow and PBSCs are contaminated with myeloma cells it is conceivable that relapse after autotransplantation originates at least in part from autografted tumor cells. In this study, mobilized PBSCs were examined for the presence of myeloma cells based on immunophenotyping and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. In addition, CD34+ Lin- Thy+ stem cells were purified from mobilized PBSC harvests of 10 MM patients by sequentially using counterflow elutriation centrifugation, treatment with phenylalanine methylester, and flow sorting, using 5-parameter gating (propidium iodide, forward scatter, side scatter, CD34+ v Lin- and CD34+ v Thy+). Virtually all mobilized unsorted PBSC preparations contained myeloma cells in sufficient quantities (range, < 0.01 to > 10%) potentially causing a disease relapse. Stem cell purification led to an overall enrichment by about 50-fold in all 10 patients; approximately 90% of the final cell population expressed CD34+ Lin- Thy+ with no evidence of myeloma cell contamination based on flow cytometric analysis of CD38bright cells (< 0.1%). Quantitative PCR amplification of patient-specific complementarity determining region III (CDRIII) DNA sequences showed depletion of clonal B cells by 2.7 to 7.3 logs, with the highest log reduction noted in the samples initially containing the most tumor cells. Our results show that purification of CD34+ Lin- Thy+ cells depletes myeloma cells to undetectable levels from up to 10% present in unsorted PBSCs, thus offering a tool to investigate whether MM relapse after autotransplantation can be reduced markedly.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1995

Enrichment of human hematopoietic stem cell activity in the CD34+Thy-1+Lin- subpopulation from mobilized peripheral blood.

The number of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients is known to be increased following the administration of high dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic growth factors. These so-called peripheral blood stem cell grafts are now frequently used for autologous transplantation of patients with malignancies. In this report, we address the question of whether true long-term repopulating pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC) are mobilized into peripheral blood following chemotherapy plus granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization. We have examined the presence of stem cells in mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) by using an antibody to the human Thy-1 molecule to stain the CD34+Lineage- (Lin-) population. The kinetics of mobilization of CD34+Thy-1+ Lin- cells into peripheral blood were studied, and the percentage of cells with this phenotype was found to vary widely depending on the day of leukapheresis. A CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cell population, potentially containing PHSCs, was isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and analyzed for activity. The multilineage differentiative capacity of this candidate stem cell-containing population in MPB was determined using an in vitro long-term culture system, in which cobblestone area formation was used as a means of detecting PHSCs. We also measured repopulating capacity by using two in vivo models in which severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-hu mice were implanted with human fetal bone or thymus grafts. Using these assays, we show that the highest frequency of cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFC) after 7 weeks of culture was observed in a subpopulation of CD34+Lin- cells, which expressed low levels of Thy-1. This cell population was capable of producing both B and myeloid cells, and maintaining CD34+Lin- cells in these long term cultures. Moreover, the CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cell subset possessed a higher ability to engraft and to demonstrate multilineage differentiative potential at 8 weeks in the SCID-hu bone assay. However, in the SCID-hu thymus model, both Thy-1+ and Thy-1- subpopulations were capable of donor T-cell engraftment at 6 weeks, suggesting the presence of cells capable of initiating T lymphopoiesis in both populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Peripheral blood stem cell transplants for multiple myeloma: identification of favorable variables for rapid engraftment in 225 patients.

