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Biomedical subjects

G Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to G Taylor.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of inherited deficiency of the fifth component of complement on arthritis induced in mice by Mycoplasma pulmonis.

Mycoplasma pulmonis inoculated parenterally into mice deficient in the fifth component of complement (C5) caused a chronic arthritis of significantly greater magnitude than in immunologically normal mice. During the chronic phase of arthritis M pulmonis organisms were isolated from the joints and organs of C5 deficient mice more frequently and in larger numbers than from immunologically normal mice. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of M pulmonis induced arthritis and human connective tissue diseases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of experimentally-induced hepatic cirrhosis on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered praziquantel in the rat.

The effects of pretreatment with the hepatotoxin, thioacetamide, on the pharmacokinetics of praziquantel, a broad spectrum schistosomicidal agent with a high hepatic clearance, were studied in male Wistar rats. Animals were pretreated with either thioacetamide (25 mg in 100 ml of drinking water, n = 5) for 24 weeks or received plain drinking water (n = 5) over the same period. After the treatment period, praziquantel was administered orally (25 mg/kg as a 20 mg/ml solution in PEG 200) as a single dose. Blood samples (0.3 ml) were collected from the clipped tail at various times up to 4 h post administration. Plasma was analysed for praziquantel using an HPLC method. Mean peak plasma praziquantel concentrations were approximately 1.0 mg/l for both groups. The time to reach peak concentrations, and post-peak elimination half-life, were approximately 0.7 h and 1.0 h, respectively, for both groups. Similarly, mean AUC was approximately 2.0 mg.h/l for both groups. Statistical comparisons indicated that there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters estimated in the two groups of animals. It was concluded that thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered praziquantel in the rat, at the dose level studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of oxamniquine in rabbit and rat.

The pharmacokinetics of the schistosomicidal agent oxamniquine (6-hydroxmethyl-2-isopropylaminomethyl-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetra hydroquinoline) were studied in 8 (4 male, 4 female) New Zealand White rabbits and 5 female Wistar rats, following intravenous administration (15 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) in the rabbit and rat, respectively, were as follows: plasma clearance, 65.5 +/- 33 and 17.2 +/- 5.7 ml/min/kg; steady-state volume of distribution, 7.9 +/- 4.5 and 2.1 +/- 0.5 l/kg; terminal elimination half-life, 1.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.9 h. Oxamniquine appeared to be widely distributed in both species, although significantly higher in the rabbit. Similarly, plasma clearance was significantly higher in the rabbit. Using reported estimates of liver blood flow and fractions excreted unchanged in urine of the rabbit and rat, calculations based on blood clearances indicated that oxamniquine has a low hepatic extraction ratio (0.2) in the rat and an intermediate hepatic extraction ratio (0.6) in the rabbit. From separate experiments, however, hepatic extraction appeared to be low in the rabbit, suggesting that oxamniquine disposition is probably broadly similar in both rabbit and rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selected aspects of cardiac tumors in infancy and childhood.

Considerable literature concerning cardiac tumors in infancy and childhood has accumulated summarizing the prevalence, histologic types, clinical presentation and outcome, and changing imaging algorithms [1, 7, 10, 14, 20, 24, 33, 37, 43, 48, 57, 58, 60-62, 67, 69, 70, 90, 105, 106, 110, 124, 139, 140, 142, 143, 149]. In this review, we focus on selected aspects of cardiac tumors in the neonate, infant, and child, with an emphasis on imaging modalities [6, 13, 15, 18, 21-23, 60, 71, 77, 80, 92, 98, 99, 103, 107, 112, 114, 119, 146]. Various types of primary cardiac tumors in childhood are discussed in this article.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokine expression in pulmonary and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

The possible involvement of cytokines in the acute viral pneumonia induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was studied in calves. The patterns of cytokine mRNA expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from the lung and peripheral blood of six gnotobiotic calves infected seven days previously with bovine RSV were analysed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for bovine cytokines. The pattern of cytokines detected indicated a mixed type of response to RSV infection as mRNAs for IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were detected in pulmonary and peripheral blood MNC from calves with extensive pneumonic consolidation. In contrast, only mRNA for IFN-gamma was detected in MNC from the lungs and peripheral blood of uninfected animals. These data provide preliminary information on the potential range of cytokines produced in calves following infection with bovine RS virus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunization with a peptide derived from the G glycoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) reduces the incidence of BRSV-associated pneumonia in the natural host.

