alpha-Gliadin-induced T cell activation from the peripheral blood measured by CD69 expression.
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Antigens, CD↗
Biomedical subjects
G Torre
Publications and source records attributed to G Torre.
Differentiated thyroid cancer: surgical treatments of 190 patients.
Between 1968 and 1991, 190 patients (51 men, 139 women) with a mean age of 46.3 years underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer (148 papillary and 42 follicular carcinomas). In 29.5% of the cases a concomitant goitre was histologically demonstrated. These patients were significantly older (mean: 54.7 years) (P<0.01). The patients who had previously received cervical radiotherapy were significantly younger (mean: 29.7 years) (P<0.01). The analysis of historical and clinical findings failed to identify predictive factors of biological aggressiveness. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 5.7% of patients: this subgroup did not show any difference in clinical behaviour. Occult carcinoma (14.7%) and multifocality (9.4%) were found more frequently in the glands with a pre-existent goitre (P<0.05), but the clinical significance of these aspects is uncertain. The surgical treatment of choice was total thyroidectomy (135 patients); more conservative procedures were performed only in younger patients with small lesions, without a difference in survival. Post-operatively a permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in four patients (2.1%) and nine patients (4.7%) required a permanent calcium supplementation. Among patients in follow-up (91.6%), those who underwent a total thyroidectomy were studied using a total body scinti scan. A poor prognosis was associated with age (>40 years), pT, stage, pM and symptomatic metastases.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
Multiple and various anaesthetics, ketamine included, in a young patient with familial dysautonomia, Case report.
A case report is presented of a 16-year-old patient who had undergone 16 general anaesthetics by different anaesthesists and under various anaesthetic techniques for dental, endoscopic, orthopaedic and ophthalmic surgical procedures over a period of 14 years. Use of ketamine, especially in an ambulatory setting, was found more suitable in terms of cardiovascular stability, safety and patient preference.
Adolescent↗
Fibrous invasive (Riedel's) thyroiditis with critical response to steroid treatment.
The Riedel's thyroiditis is an uncommon form of chronic thyroiditis characterized by an invasive fibrosclerosis of the gland, often involving the surrounding tissues. Usually, the only possible treatment is the surgical decompression of the tissues. We describe a case of aggressive Riedel's thyroiditis with severe compression and dislocation of trachea and esophagus. The surgical approach was uneffective, while an "ex juvantibus" steroid treatment, resulted in a dramatic regression of fibrosclerosis and a complete clinical remission. This report points out the possible effectiveness of corticosteroids in the treatment of selective disorders involving increased fibrogenesis.
Adult↗
Surgical management of substernal goiter: analysis of 237 patients.
Between 1968 and 1991, 237 patients underwent thyroidectomy for substernal goiter. Sixteen of them presented malignancies (6.8%). Mean age of the 159 women and 78 men was 57.7 years. Twenty-five patients had undergone previous thyroid surgery. The initial symptoms were cervical mass (72%), compression (16.2%), hyperthyroidism (13.1%), hypothyroidism (1.3%), and 5.5 per cent were asymptomatic. Most patients had long-standing goiter (mean duration: 12.9 yrs). All but eight operations were performed through a cervical incision. There were two postoperative deaths (0.8%), both in patients with advanced neoplasms. Early postoperative complications were hemorrhage (0.8%), dysphonia (4.6%), and transient hypocalcemia (2.9%). Five patients (2.1%) required tracheotomy. Complications were more frequent after total thyroidectomy than partial resection (P < 0.05), after surgery for malignancy than for benign disease (P < 0.05), and in complex than in simple forms (P < 0.05). One hundred ninety-four patients were followed after surgery; dyspnea was found in two patients (1.0%), dysphonia in seven (3.6%), and hypoparathyroidism in one. Analysis of our data indicates that 1) substernal goiter arose in elderly patients more than a decade later than cervical goiter; 2) goiters with a "complex" endothoracic development had an increased rate of short and long term complications; 3) cancer occurred in a significant number of patients, without any specific symptoms of malignancy; 4) the group of patients with hyperthyroidism was characterized by a significantly longer clinical history than euthyroid patients; 5) nearly all substernal goiters could be approached through a cervical collar incision; 6) the morbidity and mortality were low also after sternotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
A new, rapid, noninvasive screening test for celiac disease.