Transfusion of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) of good quality ensures fast hematopoietic engraftment after myeloablative therapy with a decrease in procedure-related morbidity and mortality. We have analyzed variables influencing the kinetics of engraftment, and therefore reflecting the quality of PBSC collections, in 225 patients with newly diagnosed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) who received an autotransplant in support of high dose melphalan (200 mg/m2); 132 of these patients also completed a second transplant. All PBSCs were collected before the first transplant after high-dose cyclophosphamide (6 g/m2) and hematopoietic growth factors, mainly granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. PBSCs were administered either alone (91 patients) or with bone marrow (134 patients). A highly significant correlation was observed between the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram infused and prompt recovery of both granulocytes (P = .0001) and platelets (P = .0001). After correction for the proportion of patients with > or = 2 x 10(6)/kg CD34 PBSCs infused and with < or = 12 months of prior therapy, no difference in engraftment kinetics was seen between patients receiving PBSCs only and those also receiving bone marrow. Exposure to chemotherapy, even to < or = 6 months of alkylating agents, significantly delayed hematopoietic recovery posttransplantation. The threshold dose of CD34 cells necessary for prompt engraftment was > or = 2.0 x 10(6)/kg for patients with < or = 24 months of chemotherapy before the first transplant, whereas greater than 5 x 10(6)/kg CD34 cells were required to assure rapid recovery also in those with longer exposure. Such quantities, easily collected in the large majority of patients with shorter exposure (91%), were obtained in only 28% of patients with more than 24 months of prior chemotherapy. Rapid platelet recovery within a narrow range of time (before day 14) was almost invariably seen (94%) when greater than 5 x 10(6)/kg CD34 cells were infused, irrespective of the duration of prior therapy, whereas the range widened progressively when less CD34 cells were infused. In the absence of CD34 measurements, fast recovery of platelets to greater than 50 x 10(9)/L within 14 days after high-dose cyclophosphamide and < or = 12 months of prior chemotherapy were the best predictors of early engraftment. Prudent use of stem cell-damaging agents, such as melphalan and nitrosoureas, is recommended in MM patients who might be candidates for autotransplantation. Alternatively, PBSCs should be collected early after diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood CD34+Thy-1+Lin- human hematopoietic stem cells as target cells for transplantation-based gene therapy.

Gene-therapy of blood-borne disorders may be best achieved using hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) which have extensive self renewal potential as well as multilineage repopulating potential as a cellular target. The human HSC, which is CD34+Thy-1+Lin- has been isolated from fetal, adult bone marrow and cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) (1-3). Results presented in this study show that the degree of mobilization of HSC into peripheral blood of cancer patients is highly variable and that the combined use of high dose chemotherapy and GM-CSF as a mobilization strategy is superior to the use of G-CSF with regard to the mobilization of true HSC. A multistep cell isolation procedure has been developed which utilizes high speed flow-cytometric cell sorting and allows the isolation of sufficient numbers of HSC from MPB to permit their use as an hematopoietic graft for clinical transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cells isolated from MPB are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages as shown by their behavior in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Mobilized PB mononuclear cells isolated from cancer patients are frequently contaminated with tumor cells. Using this cell isolation procedure, HSC preparations from patients with multiple myeloma have been created with greatly reduced tumor cell burdens. These CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cells are capable of being stably transduced at high efficiency (32-75%) by co-culture on a cell line producing recombinant retroviruses containing the neomycin-resistant gene. These HSC cell populations are likely ideal targets for hematopoietic cell-based gene therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Relapse of multiple myeloma after autologous transplantation: survival after salvage therapy.

Owing to lack of progress with standard chemotherapy and the presence of a dose response effect for alkylating agents, autotransplantation is performed with increasing frequency for multiple myeloma (MM). However, sustained relapse-free survival is still infrequent. We studied 94 patients who had relapsed following autotransplantation, in order to evaluate the efficacy of further therapy. Post-transplant salvage treatment consisted of either standard dose therapy (53) or transplantation with an intensive preparative regimen (with autograft support in 31 and allogeneic transplantation in 10). Complete remission (CR) rate, event-free and overall survival were assessed and prognostic variables identified in a multivariate regression analysis. With a median follow-up of 11 months, the projected overall survival at 18 months for all patients is 59%. A multivariate analysis identified pre-salvage beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) < or = 2.5 mg/l (P = 0.0002) and late relapse after the preceding transplant ( > 12 months; (P = 0.02) as independent significant favorable variables for overall survival. By combining pre-salvage B2M and the time to relapse, 2 risk groups of patients could be identified with significantly different overall survival: those with at least one favorable variable had a projected survival at 18 months of 79%, compared to 38% for patients with no favorable variable. Transplantation performed as primary salvage therapy was associated with a significantly prolonged survival (P = 0.009), although this may be more a reflection of the way salvage therapy was selected.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1994

High-dose therapy for refractory multiple myeloma: improved prognosis with better supportive care and double transplants.