Previous reports demonstrate that synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid region 174-187 of G glycoprotein from subgroups A and B human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), containing a Cys-->Ser substitution at position 186, confer complete resistance to immunized BALB/c mice against infection with the respective virus. In this report, we show that a Cys186-->Ser substituted peptide (BG/174-187) representing the corresponding region of the bovine (B) RSV G glycoprotein conferred complete protection of mice against BRSV challenge, suggesting that the 174-187 region of RSV G glycoproteins constitutes a dominant protective epitope which has been maintained throughout evolution. Furthermore, immunization of calves with peptide BG/174-187 efficiently induced the production of antibodies capable of recognizing both the parental G glycoprotein and peptide BG/174-187. Following challenge with live BRSV, although none of the animals were protected from upper respiratory tract disease, there were little or no gross pneumonic lesions in the four peptide-immunized calves. In contrast, moderate to extensive pneumonic lesions were observed in 2 out of 3 calves in the control group. Our results thus suggest that peptide BG/174-187 efficiently prevented BRSV-associated pneumonia in the natural host. The use of this system as a model is quite promising with regard to the development of a human synthetic vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eliminating the issue of skin color in assessment of the blanch response.

OBJECTIVE: The high melanin concentration in dark skin prevents the observation of a blanch response to light finger pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (the technique used in pulse oximetry) to monitor a blanch response from in vivo spectra in individuals with light and dark skin, based on changes in blood volume. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental repeated measures design was employed. A stepper motor with an attached spectrophotometer probe was used to deliver controlled pressure to the participants' forearms, mimicking the finger-blanching test. Visible and near-infrared spectra were acquired throughout the blanching cycle. SETTING: The In Vivo Tissue Optics Lab at the Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 10 healthy light-skinned individuals and 10 healthy dark-skinned individuals. RESULTS: Determined by analysis of the spectra, the 2 groups differed in pigmentation in both the visible (P<.01) and near-infrared (P<.01) regions of the absorbance spectrum. There was a significant difference in total hemoglobin at high and low pressure in both the visible (P<.01) and near-infrared (P<.05) regions. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of a significant difference in total hemoglobin at high and low pressure in both light- and dark-skinned groups in this study demonstrates the ability of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor blood volume changes associated with a blanch response. These findings support the potential use of this technology as the basis of a clinically useful blanch response tool that is insensitive to skin color.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The detection of microsatellite instability in blind endometrial samples--a potential novel screening tool for endometrial cancer in women from hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families?

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the phenotypic molecular characteristic of the majority of tumors associated with the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC). Women in this group have an increased risk of endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to determine whether MSI could be demonstrated in blind endometrial samples from women with EC, HNPCC kindreds undergoing screening for EC, and women with normal endometrium. Twenty-four women with EC, 20 women from HNPCC kindreds, and 20 women undergoing gynecological surgery for benign indications underwent blind sampling. MSI analysis was performed by conventional polymerase chain reaction using fluorescent-labeled primers and automated analysis. Twelve microsatellites were studied with MSI defined as evident when novel alleles were seen in endometrial biopsy samples compared to genomic DNA. Of the 24 EC samples obtained, sufficient DNA for analysis was extracted in 17 cases. Three cases had evidence of MSI in at least 7/12 loci. None of the endometrium from the two other study groups revealed evidence of MSI. This is the first demonstration of MSI in blind endometrial biopsies. The ability to demonstrate MSI in heterogeneous endometrial samples suggests potential for the development of a novel EC screening tool for women in HNPCC kindreds.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of thyroxine-binding prealbumin in the nutritional assessment of children with cancer.

The level of thyroxine-binding prealbumin was evaluated in 87 pediatric cancer patients ages 1 through 16 years whose cancer was newly diagnosed but untreated, and 39 children with benign disease or no disease. There was no difference in levels of thyroxine-binding prealbumin between the patients with either malignant or benign disease, nor was there a difference between diagnostic categories. Prealbumin values did correlate with age. When the data were compared, there was a correlation between nutritional status and prealbumin level when the total population (N = 126) was age corrected, but not within the malignant disease group by itself. This confirms data that suggest malnutrition in children with cancer is not a result of protein depletion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conference stresses health education as joint effort.

More than 1,000 delegates from 76 countries attended the 10th International Conference on Health Education, the theme of which was the mutual responsibility of individuals and institutions for health improvement.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritonitis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis.

The occurrence of cases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia peritonitis in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients prompted a review of our experience with this condition. A search of microbiology records revealed seven episodes of S. maltophilia peritonitis in 7 patients in 1996 - 3.8% of all PD patients - compared to no cases in 1994 and 1995 (p = 0.01). Patients ranged in age from 16 to 64 years; there were 3 males and 4 females. Six of seven episodes of peritonitis were community acquired and one was hospital acquired. No temporal clustering of cases was seen. Patients were from different urban and rural communities. Patients used the same commercially supplied dialysate fluid, different dialysis techniques, and were taught a no-touch technique for connection. Treatment of peritonitis required removal of the Tenckhoff catheter in 4 of 7 cases. Fingerprinting of six available isolates by polymerase chain reaction using primers derived from the conserved region of the 16/23Sr RNA gene sequence and pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed all to be unique strains. A case-control study comparing 7 S. maltophilia cases to 21 PD controls showed case patients to be younger and more likely to be on immunosuppressive therapy. We conclude that S. maltophilia has emerged as an important cause of peritonitis in our continuous ambulatory PD population. Evidence to date suggests community acquisition with no evidence of a common source.

Adolescent↗