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Biomedical subjects

G Thiel

Publications and source records attributed to G Thiel.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in the rat. Effect of dehydration, DOCA-saline and furosemide.

Acute renal failure was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of 200 mg/kg body weight gentamicin on 3 consecutive days. Following the last gentamicin injection, the animals began to produce increased amounts of dilute urine and usually remained polyuric throughout the experimental period which lasted up to 2 weeks. Plasma concentrations of creatinine rose to values between 2 and 10 mg%, of urea to values between 100 and 1,000 mg% 5-7 days after the last gentamicin injection and returned to levels slightly above control after 14 days. Average proximal tubular pressure was slightly elevated to 13.7 +/- 0.5 mm Hg on the 2nd day after the last gentamicin dose, decreased to 6.1 +/- 0.4 mm Hg after 1 week, and returned to 11.8 +/- 0.2 mm Hg after 2 weeks (control proximal tubular pressure 11.6 +/- 0.2 mm Hg). These average values hide the fact that early in this model of gentamicin-induced acute renal failure many tubules had proximal tubular pressures increased to values between 18 and 25 mm Hg, suggesting tubular obstruction. Decreased proximal tubular pressures and the histological finding of wide-spread necrosis of proximal convolutions is suggestive of tubular leakage. Dehydration, similarly to other models of acute renal failure, markedly potentiated gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. Salt diuresis induced either by DOCA-saline or by furosemide failed to afford functional protection and increased the degree of morphological damage. No relation was found between the concentration of gentamicin in renal tissue and the degree of functional or morphological impairment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Renal function and laboratory safety parameters after two weeks' administration of fluproquazone to man.

When 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) was given for 14 days (100 mg t.i.d.) to six healthy male volunteers, it produced no clinically relevant effects upon the subjects' renal function, urine microscopic findings, blood coagulation status, or upon their general well-being as shown by a range of laboratory safety tests including haematological profile and blood and urine biochemistry. Minor and transient side effects mainly affecting the gastrointestinal system were seen in four subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Cadaveric kidney transplantation in patients over 55 years].

The progress of 24 patients aged over 55 who received kidney transplants from dead bodies is compared with that of 42 recipients aged under 55. The functioning of the transplants and mortality do not differ in the two groups 3 and 12 months after transplantation. However, in the group of older transplant patients we found a high incidence of analgesic nephropathies, twice as many associated cardiac complications and an increased incidence of tumours. It seems no longer justifiable to withhold such kidney transplants from patients over 55 on grounds of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Cyclosporin A--effects and side effects in the treatment of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis (author's transl)].

The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis with cyclosporin A is described. Cyslosporin A is a new selective immunosuppressant which acts primarily on the T lymphocytes. It has already been shown to be effective in preventing rejection following kidney transplantation as well as in preventing graft-versus-host disease. In rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, however, its effect was not satisfactory, although rather different in the two conditions; overall only about one third of the patients showed any marked improvement. By contrast, and for reasons which are as yet unexplained, it had a beneficial effect on the cutaneous symptoms of psoriasis. Cyclosporin A had little effect on immune parameters. Side effects--mainly kidney toxicity, gastro-intestinal reactions and hirsutism--were common but reversible. On present evidence its principal indication among rheumatological diseases would seem to be as a treatment for severe, intractable psoriatic arthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Renal side effects of treatment with cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis and after bone marrow transplantation].

Renal function was studied prospectively in 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and non-prospectively in 5 patients after bone marrow transplantation. Both groups were treated with cyclosporin A. Functionally and histologically the results suggest tubulotoxicity of cyclosporin A which seems to be dose-related and reversible. Also found in the urine of these patients were yellow, as yet undescribed crystalline bodies often included in casts.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Reiter's disease following salmonella infection in an HL-A-B27 carrier].

Reiter's syndrome following salmonella enteritidis (Gärtner) infection in an HLA-B27 carrier is described. Some weeks after an episode of fever and diarrhea, a 33-year-old male presented with sacroiliitis, Achilles tendinitis and aphthous stomatitis. During the next few months he developed chronic arthritis, mild conjunctivitis, severe iritis, oligospermia and nonspecific asymptomatic urethritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Feedback activation in rat nephrons by sera from patients with acute renal failure.

Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) may be triggered by varying the distal electrolyte load. TGF may contribute to acute renal failure (ARF), but maximal TGF stimulation induces only relatively small alterations in single nephron GFR (SNGFR) and stop-flow pressure (SFP), whereas in ARF, GFR may cease, raising the possibility that substances eliciting greater TGF responses than do elelectrolytes occur in ARF. We have sought such substances in serum, urine, and peritoneal fluid from patients with ARF. Sera samples from 1 healthy subject, 4 ARF patients, and 2 other anuric patients were dialyzed against glucose to reduce electrolyte concentrations and perfused through Henle's loops in salt-deplete rats. With ARF sera, SFP fell from 35.6 +/- (SD) 3.5 to 20.9 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.005) and SNGFR from 28.5 +/- 8.7 to 12.6 +/- 7.3 nl/min (P less than 0.005). Furosemide (10(-4) M) did not abolish the response. Perfusion with other patients' sera had no effect on SFP. ARF urine or peritoneal fluid induced similar responses. Conclusion. In some ARF patients, substances present in serum activate TGF in the rat. These substances might contribute to development of certain forms of human ARF, particularly ARF associated with liver dysfunction (hepatorenal syndrome).

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

[Tumors of the efferent parts of the urinary tract and abuse of analgesics].

Since 1965, when Swedish authors first suggested that analgesic abuse could cause uroepithelial tumors associated with or without analgesic nephropathy, an increasing number of cases have been reported from many parts of the world. In a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to the medical department of the University Hospital in Basel from 1966 to 1976, records of 20 patients with analgesic nephropathy and tumors of the urinary tract (excluding hypernephroma) were found (17 uroepithelial tumors, 2 sarcomas, 1 chorionepithelioma). Typical symptoms, outcome and actuarial survival of the patients with uroepithelial tumors are summarized. Phenacetin as the common ingredient in analgesic mixtures has been regarded as carcinogenic, since some of its metabolites are similar in chemical structure to well-known industrial carcinogens. In animal experiments malignant tumors have in fact been induced with 2-hydroxylated metabolites and areneoxydes of phenacetin and paracetamol, and there is even more convincing evidence of the carcinogenic properties of N-oxydized metabolites such as N-hydroxy-phenetidine and N-hydroxy-phenacetin. Dimethylnitrosamine formed from aminophenazone appears to be improbable as a cause of uroepithelial tumors associated with analgesic abuse, since aminophenazone has not been a common ingredient of analgesic mixtures in Australia, where the incidence of uroepithelial tumors appears to be as high as in Sweden, where abuse of aminophenazone-containing analgesics has been massive.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1978

HgCl2-induced acute renal failure studied by split drop micropuncture technique in the rat.

Proximal tubular reabsorption was studied by the split drop micropuncture technique in HgCl2-induced severe as well as mild acute renal failure. 4 mg/kg of HgCl2 given subcutaneously to normal rats resulted in severe and usually oliguric acute renale failure at 48 h, mean plasma creatinine and urea having risen to 6.9 +/- 0.4 and 420 +/- 30 mg%. On inspection of the kidney surface, usually more than 50% of the convolutions appeared white opaque and collapased. Split drop reabsorption of 0.9% NaCl, 20% mannitol and 20% albumin was markedly accelerated in these necrotic tubular segments, while reabsorptive rates were usually quite reduced in the normal-looking red transparent convolutions. DOCA/saline-pretreated rats developed mild renal failure, with plasma creatinine and urea rising slightly to 1.6 +/-0.3 and 83 +/- 14 mg%, respectively, at 48 h after 4 mg/kh HgCl2. Reabsorptive rates were almost uniformly reduced from 0.55 +/- 0.02 in controls to 0.32 +/- 0.03 nl-mm-2 sec-1 in mild HgCl2-induced acute renale failure. Mild proximal tubular injury features decreased reabsorptive rate while severely damaged tubules appear to be leaky to the extent of allowing rapid disappearance from the tubular lument of the normally barely reabsorbable 20% albumin. Although compatible with unrestricted passive backflow being an additional factor in the pathogenesis of HgCl2-induced acute renal failure, these results do not challenge the importance of primary filtration failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

[Cranial mucormycosis in a patient with a transplanted kidney].

Mucormycosis is a very serious complication of debilitating diseases, and particularly of diabetes. Presently the treatment of choice is amphotericine B. A patient is described who, like most other renal transplant patients with mucormycosis, had cranial localization of this disease and diabetes. The clinical findings were classical and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Blood transfusion and kidney transplantation].

The non-transfusion policy for potential recipients of kidney allografts that has been followed in recent years has not proven successful. There is now ample clinical evidence of improved transplant function in the transfused recipients category. This has also been confirmed in recipients of a first cadaver kidney in Basel and Geneva. If the conditions valid for human kidney transplantation are matched as closely as possible in animal experiments, prolongation of graft function rather than accelerated rejection is usually observed after blood transfusions. Potential kidney graft recipients should be more liberally transfused and experimental evidence ought to be accumulated in order to establish a rationale for optimal host conditioning, while avoiding the hazards of blood transfusions to the greatest extent possible.

Animals↗