One hundred and thirty-five patients with advanced and refractory myeloma received one of three high-dose therapy regimens: melphalan at doses of 90 to 100 mg/m2 (MEL 100; 47 patients) without autotransplant; total body irradiation (TBI; 850 cGy) with either melphalan 140 mg/m2 or thiotepa 750 mg/m2 and autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) (< or = 30% plasma cells; 21 patients); melphalan 200 mg/m2 (MEL 200) supported by both peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and ABMT plus GM-CSF intended as a double-transplant program (67 patients; 42 have completed and 3 are still awaiting a second autotransplant; 5 additional patients received an allograft for their second transplant). Mortality within 2 months of therapy was 20% to 25% with MEL 100 and TBI regimens, but less than 1% with MEL 200, mainly because severe neutropenia (< 500/microL) was shortened to less than 1 week due to infusion of PBSC and use of growth factor therapy. Low beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels < or = 2.5 mg/L and MEL 200 therapy were identified as the two most important independent favorable variables associated with prolonged event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). On the basis of these two parameters, three risk groups were defined: 29 good-risk patients with low beta 2M receiving MEL 200 had the best outcome, with median durations of EFS of 37 months and projected OS of > or = 43 months; 54 intermediate-risk patients displaying one of the two favorable parameters had EFS and OS durations of 16 and 36 months, respectively; and 52 poor-risk patients with high beta 2M not receiving MEL 200 had a dismal prognosis, with EFS of 3 months and OS of 5 months (all P < .0001). Further analysis that excluded treatment as a variable identified high beta 2M and resistant relapse as the two major adverse prognostic factors, one of which was present in 80% of the 135 patients. Among these 108 high-risk patients, prognosis was improved markedly with MEL 200 because of both better supportive care (PBSC and hematopoietic growth factors) and more intensive therapy using the double-transplant approach. This study supports the concept that safer and potentially more-effective therapies can be developed in the setting of advanced and resistant disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Toxoplasma pneumonia: cytologic diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage.

Two cases of toxoplasma pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts are reported. The diagnoses were made by the identification of trophozoites in bronchoalveolar lavage material. The organisms were more readily identified in the air-dried Diff-Quik-stained smears. Cytologic findings and correlation with postmortem examination material in one case are described. A high index of suspicion for this pathogen, as well as screening cytologic preparations at medium to high magnification may increase the diagnostic rate for this uncommon but treatable disease.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Hematopoietic stem cell autografts in support of myeloablative therapy for multiple myeloma.

This paper reports the experience of a single investigator team on the use of autografting in support of myeloablative therapy for multiple myeloma. This demonstrates continued progress toward decreased morbidity, and virtual elimination of mortality, as a result of rapid hematopoietic recovery, due to the use of peripheral blood stem cell grafts in newly diagnosed patients receiving several non-cross-resistant induction regimens followed by two autologous transplants, complete remission rates in excess of 50% can be achieved. Prognostic factors have also been identified for event-free and overall survival.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Successful treatment of progressive mucocutaneous infection due to acyclovir- and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus with (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC).

The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC) was used topically for the treatment of persistent mucocutaneous infections in two cases. One patient with AIDS suffered from a perineal lesion due to infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and did not respond to acyclovir and was intolerant of foscarnet. A bone marrow transplant recipient developed orofacial lesions due to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that failed to respond to therapy with both acyclovir and foscarnet. After topical application of HPMPC, the HSV-2 lesions completely resolved. However, the lesions recurred 3 weeks later, and, upon subsequent treatment with HPMPC, regressed. On recurrence, the virus was found to be sensitive to acyclovir, which the patient was given. Again HSV-2, which was resistant to acyclovir, emerged; similar observations were made after another cycle of HPMPC therapy. The HSV-1 isolates were resistant to acyclovir and foscarnet. Following local HPMPC treatment, the lesions regressed, but after 1 week, a second course of topical HPMPC therapy had to be instituted for recurrent infection. The lesions again regressed, and as the recurrent virus was sensitive to acyclovir, the patient was successfully treated with the drug. The results of this study point to the potential usefulness of topical HPMPC in the treatment of immunocompromised patients with HSV-related mucocutaneous infections that are refractory to therapy with acyclovir and/or foscarnet.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Retroviral mediated gene transfer in chronic myelogenous leukaemia.