Serum levels of IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies were evaluated in 267 subjects by using both the classic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a rapid test (strip-AGA test) performed on a drop of whole blood. This new test was easy to perform and gave results comparable to those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; it could be useful in screening for celiac disease in both at-risk and normal populations.
Adolescent↗
Androgen receptors in normal and pathological thyroids.
The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptors (AR) in both normal and nodular thyroid tissues from twelve women and six men. Samples of benign thyroid nodules and corresponding surrounding normal tissue were processed by the single saturation point assay, using [3H] R1881 ([3H] Methyltrienolone) at final concentration of 5 nM. The results show the presence of AR (cytosolic and/or nuclear) in all examined tissue samples. The nuclear AR content was higher (p less than 0.01) in normal rather than in nodular thyroid tissues. The same pattern was observed when nuclear AR were analyzed according to the sex. In addition, nuclear AR content was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in normal thyroid tissue from men than from women. Our data suggest an androgen influence on thyroid tissue. If androgens are supposed to exert an antagonist role on estrogen actions also in thyroid tissue, the presence of higher nuclear AR concentration in the male rather than in the female normal thyroid may justify the lower incidence of thyroid diseases in men. Moreover, the lower AR levels found in male as well as in female nodular and goitrous tissues support the hypothesis that androgens may act with an antagonist mechanism on thyroid growth.
Adult↗
Coeliac disease, folic acid deficiency and epilepsy with cerebral calcifications.
Two cases of focal occipital epilepsy with cerebral calcifications poorly responsive to antiepileptic treatment are described. In both cases coeliac disease was diagnosed and folic acid deficiency documented. A gluten-free diet and a brief supplementation with folic acid lead to a complete EEG and clinical normalization in one case and to a significant improvement of EEG and seizure control in the other.
Adult↗
Interactions of nucleic acids with distamycins. The drug monomeric chromophore.
A study of the monomeric chromophore of the oligopeptides netropsin (1), distamycin III (2), and distamycin V (3) by polarization spectroscopy techniques and molecular orbital calculations is reported. Linear dichroism spectra of the monomeric model compounds 1-methyl-2(ethylcarbamoyl)-4-acetamido-pyrrole (4) and 1-methyl-2(ethylcarbamoyl)-pyrrole (5) dissolved and oriented in lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals provide, together with the magnetic CD spectra, experimental checks of the theoretical calculations. The polarization directions of the investigated transition obtained by these means in this study allow us to build up in the following paper the exciton states of (1)-(3) and these provide a stereochemical interpretation of the flow linear dichroism spectra of the complexes of DNA with (2) and (3).
DNA↗
Thyroid and steroid receptors.
Estradiol and progesterone receptor proteins (ER, PgR) have been demonstrated in neoplastic and non-neoplastic human thyroid. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual steroid receptor content of pathological non-malignant thyroid (solitary adenoma, simple nontoxic goiter), and the adjacent normal tissue of the thyroid. The results show the presence of ER and PgR (cytosolic and/or nuclear) in most of examined tissues both pathological and normal. Low levels of steroid receptors are found in the cytosol fraction, whereas the receptor content is higher in the nuclear fraction. No correlation could be found between receptor levels and patients' age, menstrual state in females, and sexual steroid circulating hormones. A significant difference has been observed between adenomas and simple goiters (p less than 0.001) in the nuclear ER, and between normal tissue surrounding adenoma and normal tissue in goiters (p less than 0.05). This result suggests that estradiol and progesterone receptors are present in thyroid tissue and may have a physiological function.
Adult↗
Bowel frequency in healthy children.
Bowel frequency was recorded, on a diary sheet basis, in 662 children from six Italian cities. There is a wide interindividual variability, showing a sharp decrease with age; we report the distribution of the percentiles in the different age groups. Among infants, the breast-fed ones pass significantly more stools than the formula-fed.
Child↗
Phenotypic and functional analysis at the clonal level of infiltrating T lymphocytes in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: prevalence of cytolytic T cells with natural killer-like or lymphokine-activated killer activity.