Gene therapy for chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) may provide a therapeutic option for patients who are ineligible for bone marrow transplantation. To determine the feasibility of such an approach we evaluated the transduction efficiency of CML progenitor colonies from seven patients in chronic phase. Vector transduction was optimized using the CML-derived K562 cell line and applied to CML mononuclear cells. After vector exposure, optimal gene transfer was noted when CML mononuclear cell cultures contained stem cell factor, IL-3, GM-CSF and erythropoietin. The addition of IL-6 to this combination decreased transduction efficiency. Using these conditions, 20.4% +/- 2.4 (SE) of erythroid colonies (CFU-GEMM and BFU-E) and 20.2% +/- 4.7 of CFU-GM colonies were G418 resistant. This compares with a transduction efficiency of 5.9% +/- 1.1 and 6.4% +/- 1.5, respectively, for erythroid and CFU-GM colonies using marrow obtained from normal donors. Only a modest increase in gene transfer was noted when CML cells were stimulated with cytokines for the 24 h preceding vector exposure. Vector DNA in colonies expressing the BCR/ABL transcript was documented by performing PCR analysis on individual colonies. The relatively high gene transfer rate in CML suggests that this disease might be very suitable for gene therapy.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Randomized trial of the addition of gram-positive prophylaxis to standard antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation.

The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the impact of prophylaxis against gram-positive infections in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in a randomized trial. Forty-three patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant were enrolled in a nonblinded randomized trial to receive or not to receive prophylaxis for gram-positive infections with 10(6) U of penicillin intravenously (i.v.) every 6 h (q6h) (if penicillin allergic, 750 mg of vancomycin i.v. q12h) in addition to standard antimicrobial prophylaxis with 400 mg of norfloxacin orally three times a day, 200 mg of fluconazole orally once a day, and 5 mg of acyclovir per kg of body weight i.v. q12h. The patients were being treated for germ cell cancer (n = 15), breast cancer (n = 16), Hodgkin's disease (n = 3), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 1), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 1), and ovarian cancer (n = 3). The trial was stopped because of excess morbidity in the form of streptococcal septic shock in the group not receiving gram-positive prophylaxis. There were significantly fewer overall infections (10 versus 3; P = 0.016) and streptococcal infections (9 versus 1; P = 0.0078) in the group receiving gram-positive prophylaxis. There were no significant differences in the numbers of deaths, duration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, or incidence of neutropenic fever between the two groups. Prophylaxis for gram-positive infections with penicillin or vancomycin is effective in reducing the incidence of streptococcal infections in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplant. However, this approach may carry a risk of fostering resistance among streptococci to penicillin or vancomycin.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1994

The relationship of the in vivo cell cycle characteristics and treatment outcome in acute myelogenous leukemia to the expression of the FMS and MYC proto-oncogenes.

Fms expression was measured by Northern blot analysis in the pretherapy leukemia cells of 30 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who either entered CR or who were shown to have drug resistant disease. High levels of fms expression correlated with a CR outcome and were strongly associated with the fall in the number of leukemia cells during the first six days of remission induction therapy. In contrast, similar studies of myc expression failed to demonstrate any relationship to treatment outcome. Considering those genes whose expression have been measured to date, the level of expression of fms is the one which is most highly correlated with treatment outcome in AML. No significant relationship between the expression levels of these two genes and the cell cycle characteristics of leukemia cells in vivo were detected.

Blotting, Northern↗