We investigated the phenotype and function of thyroid tumor-, metastatic lymph node-, and peripheral blood-derived T lymphocytes of four patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Both phenotypic analysis of freshly isolated cells and clonal analysis, using a high efficiency cloning technique, were performed. For comparison, intrathyroid and peripheral blood T lymphocytes derived from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis) have been studied. In papillary cancer, the phenotype of thyroid and lymph node-derived T lymphocytes did not differ from that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same patients or lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood. At variance with respect to autoimmune thyroid disease, activation markers were poorly represented. The functional analysis of T cell clones showed similar proportions of interleukin-2-producing (helper-inducer) clones in thyroid, lymph node, and peripheral blood, slightly lower than in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and slightly higher than in Graves' disease. With regard to effector function, we found lower proportion of clones with cytolytic activity in a lectin-dependent assay compared to that in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Interestingly, however, the proportions of cytolytic clones displaying cytolytic activity against the neoplastic cell line K562 (natural killer-like activity) or fresh unrelated tumor cells (lymphokine-activated killer activity) were relatively high in thyroid cancer infiltrates.
Adult↗
Clonal analysis of T lymphocytes infiltrating the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
T cells isolated from thyroid tissue and peripheral blood of 2 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were studied by a high cloning efficiency microculture technique. Clonal efficiencies of 37 and 24% were obtained from thyroid-derived T cell cultures, while 40 and 90% efficiencies resulted from peripheral-blood-derived cultures. A prevalence of T4-/T8+ T cell clones were found in thyroid infiltrates. The functional analysis of the clones demonstrated significantly higher proportions of clones with cytolytic activity in a lectin-dependent assay in thyroid-derived microcultures, as compared to peripheral blood-derived ones. The proportion of clones displaying natural-killer-like activity was increased in 1 patient only. Cytolytic activity was displayed not only by all T4-/T8+, but also by several T4+/T8- intrathyroid clones. Remarkable proportions of cytolytic clones were also able to release interleukin-2 upon phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Finally, the proportion of T cell clones able to release gamma-interferon following mitogen stimulation was significantly higher in thyroid- vs. peripheral-blood-derived microcultures. These results provide further data about the possible pathogenetical role of both regulatory and effector T lymphocytes in human autoimmune thyroiditis.
Adult↗
Oxaziribidines. Biological activity.
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Animals↗
Gastric tube oesophagoplasty for oesophageal atresia: a follow-up study. Part I: Clinical controls.
From 1975 to 1981, 12 gastric tube oesophagoplasties were performed in our institute for long-gap oesophageal atresias. All cases of the series, but one, have been reconstructed by means of a distally based tube. The authors discuss the criteria of choice of gastric tube and describe all the results of a clinical follow-up conducted in 9 cases, two to eight years after successful surgery. Height and weight patterns, in particular, show a fully satisfactory growth for all gastric tube children.
Child↗
Gastric tube oesophagoplasty for oesophageal atresia: a follow-up study. Part II: Radiologic, endoscopic and histologic controls.
In 1982 a programme of multi-disciplinary follow-up on 12 patients that underwent a gastric tube oesophagoplasty for long-gap oesophageal atresia was started. Radiological examination, performed on all gastric tubes but one (died a few days after surgery), assessed the morphology and dynamics of gastric tube, either distally or proximally based, and stomach 2 to 8 years after surgery. Endoscopic backward exploration was performed on 7 cases, to allow a closer analysis of stomach, gastric tube mucosa and upper oesophageal stump, demonstrating that the gastric transplant is viable and almost undamaged. No evidence of oesophagitis of the proximal stump was found. Histological stainings on biopsy specimens and on sections from one post-mortem examination, showed a mild degree of dystrophy in gastric tube mucosa, progressively shading into proper gastric mucosa. No evidence of a progressive change for the worse was found in any of the 7 tubes controlled.
Child↗
Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Graves' disease: relationship to clinical status.
The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), i.e. the ability of T lymphocytes to proliferate when cultured with autologous non-T cell fractions, is an 'in vitro' phenomenon showing immunological memory and specificity, probably related to the cooperation ability of immunocompetent cells. We have evaluated AMLR in 27 patients with Graves' disease of varying clinical status (untreated and treated with antithyroid drugs, surgery or 131I). The results obtained show: Impaired AMLR in untreated patients (as in other autoimmune diseases). Significantly higher AMLR in cured patients, and that AMLR in cured patients varies with the treatment (higher after surgery or radioiodine than after medical treatment). These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a functional defect of T cells in Graves' disease, which improves when clinical remission is achieved.
Adult↗
[Inappropriate use of pediatric emergency services. An Italian experience].
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Child↗